This is the result of research financed by PROCIENCIA-CONCYTEC, whose objective is to analyze the rural communication forms in the processes of productive innovation and the positioning of the aguaymanto as a native product of the Peruvian Andes, to propose communication strategies in rural sectors of Arequipa, physalis peruviana is a fruit of Andean origin, whose properties and characteristics surpass other similar fruits; the method of analysis is qualitative-quantitative, of the correlational, transectional type, the exploration is carried out in five (...) rural districts of Arequipa, applying 125 surveys and 10 interviews. (shrink)

Social representations can be conveyed through language, which expresses a construction of the reality. Assuming the complex task of analyzing the results of a qualitative study, this article exposes from a structuralist approach, a proposal to analyze and construct social representations from the central core theory. Thus validate in methodological terms, a way to graphically express results for a holistic analysis and interpretation of these central and peripheral notions. The proposal is elaborated for application in studies with primary sources such (...) as interviews and their treatment through a content analysis. (shrink)

The first version of this piece was written for the opening panel of the 2017 Conference of the Association for Feminist Ethics and Social Theory in Florida. The panel, “Decolonial Feminism: Theories and Praxis,” offered the opportunity for Black and Latinx feminist philosophers and decolonial scholars to consider their arrival to decolonial feminisms, their various points of emergence, and the utility of decolonial politics for liberation movements and organizing. I was prepared to discuss some genealogies of US Latina decolonial feminisms (...) with a focus on the relationship of decolonial feminisms to other feminist articulations—for example, a consideration of the relation and divergence between decolonial and postcolonial feminism. I was particularly interested in examining some of the “decolonizing constellations of resistance and love” created by Black, Indigenous, Latinx feminisms. I wanted to track the intergenerational labor of relationality as a part of women of color politics and to discuss how these politics unseat coloniality in its variant iterations. (shrink)

The use of artificial intelligence (AI) in hiring entails vast ethical challenges. As such, using an ethical lens to study this phenomenon is to better understand whether and how AI matters in hiring. In this paper, we examine whether ethical perceptions of using AI in the hiring process influence individuals’ trust in the organizations that use it. Building on the organizational trust model and the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology, we explore whether ethical perceptions are shaped by (...) individual differences in performance expectancy and social influence and how they, in turn, impact organizational trust. We collected primary data from over 300 individuals who were either active job seekers or who had recent hiring experience to capture perceptions across the full range of hiring methods. Our findings indicate that performance expectancy, but not social influence, impacts the ethical perceptions of AI in hiring, which in turn influence organizational trust. Additional analyses indicate that these findings vary depending on the type of hiring methods AI is used for, as well as on whether participants are job seekers or individuals with hiring experience. Our study offers theoretical and practical implications for ethics in HRM and informs policy implementation about when and how to use AI in hiring methods, especially as it pertains to acting ethically and trustworthily. (shrink)

In this pioneering new book, Sandra Harding and Robert Figueroa bring together an important collection of original essays by leading philosophers exploring an extensive range of diversity issues for the philosophy of science and technology. The essays gathered in this volume extend current philosophical discussion of science and technology beyond the standard feminist and gender analyses that have flourished over the past two decades, by bringing a thorough and truly diverse set of cultural, racial, and ethical concerns to bear (...) on questioning in these areas. Science and Other Cultures charts important new directions in ongoing discussions of science and technology, and makes a significant contribution to both scholarly and teaching resources available in the field. (shrink)

