Results for 'Peter Hupfer'

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  1.  30
    50 Jahre Grundschicht der Troposphäre: Eine erinnerung an karl schneider-carius und das geophysikalische institut der universität leipzig.Michael Börngen, Thomas Foken & Peter Hupfer - 2004 - NTM Zeitschrift für Geschichte der Wissenschaften, Technik und Medizin 12 (4):201-212.
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  2.  33
    Inefficient Charity.Elizabeth C. Hupfer - 2024 - Social Theory and Practice 50 (1):105-125.
    Theories such as effective altruism contend that people are morally obligated to give to charitable organizations that will efficiently do the most net good. The assumption is that aiding people who are most in need will create the most good; yet, it may be more inefficient to reach those most in need. In response, I outline my Inefficiency Principle in which efficiency has less moral weight when aiding those lacking in basic capabilities, and efficiency has more moral weight when aiding (...)
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  3.  73
    Distributing Welfare and Resources.Elizabeth C. Hupfer - 2019 - Journal of Philosophical Research 44:273-292.
    Should theories of distribution focus solely on subjective welfare or solely on objective resources? While both of these ‘currencies’ have well-known objections that make each of them implausible alone, I argue that neither currency should be jettisoned entirely. Instead, I construct a multi-currency distributive theory involving both welfare and resources. While I think that such a heterogeneous theory is able to mitigate objections to both pure resourcism and pure welfarism, it also creates a new concern, which I call the precedence (...)
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  4.  43
    Mutually Beneficial Coercion: A Critique of the Coercive Approach to Distributive Justice.Elizabeth C. Hupfer - 2019 - Law and Philosophy 38 (2):195-220.
    According to the coercive approach to distributive justice, the coercive nature of the political state requires justification in the form of distributive benefits owed only to members of the state. In this paper I analyze and dismiss traditional objections to the coercive approach, and I proceed to raise two novel objections. First, according to my equivocation objection, I contend that the coercive approach’s leap from coercive burdens to certain distributive benefits is based on an equivocation. When this equivocation is clarified, (...)
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  5.  31
    Humanitarian nations.Elizabeth C. Hupfer - 2022 - Journal of Global Ethics 18 (3):312-329.
    Philosophical notions of humanitarianism – duties based in beneficence that apply to humanity generally – are largely focused on personal duty as opposed to official development assistance, or foreign aid, between nations. To rectify this gap in the literature, I argue that, from the point of view of donor nations, their humanitarian obligations are met when they have given enough of their fair share of resources, and from the point of view of recipient nations, they have received enough when they (...)
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  6.  24
    Ein Archiv für Wissenschaft, Staat und Nation: Klimatologische Datenpraktiken in der Schweiz, 1860–1914.Franziska Hupfer - 2017 - NTM Zeitschrift für Geschichte der Wissenschaften, Technik und Medizin 25 (4):435-457.
    ZusammenfassungIn der zweiten Hälfte des 19. Jahrhunderts begannen die meisten europäischen Staaten, Wetterbeobachtungsnetze zu finanzieren. Damit veränderten sich die klimatologischen Datenpraktiken fundamental. Am Beispiel der Schweiz beleuchtet dieser Aufsatz die politischen, institutionellen und methodologischen Dimensionen nationaler Datenarchive. Die Institutionalisierung der Datenproduktion im nationalen Rahmen führte einerseits dazu, dass mehr und systematischere Beobachtungen angestellt und publiziert wurden. Andererseits waren die Erhebungen an staatliche Grenzen gebunden, was nicht ausschloss, dass die nationalen Institutionen entsprechend ihrem universalistischen Wissenschaftsverständnis eine Standardisierung auf internationaler Ebene anstrebten. (...)
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  7. Mental Acts: Their Content And Their Objects.Peter Thomas Geach - 1957 - London, England: Humanities Press.
    ACT, CONTENT, AND OBJECT THE TITLE I have chosen for this work is a mere label for a set of problems; the controversial views that have historically been ...
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  8. Self, mind, and body.Peter F. Strawson - 1974 - In Peter Frederick Strawson, Freedom and Resentment and Other Essays. London, England: Routledge.
