Need for closure is a construct that describes a motivational tendency to quickly select and prioritize information in the environment. Such tendencies can affect the process of negotiations, and so the quality of their outcome. The rigidity that accompanies high need for closure can lead to less openness to proposals that benefit one’s partner, and to solutions that are less optimal. We conducted a study in which 34 pairs of individuals negotiated. Pairs were matched in terms of need for closure (...) and gender. We found that need for closure affected subjective evaluations of certain aspects of the negotiation process. Participants with low need for closure were more likely to indicate that they and their partners sought win-win solutions during the negotiation. This led to a greater sense of process fairness for the negotiation. These results can be taken into consideration when teaching negotiations, and when planning real-life negotiations. (shrink)

The article presents a thought experiment aimed at indicating a possibility for thinking education beyond the logic of progress. In its first part, the argument reconstructs the entanglement of the modern idea of progress (as found in Francis Bacon and Comenius) and education, while tracking down the specific coupling of obedience and conquest at work. Through such an analysis a link between the ideas of progress and of emancipation is determined, which leads to the acknowledgement of the difficulty of the (...) task of imagining education outside of the logic of progress. In the second part an attempt is made to match this task by suggesting that when studying with a teacher, the logic of progress is deactivated. A phenomenological analysis of the practices involved in studying with a teacher points to a specific way of living together that such a collective study involves. This way of living together is formed by continual exercises in the humble equality realized through shared attention to something worthy of study: this stems from attentiveness to what exists, and it develops an attitude of care and respect for being as such. (shrink)

This article argues that if contemporary philosophical counseling wishes to perpetuate the spirit of ancient philosophy, it must also incorporate metaphysics. This kind of incorporation means, among other things, regarding as essential the implementation of the meditation practices of certain historical schools of philosophy. Meditation was an inherent feature not only of Eastern schools of thought, but also within Western philosophy. These practices lead to a psychophysical state, known as ataraxia, which causes the perception of reality to undergo a radical (...) change, including occasional “altered states of consciousness,” as they are known by psychology. The author calls such practices “live metaphysics.” He also maintains that, without the inclusion of such metaphysical practices, philosophical counselling and coaching lose their eudemonic character and become a means of hedonistic gratification in the service of the liberated ego of the contemporary man. (shrink)

Basing itself on Edith Stein's research into philosophy of psychology and the humanities, this article focuses particularly on discussions of the theory of association. Stein's approach, rooted in Husserlian phenomenological perspective, seems to represent a significant contribution to the establish of an intellectual framework for the exploration of the philosophy of consciousness, and also seems helpful for inquiries into the issue pf practical know-how pertaining to remembering things, as well as the use of schemata in intellectual activity generally.

The expression “moral experience”, along with the concomitant notion of experience itself, seems to have been understood in divergent ways. Taking as a background three views currently operative in our culture - emotivism, the ethics of duty, and the notion of an ethics “beyond good and evil” - a conception of ethical experience will be presented based on the findings of Edith Stein as elaborated in her work "Philosophy of Psychology and the Humanities".

This paper develops a proof theory for logical forms of proofs in the case of monadic languages. Among the consequences are different kinds of generalization of proofs in various schematic proof systems. The results use suitable relations between logical properties of partial proof data and algebraic properties of corresponding sets of linear diophantine equations.

The uniqueness of Edith Stein’s approach to lived experience emerges only in light of intentionality as reasonableness. The “personal touch” or authentic affectivity means in this context one’s own “living body” in regard to a threefold dimension of the human experiencing: the personal, the humanistic, and the spiritual, and seems to echo those of Immanuel Kant’s, i.e., the soul, the world and God. Consequently, not whatever kind of own’s commitment is at stake. Moreover, no less important is the role of (...) community and its various types. For sure, Stein’s genuine account is found in dialogue with the phenomenologists of her time. It paves the way toward a community of life and life itself. Therefore, it seems to be possible to some extend to accord Stein’s account with contemporary discussions of the meaning of life and “a fundamental transformation of human existence.”. (shrink)

