In this pioneering new book, Sandra Harding and Robert Figueroa bring together an important collection of original essays by leading philosophers exploring an extensive range of diversity issues for the philosophy of science and technology. The essays gathered in this volume extend current philosophical discussion of science and technology beyond the standard feminist and gender analyses that have flourished over the past two decades, by bringing a thorough and truly diverse set of cultural, racial, and ethical concerns to bear (...) on questioning in these areas. Science and Other Cultures charts important new directions in ongoing discussions of science and technology, and makes a significant contribution to both scholarly and teaching resources available in the field. (shrink)

The use of artificial intelligence (AI) in hiring entails vast ethical challenges. As such, using an ethical lens to study this phenomenon is to better understand whether and how AI matters in hiring. In this paper, we examine whether ethical perceptions of using AI in the hiring process influence individuals’ trust in the organizations that use it. Building on the organizational trust model and the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology, we explore whether ethical perceptions are shaped by (...) individual differences in performance expectancy and social influence and how they, in turn, impact organizational trust. We collected primary data from over 300 individuals who were either active job seekers or who had recent hiring experience to capture perceptions across the full range of hiring methods. Our findings indicate that performance expectancy, but not social influence, impacts the ethical perceptions of AI in hiring, which in turn influence organizational trust. Additional analyses indicate that these findings vary depending on the type of hiring methods AI is used for, as well as on whether participants are job seekers or individuals with hiring experience. Our study offers theoretical and practical implications for ethics in HRM and informs policy implementation about when and how to use AI in hiring methods, especially as it pertains to acting ethically and trustworthily. (shrink)

Prosocial crowdfunding was originally conceived as a financial mechanism to assist vulnerable unbanked populations, typically excluded from formal financial markets. It subsequently grew into a billion-dollar scheme (Kiva 2020a, https://www.kiva.org/blog/1-billion-in-life-changing-loans ) in the multi-billion-dollar crowdfunding industry. However, recent evidence claims prosocial crowdfunding may be shifting away from its goal to support the poor and underserved. Drawing on a composite social responsibility and framing theory framework, we examine the role that vulnerability plays in successfully raising funds in a prosocial crowdfunding context. (...) We conduct multilevel logistic regressions on a sample of microloans allocated to 105,727 ventures in 64 countries. Our results indicate that applying for funds through a field partner which caters to vulnerable populations may in fact have a negative effect on the entrepreneur’s request to be fully funded. Notwithstanding, framing the entrepreneur as being female or rural as key characteristics of individual vulnerability increases the project’s likelihood to be fully funded. This conflict offers noteworthy theoretical and practical implications for ethics in prosocial crowdfunding, an understudied field of research. (shrink)

This work analyzes how the internal point of view, which represents the perspective of the participant in the legal domain, can be understood within a Hartian framework. It critically examines how legal conventionalism has dealt with this issue. In particular, it criticizes the way in which contemporary conventionalists represent the perspective of participants in legal practice on the basis of cognitive mental states. It also criticizes the way in which they understand how the rule of recognition constitutes the practice. To (...) address these problems, a model based on the philosophy of recognition is presented, showing how its historicity and the way it understands conflict may help to represent the participants' perspective from a practical point of view. (shrink)

The first version of this piece was written for the opening panel of the 2017 Conference of the Association for Feminist Ethics and Social Theory in Florida. The panel, “Decolonial Feminism: Theories and Praxis,” offered the opportunity for Black and Latinx feminist philosophers and decolonial scholars to consider their arrival to decolonial feminisms, their various points of emergence, and the utility of decolonial politics for liberation movements and organizing. I was prepared to discuss some genealogies of US Latina decolonial feminisms (...) with a focus on the relationship of decolonial feminisms to other feminist articulations—for example, a consideration of the relation and divergence between decolonial and postcolonial feminism. I was particularly interested in examining some of the “decolonizing constellations of resistance and love” created by Black, Indigenous, Latinx feminisms. I wanted to track the intergenerational labor of relationality as a part of women of color politics and to discuss how these politics unseat coloniality in its variant iterations. (shrink)