  9. Of Colors, Kestrels, Caterpillars, and Leaves.Peter Bradly & Michael Tye - 2001 - Journal of Philosophy 98 (9):469.
    According to color realism, object colors are mind-independent properties that cover surfaces or permeate volumes of objects. In recent years, some color scientists and a growing number of philosophers have opposed this view on the grounds that realism about color cannot accommodate the apparent unitary/binary structure of the hues. For example, Larry Hardin asserts, the unitary-binary structure of the colors as we experience them corresponds to no known physical structure lying outside nervous systems that is causally involved in the perception (...)
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  10. No Luck With Knowledge? On a Dogma of Epistemology.Peter Baumann - 2012 - Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 89 (3):523-551.
    Current epistemological orthodoxy has it that knowledge is incompatible with luck. More precisely: Knowledge is incompatible with epistemic luck . This is often treated as a truism which is not even in need of argumentative support. In this paper, I argue that there is lucky knowledge. In the first part, I use an intuitive and not very developed notion of luck to show that there are cases of knowledge which are “lucky” in that sense. In the second part, I look (...)
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  11. Ideas, Qualities and Corpuscles: Locke and Boyle on the External World.Peter Alexander - 1985 - New York: Cambridge University Press.
    This study presents a substantial and often radical reinterpretation of some of the central themes of Locke's thought. Professor Alexander concentrates on the Essay Concerning Human Understanding and aims to restore that to its proper historical context. In Part I he gives a clear exposition of some of the scientific theories of Robert Boyle, which, he argues, heavily influenced Locke in employing similar concepts and terminology. Against this background, he goes on in Part II to provide an account of Locke's (...)
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  12.  6
    Imagery and Consciousness.Peter Edwin Morris & Peter J. Hampson - 1983 - Academic Press.
    1. Imagery previewed -- 2. Philosophical and methodological problems -- 3. Consciousness -- 4. Types of imagery -- 5. Individual differences and dimensions of the image -- 6. Theories of imagery -- 7. Images and words: evidence for separate processing systems -- 8. Properties of the imagery system -- 9. Uses and functions of imagery -- 10. Imagery and memory: voluntary images -- 11. Imagery and memory: Aroused images -- 12. Conclusions and speculations.
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  13. Is There a Valid Experimental Argument for Scientific Realism?Peter Achinstein - 2002 - Journal of Philosophy 99 (9):470.
  14. Implications of Action-Oriented Paradigm Shifts in Cognitive Science.Peter F. Dominey, Tony J. Prescott, Jeannette Bohg, Andreas K. Engel, Shaun Gallagher, Tobias Heed, Matej Hoffmann, Gunther Knoblich, Wolfgang Prinz & Andrew Schwartz - 2016 - In Andreas K. Engel, Karl J. Friston & Danica Kragic, The Pragmatic Turn: Toward Action-Oriented Views in Cognitive Science. MIT Press. pp. 333-356.
    An action-oriented perspective changes the role of an individual from a passive observer to an actively engaged agent interacting in a closed loop with the world as well as with others. Cognition exists to serve action within a landscape that contains both. This chapter surveys this landscape and addresses the status of the pragmatic turn. Its potential influence on science and the study of cognition are considered (including perception, social cognition, social interaction, sensorimotor entrainment, and language acquisition) and its impact (...)
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  15. A Purely Recombinatorial Puzzle.Fritz Peter - 2017 - Noûs 51 (3):547-564.
    A new puzzle of modal recombination is presented which relies purely on resources of first-order modal logic. It shows that naive recombinatorial reasoning, which has previously been shown to be inconsistent with various assumptions concerning propositions, sets and classes, leads to inconsistency by itself. The context sensitivity of modal expressions is suggested as the source of the puzzle, and it is argued that it gives us reason to reconsider the assumption that the notion of metaphysical necessity is in good standing.
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  16. There's Something About Mary: Essays on Phenomenal Consciousness and Frank Jackson's Knowledge Argument.Peter Ludlow, Yujin Nagasawa & Daniel Stoljar (eds.) - 2004 - MIT Press.
    The arguments presented in this comprehensive collection have important implications for the philosophy of mind and the study of consciousness.
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  17.  62
    Model choice and crucial tests. On the empirical epistemology of the Higgs discovery.Peter Mättig & Michael Stöltzner - 2019 - Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part B: Studies in History and Philosophy of Modern Physics 65:73-96.
