El presente artículo busca dar con la influencia de Baruch Spinoza en el pensamiento de Xavier Zubiri en torno al tema de la materia y de allí entender lo que es lo estético. Es sabido que Zubiri desde joven fue un gran lector de Spinoza; incluso lo enseñaba en detalle a su amiga-estudiante María Zambrano. Y lo que pensamos es que Zubiri siempre estuvo influenciado por el pensador holandés y esto se ve reflejado en cómo Zubiri trata su concepto de (...) materia, clave en su obra; y tal concepto nos permite, por ejemplo, entender lo estético en el pensador español. (shrink)

En este artículo se hará un recorrido por la biografía intelectual y la obra de la filósofa brasileña Marilena Chaui, poniendo la mirada en la filosofía política que ha ido construyendo a lo largo del desarrollo de su pensamiento, lo que se ha dado en concomitancia con su praxis como “intelectual participante”. Se comenzará con una breve reseña del proceso de formación académica que tuvo en el contexto de dictadura y su preocupación por los conflictos políticos en Brasil, para situar (...) la discusión en su interpretación de la filosofía de Spinoza y la crítica a la teología y la superstición, poniéndola en relación con su reflexión sobre el problema de la “servidumbre voluntaria” en Laboetie, en tanto ejes articuladores de su pensamiento. Se finalizará con una caracterización de la crítica que hace a la ideología del totalitarismo neoliberal desde la matriz teórica expuesta. (shrink)

The research shows the relationship between digital teaching competence and foreign language learning in students at a national university from Lima. It is a non-experimental descriptive study with a cross-sectional correlational design, applied to a sample of 151 students from Enrique Guzmán y Valle National University of Education. To collect data for the first variable, it was built a questionnaire with the response parameters of the Likert scale. Based on the Cronbach's Alpha test, this instrument reached a reliability index of (...) 0,780. For the second variable, a test was applied and the reliability level was measured through the Kuder-Richardson coefficient, showing an index of 0,865, so it is inferred that these instruments had a high level of reliability. About the general hypothesis, Spearman's correlation coefficient was 0,705, a high positive correlation. The investigation result allows to confirm that there is a direct and significant association between teaching digital competence and foreign language learning, that is, the higher the level of teaching digital competence, the better the learning achievements of the students. (shrink)

The aim of this paper is to propose that the common horizon of the reflections of political philosophy in Latin America is the debate that has taken place to defend liberalism or go against it. The background of this is the reference to the social collective forms. In this context, Marxism has tried to respond from heterodox visions that recover the Latin American experience. We have focused this debate on three authors, Chauí, Fernández and Echeverría, who do not exhaust the (...) problem but keep open the paths that enhance the local experience. (shrink)

En este artículo se propone una delimitación epistemológica y cronológica que permita organizar y analizar la literatura y la dramaturgia producida en Valparaíso durante el siglo XX. Las categorías de decadentismo, panoptismo y nihilismo cualificaran a tres momentos históricamente situados en los que se han producido obras narrativas y teatrales en la ciudad-puerto. De esta manera, se pretende poner en relevancia la producción de obras culturales a partir del imaginario diferencial de Valparaíso, como un caso de análisis posibles en otras (...) ciudades-puertos del cono sur de América. This article proposes an epistemological and chronological delimitation which allow to organize and analyze the literature and drama produced in Valparaiso during the twentieth century. The categories of decadence, panopticism and nihilism that qualify to three historically located moments in which narrative and theatrical works have been produced in the city-port. In this way, we intend to relevance the production of cultural works from the differential imaginary of Valparaiso, as a case of possible analysis in other cities-ports in the southern cone of America. (shrink)

En este artículo se propone una delimitación epistemológica y cronológica que permita organizar y analizar la literatura y la dramaturgia producida en Valparaíso durante el siglo XX. Las categorías de decadentismo, panoptismo y nihilismo cualificaran a tres momentos históricamente situados en los que se han producido obras narrativas y teatrales en la ciudad-puerto. De esta manera, se pretende poner en relevancia la producción de obras culturales a partir del imaginario diferencial de Valparaíso, como un caso de análisis posibles en otras (...) ciudades-puertos del cono sur de América. (shrink)