This article examines the application of the ought‐implies‐can principle in the legal domain, especially in the relationship between obligations and responsibility. It addresses the challenge of cases in which an agent cannot do what is required of her, and yet it seems plausible to say that she has an obligation. To deal with these cases, two parallel distinctions are made: between rules of conduct and rules of imputation, and between doings and things done. It is proposed that these distinctions show (...) that the principle operates in two different but complementary ways: as part of prescriptive relations and as part of responsibility practices. (shrink)

This paper describes a scenario-based methodology called the NeOn Methodology framework. The aim of this framework is to speed up the construction of ontologies and ontology networks by reu...

The development and deployment of chatbot technology, while spanning decades and employing different techniques, require innovative frameworks to understand and interrogate their functionality and implications. A mere technocentric account of the evolution of chatbot technology does not fully illuminate how conversational systems are embedded in societal dynamics. This study presents a structured examination of chatbots across three societal dimensions, highlighting their roles as objects of scientific research, commercial instruments, and agents of intimate interaction. Through furnishing a dimensional framework for the (...) evolution of conversational systems — from laboratories to marketplaces to private lives— this article contributes to the wider scholarly inquiry of chatbot technology and its impact in lived human experiences and dynamics. (shrink)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Two dimensions of environmental justice Domestic environmental justice in the United States Global environmental justice Conclusions.

Recent decades have brought environmental justice studies to a much broader analysis and new areas of concern. We take this increased depth and breadth of environmental justice further by considering restorative justice, with a particular emphasis on reconciliation efforts between indigenous and non-indigenous citizens. Our focus is on the reconciliation efforts taken by the indigenous/non-indigenous jointmanagement structure of Uluṟu-Kata Tjuṯa National Park. Usinga framework of restorative justice within a bivalent environmental justice approach, we consider the current management policies at the (...) Park, particularly as it pertains to the controversial climb of the rock, Uluṟu. Our exploration of restorative environmental justice depends upon narrative analysis of embodied ecotourism affects in order to determine the capacity and obstacles of reconciliation efforts in the current management policy. Interviews with tourists from the Greater Sydney Metropolitan Area supply us with cases that provide affective experiences and a postcolonial narrative analysis of touring practices that we argue are imbued with nationalism and colonial naturalism that must be transformed in order to meet the requests of the Park’s traditional indigenous owners. We argue that restorative justice, within a bivalent environmental justice framework that already emphasizes other distributive and recognition measures, is vital for overcoming these obstacles for Australian environmental heritage. (shrink)

This article considers María Lugones's concept of faithful witnessing as a point of departure to think about the ethics and possibilities of faithful witnessing in literary contexts. For Lugones, faithful witnessing is an act of aligning oneself with oppressed peoples against the grain of power and recognizing their humanity, oppression, and resistance despite the lack of institutional endorsement. I engage the work of Linda Tuhiwai Smith, Denise Oliver, and other scholars who offer methodologies and discourses on recognition, witnessing, and resistance. (...) I argue that the feminist philosophical concept of faithful witnessing is a critical element of reading decolonial imaginaries. The article undertakes close readings of two novels in the Afro-Latinx and Afro-Hispanic tradition: Donato Ndongo's Shadows of Your Black Memory and Junot Díaz's The Brief Wondrous Life of Oscar Wao. In these readings, the concept of faithful witnessing enriches the analysis of religious colonization and the gender violence inherent to coloniality. (shrink)

Resumen: De acuerdo con los principales enfoques al respecto (Sexto, Diógenes Laercio, Galeno, B.Mates, Long, Bochenski, Lukasiewicz) la lógica (dialéctica) de los estoicos es principalmente un sistema deductivo, lo que, en términos actuales, ha sido visto como un sistema de lógica proposicional. La obra de Crísipo acerca de los cinco argumentos indemostrables constituye la principal base de dicho sistema. En este artículo se examina la naturaleza de dichos cinco indemostrables así como el llamando teorema de Antipatro y los esquemas básicos (...) de inferencia, o zemas. Por otra parte y en particular, sostengo que dichos argumentos indemostrables tienen otro importante rol para la filosofía y la historia de la lógica, cual es el de constituirse en una justificación de la deducción, un problema central en el presente. Se analiza, primero, la justificación por los indemostrables y por el principio de condicionalización y, segundo, la justificación cognitiva de la lógica implícita en un sistema estoico.Palabras clave: Crísipo de Solós; lógica; indemostrable; justificación; validez. (shrink)