Recent decades have brought environmental justice studies to a much broader analysis and new areas of concern. We take this increased depth and breadth of environmental justice further by considering restorative justice, with a particular emphasis on reconciliation efforts between indigenous and non-indigenous citizens. Our focus is on the reconciliation efforts taken by the indigenous/non-indigenous jointmanagement structure of Uluṟu-Kata Tjuṯa National Park. Usinga framework of restorative justice within a bivalent environmental justice approach, we consider the current management policies at the (...) Park, particularly as it pertains to the controversial climb of the rock, Uluṟu. Our exploration of restorative environmental justice depends upon narrative analysis of embodied ecotourism affects in order to determine the capacity and obstacles of reconciliation efforts in the current management policy. Interviews with tourists from the Greater Sydney Metropolitan Area supply us with cases that provide affective experiences and a postcolonial narrative analysis of touring practices that we argue are imbued with nationalism and colonial naturalism that must be transformed in order to meet the requests of the Park’s traditional indigenous owners. We argue that restorative justice, within a bivalent environmental justice framework that already emphasizes other distributive and recognition measures, is vital for overcoming these obstacles for Australian environmental heritage. (shrink)

This work analyzes how the internal point of view, which represents the perspective of the participant in the legal domain, can be understood within a Hartian framework. It critically examines how legal conventionalism has dealt with this issue. In particular, it criticizes the way in which contemporary conventionalists represent the perspective of participants in legal practice on the basis of cognitive mental states. It also criticizes the way in which they understand how the rule of recognition constitutes the practice. To (...) address these problems, a model based on the philosophy of recognition is presented, showing how its historicity and the way it understands conflict may help to represent the participants' perspective from a practical point of view. (shrink)

This paper describes a scenario-based methodology called the NeOn Methodology framework. The aim of this framework is to speed up the construction of ontologies and ontology networks by reu...

Bioethics has become a field of new challenges for Ibero-America and the Caribbean. A seeming uniformity in the region hides a rich heterogeneous society. A brief survey of bioethical developments in different Ibero- American countries is provided as well as the bioethical problems and approaches peculiar to the region. Some of the unique features of bioethics in this region, it is suggested, could infuse new life into the U.S. and European bioethics discussion. Finally, a bibliography of Ibero-American bioethics literature is (...) provided for North American and European readers. (shrink)

En Self-Constitution. Agency, Identity, and Integrity (2009), Christine Korsgaard defiende la conclusión de que el imperativo categórico rige la acción humana porque es el único principio que permite alcanzar la unidad psíquica plena, la cual, según Korsgaard, es un prerrequisito esencial para la acción efectiva. Para los agentes humanos, alcanzar esa unidad -que consiste en hacer coherentes distintos impulsos hacia la acción- es una actividad constante, denominada "autoconstitución". De acuerdo con Korsgaard, ésta es la fuente originaria de la normatividad y (...) de las identidades prácticas e incluso de la identidad personal. Después de exponer las ideas centrales del libro, presento dos objeciones: primero, critico la equiparación del imperativo categórico con la autoconstitución exitosa, pues no toda falla de auto-constitución es una falla moral. Segundo, argumento que la tesis de que la identidad personal es producto de la autoconstitución es problemática y que, al defenderla, Korsgaard confunde identidad práctica con identidad personal. In Self-Constitution. Agency, Identity, and Integrity (2009), Christine Korsgaard argues that the categorical imperative rules human action because it is the sole principle that allows us to reach the complete psychic unity that, Korsgaard thinks, is an essential prerequisite for effective action. Reaching this unity -which consists in making cohere diverging impulses for action- is for human agents a constant activity called "self-constitution." According to Korsgaard, this activity is the source of normativity, of human practical identities and even of personal identity. After explaining the main ideas of the book, I present two objections. First, I criticize the linkage of the categorical imperative to successful self-constitution, for not every failure of the latter counts as a moral failure. Second, I argue that the thesis that personal identity is a product of self-constitution is problematic and that it betrays a confusion between practical identity and personal identity. (shrink)