Should we approach the lived experience and/or understand the other with the sense of things? If this is the case, how are we to treat the human experience par excellence? Paradoxically, Edith Stein gives a fresh meaning to the Husserlian term “leiblicheSelbstgegebenheit.” In contrast to Max Scheler’s account, she develops the “persönliche Note” criterion of authenticity. And against Maetin Heidegger’s existential philosophy, a concern for human existence itself resonates. Based on these three dimensions, this article discusses the idea of “the (...) lived experience” according to Edith Stein, that is, the human experience contemplated by the humanities. -------------------------- Received: 03/02/2023. Reviewed: 16/03/2023. Accepted: 30/03/2023. (shrink)

The paper concerns the origin and early stage of development of the Center for Interdisciplinary Studies at the Pontifical Academy of Theology in Kraków. Center for Interdisciplinary Studies was founded by Michał Heller and Józef Życiński in the late 1970s. It was an informal institution which focused on conducting scientific activity in the area of philosophy of nature, relationship between mathematical & natural sciences and philosophy, history of science, as well as relationships between science and religion. In this paper I (...) would like to present how this institution developed, I will discuss various forms of its activity and discuss—very generally—what kind of philosophy was promoted by M. Heller, J. Życiński as well as their pupils and close associates. An important part of the paper will also concern the Center for Interdisciplinary Studies as a unique institution, which has developed—in difficult historical period in Poland—philosophical research in the spirit of freedom and respect for the new achievements of science, and also promoted interdisciplinary dialogue between scientists and philosophers. (shrink)

Bez wątpienia, Peirce nie oferuje w swoim pismach jasnego ujęcia koncepcji przekonania, a jego poglądy, ewoluujące w ciągu całego życia, nie wydają się prowadzić do wyraźnej konkluzji. Niemniej jednak pozostaje autorem inspirującym, który pozosta- wił trwałe osiągnięcia na gruncie logiki symbolicznej i semiotyki. Metoda hermeneutyczna, którą zastosowaliśmy w tej pracy, miała na celu, w zgodzie z jego własną wskazówką metodyczną, ukazanie koncepcji przekonania, którą można by uzgodnić z dostępnymi stwierdzeniami samego Peirce’a, jak również jego komentatorów.

The main objective of the paper is to present a model of the good practices of deliberative cooperation in a parliamentary setting. This goal is achieved through applying the three functions of the deliberative system—epistemic, ethical and democratic —to an analysis of cooperation between different stakeholders during the work of a Polish Parliamentary Subcommittee. They are used as an evaluative tool for analysing the cooperation of MPs, members of the public and representatives of the government. The paper analyses a concrete (...) example of the work of the Permanent Subcommittee on the government bill amending the Act on Public Benefit Activity and Voluntary Work in the Polish Parliament. This concrete example is presented as a model of good practices when it comes to deliberative cooperation between representatives of the authorities and citizens aiming at the development of shared practical judgement. The paper consists of three parts. In the first, a systemic approach to deliberative democracy is briefly introduced, and the history of the work on the bill is outlined. The main part consists of an analysis of the three speeches of three main stakeholders in the legislative process, from the perspective of their view of legislative deliberations, and in terms of the three functions of deliberative system. In the conclusions, four main issues are analysed with reference to the presented legislative deliberations: 1. Legislative committees as mixed deliberative spheres; 2. Internal/external deliberation; 3. The distinction between stakeholders/ordinary citizens; and 4. Deliberative stance/deliberative mindset. (shrink)

We present several naturally defined σ-ideals which have Borel bases but, unlike for the classical examples, these ideals are not of bounded Borel complexity. We investigate set-theoretic properties of such σ-ideals.

The aim of this article is to analyse the issue of “weak separatism” in Latin America as well as to give an answer to the question why there are no significant separatist movements in this region. The authors provide the definitions of separatism and secessionism as well as an explanation of these phenomena. Moreover, they present an overview of historical and contemporary separatist movements in Latin America. Based on Horowitz’s theory of ethnic separatism, the authors attempt to analyse the separatist (...) movement “The South is My Country” in Brazil and compare it with separatism in Catalonia in Spain, where a referendum on independence from Spain was held in 2017, serving as an impetus for a similar referendum that took place in the South of Brazil. In spite of similar goals of these two separatist movements, the authors argue that there are significant differences in their nature, which are determined by the history and culture of the respective countries. (shrink)