This anthology brings together extracts that come from a wide variety of sources and that illustrate Western thought on the subject of humour and laughter from Antiquity to Late Modernity. The selection of texts is comprehensive, historically representative, and original, and includes writings from more than 40 different authors.

La metafísica de orden superior es un programa de investigación emergente que pretende dar cuenta de los problemas metafísicos usando las herramientas de la lógica de orden superior. En este estudio crítico se muestran algunos de los antecedentes relevantes que llevaron a este cambio de paradigma que se está produciendo en la metafísica analítica. Dentro de este contexto, se analiza el caso del realismo fregeano. Se trata de un movimiento reciente que usa los recursos de la lógica de orden superior (...) para articular una teoría de propiedades y proposiciones. La idea central de esta concepción es que las propiedades no son objetos, sino las condiciones de satisfacción de los predicados. Esta distinción excluyente entre propiedades y objetos se aplica a diferentes problemas metafísicos. Para el realismo fregeano estos puzles se presentan como pseudo problemas que surgen por hablar de las propiedades como si fuesen objetos. (shrink)

Resumen:“Arrojar luz sobre nuestra época”; esa fue la finalidad central que declara haber tenido Kierkegaard para escribir acerca de lo que significó el caso jurídico llevado en contra de Adolph Adler (Prefacio: 21), y para hacer toda su filosofía, se podría añadir (desde el escrito de Gilleleje, Temor y temblor, Lo uno o lo otro, el Postcriptum y, especialmente, hasta los artículos de El instante). Expresiones similares acerca del sentido de su proyecto filosófico general lo expresa Kierkegaard en varios momentos (...) de El libro sobre Adler. Su objetivo era tratar a A. Adler como una figura representativa de una determinada característica de su época, a la que quería diagnosticar y mejorar (40). Y la meta más amplia de Kierkegaard era, pues, orientar al tiempo y la cultura en que le tocó vivir. La última sección del último capítulo del libro, tiene justamente el título: “El profesor Adler como epigrama de la cristiandad de nuestros días” (198). (shrink)

Resumen:El texto está dirigido al estudiante especializado que desee no solo aprender distintos sistemas lógicos, sino que, también, quiera acercarse a las bases epistemológicas y ontológicas que conforman la naturaleza de la disciplina, esto es, en principio, a la filosofía de la lógica. Pero, esto hay que aclararlo, pues en el prefacio de la obra el autor anuncia que: “En este texto abrazaremos la ambigüedad, introduciendo a los estudiantes en la lógica filosófica en ambos sentidos” (XVI). ¿Cuál ambigüedad de sentidos (...) es esa? Se trata de la ambigüedad que se escondería en el término mismo philosophical logic, pues podría ser entendido en los siguientes sentidos: referido a una investigación de los conceptos, alcances y propiedades y bases teóricas y filosóficas centrales de la lógica, o bien como el desarrollo técnico de determinados sistemas lógicos, en sus métodos y operatorias. En otras palabras, como filosofía de la lógica o como lógica sin más. (shrink)

With a focus on appearance and racialised perceptions of skin colour, this paper discusses the differences between being and feeling acceptable, pretty or ugly and the possibility of such displacement (from being to feeling or vice versa), as a way to understand what beauty does in people’s lives. The paper explores the fragility of beauty in relation to the visibility of the body in specific racialised contexts. It investigates the claim that beauty can be considered a feeling that emphasises processes (...) (what beauty does) rather than contents (what beauty is). Drawing from life stories with Mexican women, I examine their concerns about visibility, temporality and appearance as expressions of racist practices and ideas, within a context where the racial project of mestizaje (racial mixture) is in operation. Beauty matters as it makes evident the pervasiveness of racism in the everyday. The lived experience of beauty, in its displacement and fragility, as a feeling and as resource, can also point to some of the strategies to resist, cope and get on. (shrink)