¿El conflicto armado ha transformado los roles de la mujer en Colombia? En este artículo se quiere evaluar la diversidad de escenarios y roles que las mujeres adquirieron durante el conflicto armado en Colombia. Para dirigir el rumbo de esta investigación y la posibilidad de evaluar alguno escenarios de posacuerdo, este texto se propone: realizar una consideración epistemológica por parte del feminismo latinoamericano que tenga en cuenta la pluralidad de relatos violentos en Latinoamérica analizar relatos de mujeres partícipes en la (...) guerra que permitan evaluar el rol de la mujer más allá de su simple victimización; examinar la situación de la mujer dentro de los conflictos bélicos colombianos y presentar cómo se diferencia de las situaciones de guerra ocurridas en Europa. Todos estos puntos permiten evaluar cómo la guerra en Colombia ha sido fundamental para contemplar los roles de las mujeres más allá del de víctima, como, por ejemplo, las mujeres activistas que han participado en la reconciliación y el ejercicio de memoria histórica durante el acuerdo de paz y el posacuerdo. Dicho logro promueve un porvenir del feminismo que abre nuevos espacios de acción para la mujer, los cuales, debido a la limitación de este trabajo, quedan aún por explorar. (shrink)

Introducción: se presenta un ensayo cuyo objetivo es fijar posiciones frente al resumen del Informe de la Comisión sobre Determinantes Sociales de la Salud (CDSS) proponer las acciones políticas que los movimientos sociales en salud deben emprender. Análisis: las recomendaciones de la CDSS no enfocan el problema en toda su compleja naturaleza y en especial desconoce la influencia decisiva de la formación económica social sobre la situación crítica de la salud en el mundo. Acción: se propone la unidad de los (...) movimientos sociales que actúan en el campo de salud para luchar contra los efectos de las políticas económicas y sociales dominantes en el mundo: reducción del papel del estado, privatización de servicios, desregulación laboral, privatización de la seguridad social, políticas migratorias y otras. Denunciemos toda política neoliberal en relación con la salud, practiquemos la solidaridad con los que luchan contra esas políticas, derrotemos el monopolio mediático neoliberal, enfocar el problema de los DSS como asunto político social, no técnico y defendamos el papel protagónico del estado, único capaz de asegurar servicios de salud al alcance de todos. Conclusión: "Nuestro deber es luchar", como nos advirtió Fidel Castro. Introduction: An essay is presented in order to set positions against the Report´s summary of the Commission on social determinants of public health (CSDPH) that suggests the political actions to be undertaken by Health social movements. Analysis: The CSDPH recommendations do not focus the problem in all its complex nature and do not recognize the decisive influence of the social economic formation on the critical situation of Health in the world. Action: unity of social movements acting in the field of health to fight against the effects of the dominant economic and social policies of today´s world: reduction of the role of the State, privatization of services, labour deregulation, privatization of social security, migratory policies and others. We denounce any neo-liberal policy in relation to Health. Let´s support those who struggle against those policies; let´s defeat the neoliberal media monopoly, let´s focus on the problem of social determinants as a sociopolitical issue , not as a technical one; let´s defend the leading role of the State, the only one capable to ensure health services to everyone. Conclusion: As Fidel Castro expressed: "Our duty is to fight. (shrink)

El objetivo de este trabajo es el de mostrar los logros y el límite del pensamiento de Heidegger desde el análisis de dos pasos en falso. El primer paso en falso nos enseña contra qué se posiciona su filosofía, el otro nos enseña dentro de qué línea de la tradición filosófica se halla, porque, aunque el propio Heidegger ha puesto en entredicho el primer paso en falso, ha asumido el segundo.

Despite the unquestionable importance of technological progress in twenty-first-century society, the decision by many political leaders worldwide to treat natural sciences as an almost exclusive priority betrays a terrible misconception of the complexity of the contemporary world. As the Renaissance cannot be reduced to Copernicus’s or Galileo’s brilliant contributions, or Enlightenment to the works of such giants as Newton and Cavendish, contemporary society will hardly be remembered as just a series of amazing software and gadget updates. There are three categories (...) of questions today that only humanities are prone to answer. The first one, exploring the relations between subject and object mediated by the meaning of “property”, ultimately concerns the discussion between legality and legitimacy. Not long ago, teenagers were still being sued by the giants of the Entertainment Industry for downloading songs, and the practice of mash-ups or remixing even now arouses huge polemics. The second one, focused on the self-representations of the subject, concerns the changing meanings (and representations) of identity and cultural borders in a globalizing world. Finally, the inter-subjective interactions are the centre of the political tensions between democracy and demagogy, two opposed categories that have often been presented as hardly distinguishable from each other. (shrink)

Anecdotal evidence has long lamented the status of social studies in elementary classrooms as observed by preservice teachers. As standardized testing has risen for mathematics and language arts, social studies has been pushed aside. In the aftermath of accountability legislation such as No Child Left Behind, research indicates that social studies is less visible in elementary classrooms due to an instructional focus on tested content areas (e.g. math, language arts, reading). In this study, approximately 90 elementary preservice teachers enrolled in (...) a social studies methods course responded to a survey and indicated the frequency and quality of lessons they observed over the course of a single semester. Findings report that preservice elementary teachers witnessed few, if any, lessons in social studies in the elementary classroom. Implications for teacher education are discussed. (shrink)

An argument is presented against the claim by Eduardo Barrio and Federico Pailos according to which “to characterize a logic, not only the inferential level, but also every metainferential level is necessary”.

