Reprenant les principales dimensions psychopathologiques participant à la compréhension des conduites addictives alimentaires, et les articulant avec les mécanismes neurobiologiques générant et entretenant une véritable addiction, nous privilégions une approche psychosomatique qui permette d’éclairer certaines données cliniques, d’affiner nos attitudes thérapeutiques et d’ouvrir notre réflexion à des perspectives de recherche nouvelle. Dans une approche étiopathogénique, transnosographique, intégrant l’impact de l’environnement socioculturel et des dimensions transgénérationnelles, nous avons évoqué, dans le dysfonctionnement des interrelations précoces et ses conséquences sur le développement de (...) l’enfant et le processus d’adolescence, une hypothèse centrale dans les conduites addictives alimentaires : la défaillance du maternel chez les mères des patientes, en particulier dans l’investissement du corps autonome, vivant et érotique de l’enfant. Cette défaillance ne favoriserait pas une bonne intégration du féminin chez le sujet et participerait à l’avènement d’une organisation sadomasochiste qui le fixe à ses objets infantiles. Sur la base de ces modalités de construction identitaire, nous avons abordé la génèse de ces conduites en soulignant successivement le développement, du fait du défaut de contenant maternel (pare-excitant, organisateur et liant des motions pulsionnelles de l’enfant), d’une organisation dépressiveantidépressive (dépressivité), témoin d’une rupture du développement; celui d’une inactivation partielle, et dans certains domaines, des processus de mentalisation défensive du rapproché relationnel vécu comme emprise (alexithymie). L’organisation symptomatique évolue, selon nous, vers une modalité corporelle et comportementale de régulation de l’équilibre du sujet afin de parer à un risque dépressif ou de désorganisation. Ce processus de régulation touche le système plaisir-déplaisir avec la génèse d’un autosadisme et d’un masochisme moral, source d’une jouissance endogène « à défaut ». Ces dimensions ouvrent la voie à un frayage psychosomatique d’autant que les « solutions » névrotiques et perverses sont en échec, et qu’une pathologie organique secondaire à la conduite constitue un point d’appel de substitution d’une invalidité physique à une invalidité psychique. (shrink)

Several researchers point to disorganized attachment as a core feature of borderline personality disorder (BPD). However, recent studies suggest that specific internal working models (IWMs) of each parent combine to account for child outcomes and that a secure relationship with one parent can protect against the deleterious effects of an insecure relationship with the other parent. It was thus hypothesized that adolescents with BPD are more likely to be disorganized with both their parents, whereas non-clinical controls are more secure with (...) at least one of their caregivers. Thirty-six adolescents with BPD and 30 control participants (aged 13-19) were included. Psychiatrist diagnosis was verified with the SIDP-IV and comorbidity was assessed using the Kiddie-SADS. Reported trauma was assessed with the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. Attachment IWMs of each parent were assessed with the Attachment Multiple Model Interview (AMMI), which enables separate coding for each attachment figure and in which disorganization is conceptualized as conflicting attachment strategies within a specific relationship. Results of a logistic regression analysis suggested that beyond insecure attachment, being disorganized not just with one but with both parents is particularly characteristic of adolescents with BPD. Conversely, belonging to the non-clinical group was predicted by higher security scores with the father and lower deactivation with the mother. Although higher levels of childhood abuse or neglect were reported by adolescents with BPD, the retained attachment dimensions predicted group membership over and above reported trauma. These findings have important implications for clinical intervention and highlight the protective role fathers may have. (shrink)

Maurice Blanchot, the eminent literary and cultural critic, has had a vast influence on contemporary French writers—among them Jean Paul Sartre and Jacques Derrida. From the 1930s through the present day, his writings have been shaping the international literary consciousness. The Space of Literature , first published in France in 1955, is central to the development of Blanchot's thought. In it he reflects on literature and the unique demand it makes upon our attention. Thus he explores the process of (...) reading as well as the nature of artistic creativity, all the while considering the relation of the literary work to time, to history, and to death. This book consists not so much in the application of a critical method or the demonstration of a theory of literature as in a patiently deliberate meditation upon the literary experience, informed most notably by studies of Mallarme;, Kafka, Rilke, and Hölderlin. Blanchot's discussions of those writers are among the finest in any language. (shrink)

How does literature illuminate the way we live? Maurice Natanson, a prominent champion of phenomenology, draws upon this method's unique power to show how fiction can highlight aspects of experience that are normally left unexamined. By exploring the structure of the everyday world, Natanson reveals the "uncanny" that lies at the core of the ordinary. Phenomenology--which involves the questioning of that which we usually take for granted--is for Natanson the essence of philosophy. Drawing upon his philosophical predecessors Edmund Husserl, (...) Alfred Schutz, and Jean-Paul Sartre, Natanson paves his own way with stories and examples that themselves bear witness to how phenomenology occurs in literature. In considering such works as Samuel Beckett's Waiting for Godot, Thomas Mann's The Magic Mountain, and Franz Kafka's The Metamorphosis, Natanson shows how literature opens us to the domain of possibility and how metaphor offers philosophical power when we think about freedom and change. This book, written by one of the twentieth century's leading phenomenologists, will interest students in philosophy and in literature. They will value the work particularly for its clarification of concepts and terms that frequently emerge in the contemporary intellectual climate. (shrink)

This book explains psychological, sociopolitical and organisational change in multidisciplinary settings. It shows how advanced techniques of contextual analysis can be applied to complex situations and offers a new cybernetic agency paradigm based on living systems theory. It models, diagnoses, and analyses complex, realworld situations to anticipate patterns of behaviour.

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