Chile needs to diversify its energy supply, and should establish policies that encourage the production and use of biofuels. The demand for energy resources increases with population growth and industrial development, making it urgent to find green alternatives to minimize the impacts of greenhouse gas emissions of traditional fuels. However, it is required that sophisticated strategies consider all externalities from the production of biofuels and should be established on the basis of protecting the environment, reducing GHG emissions and to avoid (...) violating human rights. This article presents the Chilean reality, based on ethical principles that should be guarded to regulate the bioenergy market. These principles are: human rights, environmental sustainability, climate change mitigation, right to a fair reward, and equitable distribution. It is concluded that in Chile the concentration of land and water for the development of extractive industries; and for agricultural and forestry purposes, contradicts the principle of human rights. The unequal distribution of income is also highlighted as part of a cycle of social injustice, with a high Gini coefficient . However, the policy of biofuels can be strengthened with the early use of second generation feedstock, the introduction of fair trade and regulation by the state to encourage participation of small farmers, and allows a position for Chile at the forefront of bioenergy production. (shrink)

Resumen: La poeta mapuche-williche se autodenomina “champurria” como forma de alejarse de la pureza lingüística y cultural en que se desenvuelven la lengua hegemónica y el mapudungun formal. Este posicionamiento, más el reconocimiento de que la poeta es portadora del mapuche kimün porque también es machi, sugieren la posibilidad de comprender sus textos como una morfogénesis comunicativa, atendiendo a las nociones de mestizaje que nos ofrecen Gloria Anzaldúa, María Lugones y Silvia Rivera Cusicanqui. La lectura de la poeta-machi nos interpela (...) a profundizar en el conocimiento del mapuche kimün para comprender los mundos que crea en su trance morfogénico, mientras disloca el español y el mapuzugun, en una unidad textual múltiple, intercultural, impredecible, inconmensurable. Abstract: The mapuche-huilliche poet Adriana Paredes Pinda calls herself “champurria” as a way to distance herself from the linguistic and cultural purity of both the hegemonic tongue and formal mapudungun. This position, plus the knowledge of the poet as a bearer of the mapuche kimün as a machi, suggest the possibility of understanding her texts as communicative morphogenesis, taking heed of the notion of “mestizaje” proposed by Gloria Anzaldúa, María Lugones and Silvia Rivera Cusicanqui. The reading of the machi-poet demands of us a deeper knowledge of the mapuche kimün to understand the worlds created in her morphogenetic trance, as she dislocates both Spanish and Mapudungun on a measureless, unpredictable, intercultural, multiple textual unity. (shrink)

The State of Emergency declaration in Japan due to the COVID-19 pandemic affected many aspects of society in the country, much like the rest of the world. One sector that felt its disruptive impact was education. As educational institutions raced to implement emergency remote teaching (ERT) to continue providing the learning needs of students, some have opened to innovative interventions. This paper describes a case of ERT where Filipino vocabulary was taught to a class of Japanese students taking Philippine Studies (...) in a Japanese university using a cognitive innovation based on virtual reality, an immersive technology often researched for immersion and presence. Students were divided into three groups to experience six lessons designed around virtual reality photo-based tours at different immersion levels. While the effect of immersion on satisfaction was not found to be statistically significant, presence and satisfaction were found to be correlated. Despite challenges that were encountered, benefits like enjoyment, increased engagement, and perceived learning were reported by the students. Our findings exemplify how emerging multisensory technologies can be used to enhance affective and cognitive dimensions of human experience while responding to gaps created by the spatial limitations of remote learning. (shrink)

En reseña de: Llano Alonso, Fernando. El gobierno de la razón: la filosofía jurídico-política de Marco Tulio Cicerón (prólogo de Alfonso Castro Sáenz), Thomson Reuters-Aranzadi, Cizur Menor, Madrid, 2017Este trabajo refleja las ideas esenciales del libro de Fernando LLano, "El gobierno de la razón" sobre el pensamiento jurídico-político de Cicerón. También formula algunas observaciones más o menos críticas al objeto de invitar a su lectura.Cic.