The paper discusses a relatively underexamined element of Wittgenstein’s philosophy of mathematics associated with his critique of set theory. I outline Wittgenstein’s objections to the theories of Dedekind and Cantor, including the confounding of extension and intension, the faulty definition of the infinite set as infinite extension and the critique of Cantor’s diagonal proof. One of Wittgenstein’s major objections to set theory was that the concept of the size of infinite sets, which Cantor expressed by means of symbols אₒ and (...) c, had no application, i.e. that there was no grammatical technique that could show how such expressions were to be used. Notions of set theory are, so to speak, exterior – they find themselves outdoors, outside of what we usually do. They form a discourse that takes us beyond the horizon of everydayness and commonality. They are like an engine idling of the language of mathematics. (shrink)

This paper studies some normative relations that hold between actions, their preconditions and their effects, with particular attention to connecting what are often called ‘ought to be’ norms with ‘ought to do’ norms. We use a formal model based on a form of transition system called a ‘coloured labelled transition system’ (coloured LTS) introduced in a series of papers by Sergot and Craven. Those works have variously presented a formalism (an ‘action language’) nC+ for defining and computing with a (coloured) (...) LTS, and another, separate formalism, a modal language interpreted on a (coloured) LTS used to express its properties. We consolidate these two strands. Instead of specifying the obligatory and prohibited states and transitions as part of the construction of a coloured LTS as in nC+, we represent norms in the modal language and use those to construct a coloured LTS from a given regular (uncoloured) one. We also show how connections between norms on states and norms on transitions previously treated as fixed constraints of a coloured LTS can instead be defined within the modal language used for representing norms. (shrink)

Artykuł ma na celu przeanalizowanie zmian zachodzących w percepcji obiektów militarnych wraz z ich rozwojem w ujęciu historycznym, a także poszukiwanie odpowiedzi na pytanie o możliwości analizy takich obiektów w kontekście piękna architektury. Pretekstem do zadania takich pytań były przeprowadzone przez autora prace wykopaliskowe na terenie jednej z pierwszych w Europie fortyfikacji nowożytnych, czyli wrocławskiego bastionu Kleszczowego. Aby na nie odpowiedzieć, przeanalizowano – pod kątem piękna i symboliki – średniowieczne budowle obronne, uwzględniając zmianę ich roli w czasie. Następnie podobnej analizie (...) poddano bastion Kleszczowy jako przykład fortyfikacji nowożytnej. Efektem tych działań było wykazanie, że rozpatrywanie nowożytnych obiektów militarnych w kontekście piękna architektury jest możliwe, jednak zdecydowanie trudniejsze i wymagające zastosowania innych koncepcji piękna. (shrink)

Inspiracją do napisania niniejszego artykułu były rozdziały V–VII książki Ryszarda Kleszcza Logika, metafilozofia, wszechmoc. Siedem studiów filozoficznych (2021), dotyczące tej części metafizyki, którą w terminologii scholastycznejokreślano jako filozofię Boga, a obecnie umiejscawia się ją w obrębie teologii filozoficznej lub filozofii religii. Koncentruję się na trzech pytaniach: 1) jak odróżnić badania w zakresie filozofii religii od badań w naukach o religii; 2) czy typowe dla znacznej liczby filozofów religii ograniczanie badań do monoteizmu w największych religiach świata, a w kwestiach bardziej szczegółowych (...) do chrześcijaństwa, można przekonująco uzasadnić bez ujawniania ich własnych przekonań w sprawie religii; 3) czy klasyczny teizm stanowi właściwą artykulację chrześcijańskiego znaczenia słowa „Bóg”. W odpowiedzi na pierwsze pytanie twierdzę, że filozofem religii jest ten, kto bezpośrednio lub pośrednio zajmuje pozytywne lub negatywne stanowisko w sprawie kognitywnego charakteru, a zwłaszcza prawdziwości (Kleszcz wolałby powiedzieć: „uzasadnienia”) wierzeń czy doświadczeń religijnych. Na drugie pytanie, inaczej niż Kleszcz, odpowiadam negatywnie: ujawnienie przez filozofa własnego stosunku do religii nie niweczy ideału obiektywności, natomiast promuje uczciwość wobec czytelników i eliminuje pewien rodzaj teoretycznej hipokryzji spotykany u zwolenników filozofii uprawianej w sposób rzekomo neutralny względem własnych przekonań. Moja odpowiedź na trzecie pytanie jest także negatywna. Potrzebna jest nam dzisiaj mniej zachowawcza, odważniejsza w swoich roszczeniach filozofia religii niż ta proponowana przez Ryszarda Kleszcza — taka mianowicie, która naśladuje sposób uprawiania filozofii przez dawnych mistrzów, np. przez św. Tomasza z Akwinu, polegający na poszukiwaniu filozoficznych podstaw dla chrześcijaństwa, a nie taka, która uznaje wyniki ich ustaleń, np. w kwestii natury Boga, za zasadniczo ostateczne, a korygowalne jedynie w drobnych szczegółach. (shrink)