    : Our paper discusses the epistemic attitudes of particle physicists on the discovery of the Higgs boson at the Large Hadron Collider. It is based on questionnaires and interviews made shortly before and shortly after the discovery in 2012. We show, to begin with, that the discovery of a Standard Model Higgs boson was less expected than is sometimes assumed. Once the new particle was shown to have properties consistent with SM expectations – albeit with significant experimental uncertainties –, there (...)
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  18. The phenomenal concept strategy.Peter Carruthers & Benedicte Veillet - 2007 - Journal of Consciousness Studies 14 (9-10):212-236.
    A powerful reply to a range of familiar anti-physicalist arguments has recently been developed. According to this reply, our possession of phenomenal concepts can explain the facts that the anti-physicalist claims can only be explained by a non-reductive account of phenomenal consciousness. Chalmers (2006) argues that the phenomenal concept strategy is doomed to fail. This article presents the phenomenal concept strategy, Chalmers' argument against it, and a defence of the strategy against his.
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  19. (1 other version)Conscious thinking: Language or elimination?Peter Carruthers - 1998 - Mind and Language 13 (4):457-476.
    Do we conduct our conscious propositional thinking in natural language? Or is such language only peripherally related to human conscious thought-processes? In this paper I shall present a partial defence of the former view, by arguing that the only real alternative is eliminativism about conscious propositional thinking. Following some introductory remarks, I shall state the argument for this conclusion, and show how that conclusion can be true. Thereafter I shall defend each of the three main premises in turn.
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  20. Phenomenal concepts and higher-order experiences.Peter Carruthers - 2004 - Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 68 (2):316-336.
    Relying on a range of now-familiar thought-experiments, it has seemed to many philosophers that phenomenal consciousness is beyond the scope of reductive explanation. (Phenomenal consciousness is a form of state-consciousness, which contrasts with creature-consciousness, or perceptual-consciousness. The different forms of state-consciousness include various kinds of access-consciousness, both first-order and higher-order--see Rosenthal, 1986; Block, 1995; Lycan, 1996; Carruthers, 2000. Phenomenal consciousness is the property that mental states have when it is like something to possess them, or when they have subjectively-accessible feels; (...)
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  21.  20
    Secular Cycles.Peter Turchin & Sergey A. Nefedov - 2009 - Princeton University Press.
    The graphs present the data in a fashion that will be clear to any audience, and the text is straightforward and persuasive. This book carries the study of historical dynamics to a whole new level.
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  22. Does a Fetus Already have a Future-Like-Ours?Peter K. McInerney - 1990 - Journal of Philosophy 87 (5):264.
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  23. Science and Objectivity.Peter Kosso - 1989 - Journal of Philosophy 86 (5):245.
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  24. Block's Overflow Argument.Peter Carruthers - 2017 - Pacific Philosophical Quarterly:65-70.
    This article challenges Block's ‘overflow argument’ for the conclusion that phenomenal consciousness and access-consciousness are distinct. It shows that the data can be explained just as well in terms of a distinction between contents that are made globally accessible through bottom–up sensory stimulation and those that are sustained and made available in working memory through top-down attention.
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  25. Justified Belief from Unjustified Belief.Peter Murphy - 2017 - Pacific Philosophical Quarterly 98 (4):602-617.
    Under what conditions is a belief inferentially justified? A partial answer is found in Justification from Justification : a belief is inferentially justified only if all of the beliefs from which it is essentially inferred are justified. After reviewing some important features of JFJ, I offer a counterexample to it. Then I outline a positive suggestion for how to think about inferentially justified beliefs while still retaining a basing condition. I end by concluding that epistemologists need a model of inferentially (...)
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  26.  52
    Epistemology.Peter D. Klein - 1996 - In Edward Craig, Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy: Genealogy to Iqbal. New York: Routledge.
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  27. What Actually Exists.Peter Geach & Robert H. Stoothoff - 1968 - Aristotelian Society Supplementary Volume 42 (1):7-30.