Este artículo muestra que la preocupación filosófica sobre la violencia está presente en más de un momento en la obra de Jorge Millas y que su ensayo "Las máscaras filosóficas de la violencia" expresa una reflexión sobre este fenómeno que destaca por su hondura y penetración crítica. El análisis del declive ideológico que verifican algunas filosofías proporcionando argumentaciones teóricas que enmascaran o justifican la violencia con propósitos instrumentales, junto al privilegio de la perspectiva de las víctimas al momento de comprender (...) y valorar el hecho violento, son los ejes privilegiados en la presentación y ponderación de la postura de Millas. This article shows that the philosophical concern about violence is present more than once in Jorge Millas' work and that his essay Las máscaras filosóficas de la violencia expresses a reflection on this phenomenon that stands out for its depth and critical insight. The analysis of the ideological decline, verified by some philosophies that provide theoretical arguments which mask or justify violence with instrumental purposes, along with the privilege of the victims' perspective at the time of comprehending and assessing the violent act, are the privileged axes in the presentation and consideration of Millas' stance. (shrink)

This book explores how Puerto Rico’s affective archive of Caribbean relations, comprised of historical-political figures and communitarian, activist, and artistic work, has envisioned and embodied decolonization and sovereignty in relation to the archipelagic and the sea, thus furthering emancipatory and reparatory horizons.

Uno de los factores fundamentales para comprender la problemática de la paz es el de la memoria. Un presupuesto de este artículo es que dicha memoria se realiza en el lenguaje, especialmente en el lenguaje articulado, que es el medio por el que se hace púbica y se despliega, no sólo la expresión de un pasado, sino también las perspectivas que orientan nuestras argumentaciones para el presente y el futuro. Cuando hablo de lenguaje, propongo que de lo que se trata, (...) no son sólo de palabras, sino de sintagmas, es decir del habla desplegada en una época, y en contextos biográficos y comunidades interpretativas de cada uno y de cada comunidad. Dos factores a considerar en esta definición de nociones, categorías y conceptos son lo imaginario y la ideología, que están relacionados con la educación y las condiciones de vida, colectivas e individuales.Otro asunto que hay que considerar son los contextos o niveles de diversa escala y poder, entre ellos, los contextos contemporáneos, es decir la escala macro-estructural ─escala preferida de quienes piensan que la paz no es posible─, que interviene decisivamente en la formulación de las posibilidades no sólo de la paz, sino de la memorialización, la que puede ser sometida a políticas públicas y privadas de diverso alcance.En este artículo se abordan los problemas asociados a las posibilidades de formulación de las políticas de paz en su nivel intermedio, es decir las que median entre las escalas macro y micro, con especial énfasis en las últimas, que es donde la memoria, la acción colectiva y la autoreflexividad pueden aportar. (shrink)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Two dimensions of environmental justice Domestic environmental justice in the United States Global environmental justice Conclusions.

Prosocial crowdfunding was originally conceived as a financial mechanism to assist vulnerable unbanked populations, typically excluded from formal financial markets. It subsequently grew into a billion-dollar scheme (Kiva 2020a, https://www.kiva.org/blog/1-billion-in-life-changing-loans ) in the multi-billion-dollar crowdfunding industry. However, recent evidence claims prosocial crowdfunding may be shifting away from its goal to support the poor and underserved. Drawing on a composite social responsibility and framing theory framework, we examine the role that vulnerability plays in successfully raising funds in a prosocial crowdfunding context. (...) We conduct multilevel logistic regressions on a sample of microloans allocated to 105,727 ventures in 64 countries. Our results indicate that applying for funds through a field partner which caters to vulnerable populations may in fact have a negative effect on the entrepreneur’s request to be fully funded. Notwithstanding, framing the entrepreneur as being female or rural as key characteristics of individual vulnerability increases the project’s likelihood to be fully funded. This conflict offers noteworthy theoretical and practical implications for ethics in prosocial crowdfunding, an understudied field of research. (shrink)