Tekst jest poświęcony pamięci Księdza Antoniego Siemianowskiego (1930-2022) — profesora filozofii, absolwenta Katolickiego Uniwersytetu Lubelskiego. Artykuł jest najszerszym dotąd opracowaniem życiorysu Księdza Profesora Siemianowskiego wraz z prześledzeniem jego poglądów filozoficznych — zbiera dotychczasowe publikacje dotyczące Księdza Profesora i dokonuje ich syntezy. Autor miał zamiar wskazać na najważniejsze momenty z życia duchownego-filozofa, który zapisał się w pamięci przestrzeni akademickich Kujaw i Wielkopolski — najbardziej w Inowrocławiu, z którego pochodził, a także Gniezna, z którym był związany poprzez pracę wykładowcy, przez ponad pół (...) wieku. Tekst analizuje drogę intelektualną Księdza Profesora od edukacji szkolnej, poprzez studia filozoficzno-teologiczne, studia doktoranckie, a w końcu poszukiwanie „własnej drogi w filozofii” — drogi od historii filozofii, poprzez tomizm do fenomenologii. Zwrócić należy uwagę, że Ksiądz Siemianowski nie zajmował się jedynie pracą naukową, ale był także jako prezbiter katolicki duszpasterzem, który także poprzez nauczanie pokoleń przyszłych kapłanów formował w nich styl myślenia, zgodnie z zasadą, że „filozofia jest służebnicą teologii”. Inną przestrzenią aktywności Księdza Siemianowskiego była publicystyka — nawiązawszy współpracę z wieloma czasopismami, popularyzował na ich łamach wiedzę z zakresu etyki, filozofii kultury czy antropologii filozoficznej. (shrink)

The paper fucuses on the problem of publishing framework in 17th century plebeian comedy. The issue has been treated in a rather general way as the approach deals with only two main elements, dedication and preface. Both the former and the latter, however, are seen as the most effective representatives of the wide literary material defined as the publishing framework.

"Oddajemy w ręce czytelnika kolejny tom „Dysput Nawarryjskich”, które od czasów swej pierwszej edycji w roku 2009/2010 zdołały na trwałe wpisać się w zakres współpracy dwóch miast, Torunia i Pampeluny, oraz regionów, województwa kujawsko-pomorskiego i Nawarry. Przyczyniły się do budowania intelektualnych mostów pomiędzy dwoma środowiskami naukowymi, które odgrywają ważną rolę w swoich krajach. Owe mosty zainicjowane przez Wydział Teologiczny Uniwersytetu Mikołaja Kopernika i Wydział Teologii Uniwersytetu Nawarry połączyły ludzi, wydziały, zespoły badawcze, ale także ostatnio całe uniwersytety, które w 2013 roku (...) podpisały porozumienie o szerokiej współpracy na polu badawczym i dydaktycznym." [...] Ze Słowa Wstępnego. (shrink)