  28. God, Totality and Possibility in Kant's Only Possible Argument.Peter Yong - 2014 - Kantian Review 19 (1):27-51.
    There has been a groundswell of interest in the account of modality that Kant sets forth in his pre-Critical Only Possible Argument. Andrew Chignell's reconstruction of Kant's theistic argument in terms of what he calls has a prima facie advantage in that it appears to be able to block the plurality objection (namely, that even if every modal fact presupposes some ground, this does not entail that all modal facts share the same ground). I argue that it is both textually (...)
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  29. Entity and Identity and Other Essays.Peter Strawson - 1997 - Tijdschrift Voor Filosofie 60 (1):197-197.
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  30.  56
    Determinism and Probability in Physics.Peter Clark & Jeremy Butterfield - 1987 - Aristotelian Society Supplementary Volume 61 (1):185-244.
  31. Can Panpsychism Bridge the Explanatory Gap?Peter Carruthers & Elizabeth Schechter - 2006 - Journal of Consciousness Studies 13 (10-11):32-39.
  32.  8
    Heidegger und der Mythos der jüdischen Weltverschwörung.Peter Trawny - 2014 - Frankfurt am Main: Klostermann.
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  33. Conscious experience versus conscious thought.Peter Carruthers - 2006 - In Uriah Kriegel & Kenneth Williford, Consciousness and Self-Reference. MIT Press.
    Are there different constraints on theories of conscious experience as against theories of conscious propositional thought? Is what is problematic or puzzling about each of these phenomena of the same, or of different, types? And to what extent is it plausible to think that either or both conscious experience and conscious thought involve some sort of selfreference? In pursuing these questions I shall also explore the prospects for a defensible form of eliminativism concerning conscious thinking, one that would leave the (...)
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  34. Imagination and the distorting power of emotion.Peter Goldie - 2005 - Journal of Consciousness Studies 12 (8-10):127-139.
    _In real life, emotions can distort practical reasoning, typically in ways that it is_ _difficult to realise at the time, or to envisage and plan for in advance. This fea-_ _ture of real life emotional experience raises difficulties for imagining such expe-_ _riences through centrally imagining, or imagining ‘from the inside’. I argue_ _instead for the important psychological role played by another kind of imagin-_ _ing: imagining from an external perspective. This external perspective can draw_ _on the dramatic irony involved (...)
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  35. Supervenience: The grand-property hypothesis.Peter Forrest - 1988 - Australasian Journal of Philosophy 66 (1):1-12.
    THE ARTICLE IS AN ATTACK ON THE MYSTERY OR REDUCTION DILEMMA FOR SUPERVENIENCE. THIS IS THE DILEMMA THAT EITHER SUPERVENIENCE IS MYSTERIOUS OR THE SUPERVENIENT IS REDUCIBLE TO THE SUBVENIENT. A NONMYSTERIOUS, NONREDUCTIVE ACCOUNT OF SUPERVENIENCE IS PROPOSED, BASED ON THE METAPHYSICAL SPECULATION THAT SUPERVENIENT TERMS AND PHRASES APPLY TO OBJECTS WHOSE INTRINSIC NATURES THEMSELVES HAVE AN APPROPRIATE PROPERTY. SINCE THIS IS A PROPERTY OF A NATURE IT IS A PROPERTY OF A PROPERTY, THAT IS, A GRAND-PROPERTY. SUPERVENIENCE FOLLOWS FROM (...)
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  36. Qualia and the Senses.Peter W. Ross - 2001 - Philosophical Quarterly 51 (205):495-511.
    How should we characterize the nature of perceptual experience? Some theorists claim that colour experiences, to take an example of perceptual experiences, have both intentional properties and properties called 'colour qualia', namely, mental qualitative properties which are what it is like to be conscious of colour. Since proponents of colour qualia hold that these mental properties cannot be explained in terms of causal relations, this position is in opposition to a functionalist characterization of colour experience.
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  37.  76
    The Death of Socrates and the Life of Philosophy: An Interpretation of Plato’s Phaedo.Peter J. Ahrensdorf - 1995 - State University of New York Press.
    Shows that the dialogue in Plato's Phaedo is primarily devoted to presenting Socrates' final defense of the philosophical life against the theoretical and political challenge of religion.
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  38. The Growing Block and What was Once Present.Peter Tan - 2022 - Erkenntnis 87 (6):2779-2800.