Resumen: De acuerdo con los principales enfoques al respecto (Sexto, Diógenes Laercio, Galeno, B.Mates, Long, Bochenski, Lukasiewicz) la lógica (dialéctica) de los estoicos es principalmente un sistema deductivo, lo que, en términos actuales, ha sido visto como un sistema de lógica proposicional. La obra de Crísipo acerca de los cinco argumentos indemostrables constituye la principal base de dicho sistema. En este artículo se examina la naturaleza de dichos cinco indemostrables así como el llamando teorema de Antipatro y los esquemas básicos (...) de inferencia, o zemas. Por otra parte y en particular, sostengo que dichos argumentos indemostrables tienen otro importante rol para la filosofía y la historia de la lógica, cual es el de constituirse en una justificación de la deducción, un problema central en el presente. Se analiza, primero, la justificación por los indemostrables y por el principio de condicionalización y, segundo, la justificación cognitiva de la lógica implícita en un sistema estoico.Palabras clave: Crísipo de Solós; lógica; indemostrable; justificación; validez. (shrink)

This anthology brings together extracts that come from a wide variety of sources and that illustrate Western thought on the subject of humour and laughter from Antiquity to Late Modernity. The selection of texts is comprehensive, historically representative, and original, and includes writings from more than 40 different authors.

This article examines the application of the ought‐implies‐can principle in the legal domain, especially in the relationship between obligations and responsibility. It addresses the challenge of cases in which an agent cannot do what is required of her, and yet it seems plausible to say that she has an obligation. To deal with these cases, two parallel distinctions are made: between rules of conduct and rules of imputation, and between doings and things done. It is proposed that these distinctions show (...) that the principle operates in two different but complementary ways: as part of prescriptive relations and as part of responsibility practices. (shrink)

With a focus on appearance and racialised perceptions of skin colour, this paper discusses the differences between being and feeling acceptable, pretty or ugly and the possibility of such displacement (from being to feeling or vice versa), as a way to understand what beauty does in people’s lives. The paper explores the fragility of beauty in relation to the visibility of the body in specific racialised contexts. It investigates the claim that beauty can be considered a feeling that emphasises processes (...) (what beauty does) rather than contents (what beauty is). Drawing from life stories with Mexican women, I examine their concerns about visibility, temporality and appearance as expressions of racist practices and ideas, within a context where the racial project of mestizaje (racial mixture) is in operation. Beauty matters as it makes evident the pervasiveness of racism in the everyday. The lived experience of beauty, in its displacement and fragility, as a feeling and as resource, can also point to some of the strategies to resist, cope and get on. (shrink)

This article argues that current data for the safety and efficacy of fecal microbiota transplants as a treatment for any indication, including recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection, is low-quality. It develops a governance proposal that encourages production of high-quality evidence by incentivizing well-designed RCTs of stool and stoolderived microbial products. The proposal would require that FDA change its current enforcement approach, but it would not require any change in statutes or regulations.

Karl Rahner: quehacer teológico, necesidad del cambio, mirada renovada a Tomás de Aquino, Antropología transcendental, condiciones antropológicas de la escucha de la Palabra.

El objetivo de este artículo es mostrar que el marco conceptual que reduce la psiquiatría a una ciencia empírica, dejando al margen a la filosofía, es claramente insuficiente. Para ello se recupera la propuesta del psiquiatra Kurt Schneider y se muesran sus paralelos con fenomenólogos como Edmund Husserl o Max Scheler. El artículo se centra en la distinción entre motivo y causa, que es fundamental en la definición de neurosis y psicosis, y que es también el núcleo de la argumentación (...) de Husserl cuando aboga por la “actitud personalista”, frente a la “actitud naturalista”. (shrink)

Prólogo del Che al proyecto de libro sobre economía política -- Teoría general de la transición socialista -- Cuba : de la liberación nacional a la construcción del socialismo -- Transición extraordinaria del capitalismo al socialismo en Cuba.