Celem niniejszego artykułu jest prześledzenie narodzin, rozwoju i upadku prasy parafialnej w Polsce na przykładzie archidiecezji szczecińsko-kamieńskiej. Ze względu na ilościowe i jakościowe bogactwo tego segmentu prasy, jego dogłębne zbadanie wymaga dalszych skrupulatnych badań, gdyż od przełomu lat 80. i 90. ubiegłego wieku niezliczone wydawnictwa powstawały, znikały, odradzały się z innym tytułem i zespołem redakcyjnym, po czym znów znikały. W artykule prześledzono tło historyczne województwa zachodniopomorskiego, które po II wojnie światowej zostało przyłączone do komunistycznej Polski. W efekcie wielu Polaków (głównie (...) katolików) z terenów utraconych na rzecz Związku Sowieckiego znalazło się w miejscu, gdzie Kościół katolicki praktycznie nie funkcjonował. Trudno byłoby zrozumieć szczególną rolę prasy parafialnej na Pomorzu Zachodnim bez znajomości szerszego kontekstu powstawania i spontanicznego rozwoju gazet parafialnych w skali kraju. Kwestie te zostały wyeksponowane w części opisującej działalność Ogólnopolskiego Stowarzyszenia Prasy Parafialnej. W artykule poruszono także kwestie związane z typologią i systematyzacją pojęcia „prasa parafialna”. Ze względu na niedostatek, a często brak źródeł pisanych autor przeprowadził serię wywiadów z osobami zaangażowanymi w tworzenie czasopism parafialnych, które przeżywały swój rozkwit w latach 90. XX wieku. (shrink)

The paper presents the possibility of using the lifestyle concept for better recognition of the employee motivation attitude towards work leadership and managerial behaviours. That could result in better human capital management in different types of organizations. Different approaches to the lifestyle concept are presented in the paper. Also the linkage between the motivation theory, here the Douglas McGregor theory, and the lifestyle based theory VALS is examined.

The book presents five philosophical and axiological studies devoted to the relationship between aesthetics and politics. It shows this relationship throughout the works of some avant-gardists, pragmatists, and postmodernists. It is also a voice in the discussion about the meaning of the fine arts and aesthetics in the context of the political aims and norms. This voice claims that the political dimension of art and aesthetics should be studied much more seriously than it has been till today, and needs more (...) courageous re-interpretations and re-readings. (shrink)

_Practicing Philosophy as Experiencing Life: Essays on American Pragmatism_ is a collection of essays by top international experts on American philosophy who study pragmatism in the context of a philosophy of life.

Values, Valuations, and Axiological Norms in Richard Rorty's Neopragmatism sympathetically discusses Richard Rorty's neopragmatist philosophy. This book brings together a range of interpretations and possibilities on a variety of humanistic topics, including philosophy, literature, culture, film, economics, social issues, politics, and more. Skowroński involves the work of philosophers such as Kant, Dewey, Santayana, and Kołakowski as he delves into various philosophical problems using the lens of Rorty’s neopragmatist thought.

The concept of informed consent was one of the most fruitful ideas that deeply changed the relationships between physicians and their patients from paternalism to respect for the personal autonomy of subjects needing professional medical care. The great progress in medicine, also involving the pharmaceutical industry, has created an increasing need to perform different clinical and experimental trials. The evolution of clinical research in the last decades has influenced strongly the design of these studies. One of the most important changes (...) in this field has been the use of placebo groups in double-blind controlled studies. The controversies have involved not only the use of placebo when standard or proven treatment was available, but also some specific problems concerning the procedure of obtaining informed consent in such trials. This paper briefly presents the evolution of informed consent in Poland as well as different ethical and legal problems concerning informed consent and the use of placebo controls in clinical trials. (shrink)

The article presents the results of the phonemic-graphemic analysis of the proscription entries from 15th century, which come from the book of city Jauer and were written down in the Silesian dialect of the Early New High German. Due to the analysis it could be proved, the text contains the standard Early New High German features as well as the dialectal structures and the sound changes, which are characteristic for the Silesian dialect. All the results of the exploration are supported (...) with with the appropriate examples. (shrink)

Entrevista realizada durante a conferência proferida por Sylvia Serbin nas atividades do “Congresso Internacional Territorialidade e Saude: desigualdades raciais e sociais em contextos locais e globais”, organizado e coordenado pelo Nucleo de Estudos e Pesquisa em Psicanalise, Identidade, Negritude e Sociedade, ocorrido de 03 a 7 de setembro de 2014, no Centro de Ciências da Saude da Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia, em Santo Antonio de Jesus/BA.

Piotr Buczkowski/Poznari THE LEVELS OF CONSCIOUSNESS Some remarks on sociology of knowledge /. Introduction Sociology of knowledge is a subbranch of social ...