    According to the growing block ontology of time, there (tenselessly and unrestrictedly) exist past and present objects and events, but no future objects or events. The growing block is made attractive not just because of the attractiveness of its ontological basis for past-tensed truths, the past’s fixity, and future’s openness, but by underlying principles about the right way to fill in this sort of ontology. I shall argue that given these underlying views about the connection between truth and ontology, growing (...)
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  39. The logical form of determiners.Peter Ludlow - 1995 - Journal of Philosophical Logic 24 (1):47 - 69.
  40. The Myth of Human Language.Peter Ludlow - 2006 - Croatian Journal of Philosophy 6 (3):385-400.
    The author argues that the standard view about language, seen as fairly stable abstract system of communication, is a myth. Standard view is badly mistaken and the alternative picture is offered in which there is a core part of our linguistic competence that is fixed by biology and this provides a basic skeleton which is fleshed out in different ways on a conversion-by-conversation basis. Why certain people communicate with each other? The answer to this question is not because they speak (...)
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  41.  78
    C. S. Peirce on biological evolution and scientific progress.Peter Skagestad - 1979 - Synthese 41 (1):85 - 114.
  42.  48
    The preparatory set: a novel approach to understanding stress, trauma, and the bodymind therapies.Peter Payne & Mardi A. Crane-Godreau - 2015 - Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 9:128767.
    Basic to all motile life is a differential approach/avoid response to perceived features of environment. The stages of response are initial reflexive noticing and orienting to the stimulus, preparation, and execution of response. Preparation involves a coordination of many aspects of the organism: muscle tone, posture, breathing, autonomic functions, motivational/emotional state, attentional orientation and expectations. The organism organizes itself in relation to the challenge. We propose to call this the “preparatory set” (PS). We suggest that the concept of the PS (...)
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  43. Can images be rotated and inspected? A test of the pictorial medium theory.Peter Slezak - 1991 - Proceedings.
    images. But clearly, it only begs the deeper questions.
     
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  44.  42
    A comparison of two sleep spindle detection methods based on all night averages: individually adjusted vs. fixed frequencies.Péter Przemyslaw Ujma, Ferenc Gombos, Lisa Genzel, Boris Nikolai Konrad, Péter Simor, Axel Steiger, Martin Dresler & Róbert Bódizs - 2015 - Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 9:125229.
    Sleep spindles are frequently studied for their relationship with state and trait cognitive variables, and they are thought to play an important role in sleep-related memory consolidation. Due to their frequent occurrence in NREM sleep, the detection of sleep spindles is only feasible using automatic algorithms, of which a large number is available. We compared subject averages of the spindle parameters computed by a fixed frequency (11-13 Hz for slow spindles, 13-15 Hz for fast spindles) automatic detection algorithm and the (...)
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  45.  89
    On experience and the development of the understanding.Peter K. Unger - 1966 - American Philosophical Quarterly 3 (1):48-56.
  46.  99
    The phantom limb in dreams☆.Peter Brugger - 2008 - Consciousness and Cognition 17 (4):1272-1278.
    Mulder and colleagues [Mulder, T., Hochstenbach, J., Dijkstra, P. U., Geertzen, J. H. B. . Born to adapt, but not in your dreams. Consciousness and Cognition, 17, 1266–1271.] report that a majority of amputees continue to experience a normally-limbed body during their night dreams. They interprete this observation as a failure of the body schema to adapt to the new body shape. The present note does not question this interpretation, but points to the already existing literature on the phenomenology of (...)
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  47. (1 other version)Reductive explanation and the "explanatory gap".Peter Carruthers - 2004 - Canadian Journal of Philosophy 34 (2):153-174.
    Can phenomenal consciousness be given a reductive natural explanation? Exponents of an.
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  48. Wollheim on emotion and imagination.Peter Goldie - 2006 - Philosophical Studies 127 (1):1-17.
  49. 1 Accounts of Assertoric Force.Peter Pagin - 2011 - In Jessica Brown & Herman Cappelen, Assertion: New Philosophical Essays. Oxford, GB: Oxford University Press. pp. 97.
     
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  50.  50
    The fallibility of first-person knowledge of intentionality.Peter Ludlow & Norah Martin - 1993 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 16 (1):60-60.
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