Resumen Valparaíso es un ejemplo paradigmático de las crisis e inestabilidades del capitalismo y de la modernización latinoamericana durante los siglos XIX y XX. Su historia de riqueza, segregación, cosmopolitismo y decadencia, se proyecta en la escritura respecto de la ciudad, que problematizamos a partir de los conceptos de desterritorialización y extrañamiento, ya que percibimos una presencia importante de autores extranjeros y afuerinos en la producción literaria porteña. Para analizar la elaboración textual de unas subjetividades cuyos referentes y marcos culturales (...) se tensionan en Valparaíso, proponemos siete períodos: 1) de los viajeros ilustrados; 2) de los debates fundacionales; 3) del modernismo y la poesía social; 4) de las vanguardias expresionista e imaginista; 5) de la novela social; 6) de la novela del aprovinciamiento; 7) y de la poesía del exilio, en que el proceso se invierte y algunos poetas porteños escriben acerca de Valparaíso en el extranjero.Valparaíso is a paradigmatic example of Capitalism's crisis and instabilities and of Latin American modernization during the XIX and XX centuries. Its history of wealth, segregation, cosmopolitism, and decadence is projected in the writings about the city, which we problematize based on the concepts of deterritorialization and alienation, since we perceive a significant presence of foreign and outsider authors in the literary production of Valparaíso. To analyze the textual elaboration of some subjectivities whose points of reference and cultural frameworks are tensioned in Valparaíso, we propose seven periods: 1) the enlightenment travellers; 2) the foundational debates; 3) modernism and social poetry; 4) the expressionist and imaginist vanguards; 5) the social novel; 6) the provincial novel; 7) and the poetry of exile, where the process reverses and some local poets write about Valparaíso while overseas. (shrink)

Travel writing is characterized by a narrative discourse that describes landscapes, transforms adventure into a mythical journey and reveals the fears of humankind. The sea gathers momentum when the protagonists overcome the fear of death. However, the significance of the tune of sea songs has not been adequately highlighted, being relegated as side special effects that embellish the narration. The aim of this paper is to analyze the symbolical element of the songs to foreground its function in sea travel writing (...) in the English and American fiction from the 18th to the 21st century accounts, and their symbolic implication. (shrink)

En este ensayo se destaca fundamentalmente las aportaciones de T.S. Kuhn, quien al aproximarse al conocimiento científico a partir del quehacer o práctica científica, observando a los observadores científicos, apunta a dos aspectos centrales sobre el cambio radical que ha experimentado la concep..

1964 fue un año resolutivo en el arranque del proceso aplicativo de la reforma litúrgica. Aunque estos inicios han sido ampliamente estudiados por liturgistas e historiadores del concilio, el acceso a nuevas fuentes documentales pone a disposición de los investigadores un material que sirve para completar, complementar, enriquecer y abrir nuevas pistas a los trabajos realizados hasta la fecha. Es el caso del archivo personal de Jorge Medina, en el que se encuentran catalogados diversos documentos, los que contienen material relativo, (...) tanto al complejo trayecto de la actuación de la reforma litúrgica como a la primera recepción y aplicación de la constitución Sacrosanctum concilium en Chile. A la luz de esta documentación inédita, este trabajo, que tiene como telón de fondo la publicación del motu proprio Sacram Liturgiam, estudia las propuestas que, en materia litúrgica, el episcopado chileno elevó a la santa sede para poner en marcha la reforma en el país. (shrink)

Crowdfunding platforms have revolutionized entrepreneurial finance, with 200 billion dollars expected to be dispersed annually to entrepreneurs and small business owners by 2020. Despite the importance of this growing phenomenon, our knowledge of the dynamics of successful lending-based prosocial crowdfunding and its implications for the business ethics literature remain limited. We use a social responsibility lens to examine whether crowdfunders on a lending-based prosocial platform lend their money based on altruistic or strategic motives. Our results indicate that the dynamics of (...) prosocial lending-based crowdfunding are somewhat consistent with traditional forms of financing. Specifically, despite a prosocial setting in nature, crowdfunders tend to act strategically, positively responding to signals of quality and low risk. Notably, we also find that projects that are high on both financial and social appeal receive the highest average amount of funding. Furthermore, language on the lender’s profile indicating ability to pay is positively related to both funding success and funding amount. Our study contributes to filling the gap in the business ethics literature about the dynamics of lending-based prosocial crowdfunding, and the strategic and altruistic ethical motives that drive lenders in such endeavors. (shrink)