A la memoria del maestro/filósofo Álvaro B. Márquez-Fernández La necesidad de seguir promoviendo temas “no” vistos de forma positiva por los grupos cerrados del poder, y aquellos que han hecho de la academia grupúsculos tradicionales, sistémicos y funcionales a los intereses de los de arriba, se constituye en una apuesta de ir a contracorriente de esos tipos de historias y asumir un compromiso ético-político en función de las luchas, los sentimientos y las emociones de los grupos de abajo.

_Resumen_ En una entrevista de la segunda edición de _Crítica de la razón latinoamericana, _Castro-Gómez plantea un debate entre dos técnicas historiográficas que se disputaban legitimidad: Historia de las ideas y Genealogía de las prácticas. Según él mismo, el primer proyecto _nace muerto_, pues se trata de historiar las creencias de América Latina a través de ideas de una élite académica. En adición, asevera que la Genealogía de las prácticas es la historiografía más adecuada, pues ella revela la cosmovisión contingentemente (...) construida de cada grupo humano a partir de experiencias particulares. No obstante, se argumentará que, lejos de ser antitéticas, ambas formas de historiar pueden complementarse. El presente trabajo es el intento de dicha complementación a través de un caso particular: la incursión del marxismo en el Perú. _Palabras clave: _Marxismo, Genealogía de las prácticas, Historia de las ideas, Foucault, Castro-Gomez. (shrink)

Bioethics has become a field of new challenges for Ibero-America and the Caribbean. A seeming uniformity in the region hides a rich heterogeneous society. A brief survey of bioethical developments in different Ibero- American countries is provided as well as the bioethical problems and approaches peculiar to the region. Some of the unique features of bioethics in this region, it is suggested, could infuse new life into the U.S. and European bioethics discussion. Finally, a bibliography of Ibero-American bioethics literature is (...) provided for North American and European readers. (shrink)

La contribución aborda el fenómeno de la improvisación musical desde la teoría sociológica de la acción y la interacción. Postula que la noción de acción, frecuentemente aceptada en la teoría y definida como conducta planificada o tipificada, no resulta adecuada para explicar fenómenos como los procesos de improvisación. De allí que se postule la noción de “ material musical ” como uno de los elementos centrales, junto con la interacción y el medio de comunicación utilizado, para explicar la improvisación. El (...) artículo propone entender al material musical como conocimiento sedimentado que es generado, transformado y adaptado en el momento y situación de improvisar, generando así la posibilidad de explicar no solo la dimensión rutinaria de la acción e interacción improvisatorias, sino también su aspecto creativo y espontáneo. (shrink)

En Self-Constitution. Agency, Identity, and Integrity (2009), Christine Korsgaard defiende la conclusión de que el imperativo categórico rige la acción humana porque es el único principio que permite alcanzar la unidad psíquica plena, la cual, según Korsgaard, es un prerrequisito esencial para la acción efectiva. Para los agentes humanos, alcanzar esa unidad -que consiste en hacer coherentes distintos impulsos hacia la acción- es una actividad constante, denominada "autoconstitución". De acuerdo con Korsgaard, ésta es la fuente originaria de la normatividad y (...) de las identidades prácticas e incluso de la identidad personal. Después de exponer las ideas centrales del libro, presento dos objeciones: primero, critico la equiparación del imperativo categórico con la autoconstitución exitosa, pues no toda falla de auto-constitución es una falla moral. Segundo, argumento que la tesis de que la identidad personal es producto de la autoconstitución es problemática y que, al defenderla, Korsgaard confunde identidad práctica con identidad personal. In Self-Constitution. Agency, Identity, and Integrity (2009), Christine Korsgaard argues that the categorical imperative rules human action because it is the sole principle that allows us to reach the complete psychic unity that, Korsgaard thinks, is an essential prerequisite for effective action. Reaching this unity -which consists in making cohere diverging impulses for action- is for human agents a constant activity called "self-constitution." According to Korsgaard, this activity is the source of normativity, of human practical identities and even of personal identity. After explaining the main ideas of the book, I present two objections. First, I criticize the linkage of the categorical imperative to successful self-constitution, for not every failure of the latter counts as a moral failure. Second, I argue that the thesis that personal identity is a product of self-constitution is problematic and that it betrays a confusion between practical identity and personal identity. (shrink)