A la memoria del maestro/filósofo Álvaro B. Márquez-Fernández La necesidad de seguir promoviendo temas “no” vistos de forma positiva por los grupos cerrados del poder, y aquellos que han hecho de la academia grupúsculos tradicionales, sistémicos y funcionales a los intereses de los de arriba, se constituye en una apuesta de ir a contracorriente de esos tipos de historias y asumir un compromiso ético-político en función de las luchas, los sentimientos y las emociones de los grupos de abajo.

Este artículo explora las mutuas relaciones entre teoría del Derecho y teoría de la legislación en la actualidad. A partir de la constatación de tres exigencias recurrentes —mayor atención a la legislación por parte de una teoría del Derecho tradicionalmente centrada en la adjudicación, desarrollo de una teoría de la argumentación específ ica para el ámbito de la legislación y mayor relevancia del control ético de la legislación— se subrayarán los presupuestos positivistas que inspiran la teoría de la legislación desde (...) los escritos de Bentham y se sugerirá la necesidad de adaptar la teoría de la legislación a los planteamientos del llamado neoconstitucionalismo. (shrink)

Es característica de las instituciones de educación superior de calidad desarrollar una pedagogía del cambio. A partir de 1999 se estableció por la Oficina Regional de Educación para América Latina y el Caribe un programa de la red de liderazgo educativo para formar una masa crítica de profesionales de la educación, precursores en liderazgo transformacional. El artículo que se presenta tiene entre sus propósitos valorar las tendencias contemporáneas de la superación en liderazgo docente en Latinoamérica, así como de los principales (...) modelos y teorías donde se incluye además, una estimación de los diversos estilos de liderazgo y su importancia para el logro de un rol transformador en el docente de la educación superior. Quality higher education institutions have the characteristic to develop a pedagogy of change. Since 1999, the Education Regional Office for Latin America and the Caribbean established a program of the educative leadership net, in order to create a critical group of professionals of the educative system, pioneers in transformational leadership. One of the main purposes of the following article is to assess contemporary trends of the bettering processes in teaching leadership in Latin America, as well as, the main models and theories. The different types of leadership are estimated and also their importance for the development of a transformer role of the teaching personnel in higher education. (shrink)

La educación universitaria enfrenta grandes desafíos como el de gestionar el cambio que se ajuste a las demandas de la sociedad contemporánea. Una de las formas para sensibilizar al mundo académico y facilitar la innovación es la evaluación y la autoevaluación. En este trabajo se realizó un análisis tendencial de los diversos enfoques y modelos del proceso de evaluación y autoevaluación institucional; así como de las propensiones actuales del proceso autoevaluativo de las instituciones de la educación superior a través del (...) concepto de calidad. One of the biggest challenges that University education faces nowadays, is to manage the corresponding changes that our contemporary society demands. A way to sensitize the academic world and to make innovation easier is through assessment and self-appraisal. This research work carried out a tendentious analysis of the different approaches and models of the institutional assessment and self-appraisal processes; as well as, of the current tendencies of the institutional self-appraisal process in higher education, by analyzing the concept of quality. (shrink)

En reseña de: Llano Alonso, Fernando. El gobierno de la razón: la filosofía jurídico-política de Marco Tulio Cicerón (prólogo de Alfonso Castro Sáenz), Thomson Reuters-Aranzadi, Cizur Menor, Madrid, 2017Este trabajo refleja las ideas esenciales del libro de Fernando LLano, "El gobierno de la razón" sobre el pensamiento jurídico-político de Cicerón. También formula algunas observaciones más o menos críticas al objeto de invitar a su lectura.Cic.