Recent decades have brought environmental justice studies to a much broader analysis and new areas of concern. We take this increased depth and breadth of environmental justice further by considering restorative justice, with a particular emphasis on reconciliation efforts between indigenous and non-indigenous citizens. Our focus is on the reconciliation efforts taken by the indigenous/non-indigenous jointmanagement structure of Uluṟu-Kata Tjuṯa National Park. Usinga framework of restorative justice within a bivalent environmental justice approach, we consider the current management policies at the (...) Park, particularly as it pertains to the controversial climb of the rock, Uluṟu. Our exploration of restorative environmental justice depends upon narrative analysis of embodied ecotourism affects in order to determine the capacity and obstacles of reconciliation efforts in the current management policy. Interviews with tourists from the Greater Sydney Metropolitan Area supply us with cases that provide affective experiences and a postcolonial narrative analysis of touring practices that we argue are imbued with nationalism and colonial naturalism that must be transformed in order to meet the requests of the Park’s traditional indigenous owners. We argue that restorative justice, within a bivalent environmental justice framework that already emphasizes other distributive and recognition measures, is vital for overcoming these obstacles for Australian environmental heritage. (shrink)

Este ensayo examina la idea de “desarrollo” y su relación con políticas públicas que se han implementado en la segunda parte del siglo XX, a objeto de ofrecer miradas alternativas que superen las contradicciones que han operado en esta relación. Para ello, en la primera parte se revisa críticamente la noción de desarrollo como indicador de bienestar social, noción que ha orientado las políticas públicas implementadas en el período. En la segunda parte, el ensayo propone reconsiderar la esfera de “lo (...) público”, como mecanismo de superación de las contradicciones de las políticas del desarrollo. Finalmente, en la tercera parte se presenta la noción de territorio, como el espacio para la reconsideración de la idea del desarrollo y de la esfera pública. Ello, junto a nuevos enfoques del desarrollo que incluyan la interculturalidad, la conciencia ecológica y la subordinación del capital en la vida individual y social, podrían orientar perspectivas teóricas y empíricas que sustenten políticas públicas coherentes con las exigencias contemporáneas. (shrink)

Prólogo del Che al proyecto de libro sobre economía política -- Teoría general de la transición socialista -- Cuba : de la liberación nacional a la construcción del socialismo -- Transición extraordinaria del capitalismo al socialismo en Cuba.

Durante las últimas décadas se ha visto un desarrollo acentuado de las perspectivas críticas y categorías de análisis latinoamericanas gracias a proposiciones de estudiosos como Juan Villoro, Juan José Saer y Ricardo Piglia que enriquecen las posibilidades de exploración de las creaciones literarias. En lo que respecta a este estudio, se rescata el trabajo intelectual de Piglia en relación con la categoría analítica de secreto y su aplicabilidad en el género _nouvelle_. En esta ocasión, se ha optado por analizar un (...) clásico de la literatura, _Otra vuelta de tuerca_ (2015), de Henry James, para verificar las posibilidades de reconstrucción de un secreto, entendido a la luz de las reflexiones de Piglia como un elemento fundamental en la trama que no está narrado en la historia visible, y que, sin embargo, se puede volver a narrar a partir del trabajo investigativo del lector. Para este fin, es pertinente examinar el espacio diegético en la narrativa, analizar el problema del narrador y abordar la posible reconstrucción del secreto en la _nouvelle _de James. Este trabajo de reflexión evidencia la complejidad literaria y el valor estético intensificado en las obras de este género, y del clásico de James en particular, ya que los recursos de ambigüedad y la sucesión de narradores múltiples enriquecen el valor del elemento oculto, a partir del cual se reconstruye una nueva lectura según las precisiones críticas de Piglia. (shrink)