Comparative analysis between the past in the philosophy of Polo and the past in the philosophy of Heidegger.

The aim of this study was to identify key aspects in the exchange of information and to determine how nurses communicate news to hospitalised children. For this study, we applied the critical incident technique with 30 children aged between 8 and 14 years. Data were collected in paediatric units in a hospital in Alicante (Spain) using participant observation and semi-structured interviews. The analysis yielded three main categories: the children’s reaction to the information, nursing staff behaviour as a key aspect in (...) the exchange of information and communication of news as well as children’s experience. This article emphasises the need to promote children’s consent and participation in nursing interventions. An analysis of these aspects will verify whether children’s rights are being respected and taken into account in order to promote children’s well-being and adaptation to hospitalisation. (shrink)

Una aproximación a la concepción viquiana del Derecho Romano que, desde la "soledad" vivida por el filósofo napolitano, asume como modo original de afrontar el derecho una poética jurídica y la búsqueda de una lengua articulada universal .An approach to Vico's conception of Roman Law that, from the "loneliness" of the napolitan philosopher, assumes juridical poetics as an original way of facing law, and the search of an articulated universal language.

No estudo da racionalidade há um projeto normativo, o qual busca compreender o que significa raciocinar corretamente ou ser racional. O foco deste projeto é encontrar regras que ditem um padrão para o raciocínio ser avaliado. Há também um projeto descritivo, praticado por cientistas da cognição com abordagem empirista. Estes buscam descobrir de que forma as pessoas de fato raciocinam e descrever os mecanismos e processos responsáveis pelos padrões de raciocínio observado. Este artigo pretende expor alguns aspectos históricos de ambos (...) os projetos e apresentar brevemente uma corrente teórica vinda do projeto descritivo com poder de propor uma nova forma de compreensão para aspectos normativos, as teorias de duplo processo. (shrink)

Difficulty retrieving information (e.g., words) from memory is prevalent in neurogenic communication disorders (e.g., aphasia and dementia). Theoretical modeling of retrieval failures often relies on clinical data, despite methodological limitations (e.g., locus of retrieval failure, heterogeneity of individuals, and progression of disorder/disease). Techniques from network science are naturally capable of handling these limitations. This paper reviews recent work using a multiplex lexical network to account for word retrieval failures and highlights how network science can address the limitations of clinical data. (...) Critically, any model we employ could impact clinical practice and patient lives, harkening the need for theoretically well-informed network models. (shrink)

The COVID-19 pandemic and restrictions imposed to stop its advance have affected the entire population. Children living with difficulties or in vulnerable situations prior to the pandemic might have suffered an even greater impact. This present study examines the psychological impact of quarantine on children and adolescents exposed to intimate partner violence against their mothers. Participants were 185 mothers who reported 269 children, as well as 108 children who self-reported. An emotional and behavioral checklist was administered to both mothers and (...) children throughout confinement. Results show mothers observed changes in their children’s psychological state. Children, in turn, reported an increase in different variables. Mothers reported a higher percentage of overall increase for both general and severe symptoms than their children. Differences were found by sex and age. Future research with similar population groups is necessary to establish the support and intervention children require in similar contexts, as well as to clarify possible causes of differences found by age and sex. (shrink)

O objetivo desta pesquisa teórica é problematizar as concepções de educação, conhecimento e produção de conhecimento que compartilhamos no movimento negro a partir da descrição que encontramos delas na obra “O movimento negro educador”, de Nilma Lino Gomes. A obra foi escolhida como objeto de estudo pela penetração no campo e pelo objetivo de pensar o papel do movimento negro no desenvolvimento da compreensão sobre raça e racismo no Brasil, seja no âmbito mais geral, seja na educação escolar. Este trabalho (...) suscita um debate para repensarmos os limites e as potencialidades de nossas concepções enquanto movimento negro proletário a respeito sobre a relação entre raça, racismo, educação e conhecimento e caminhos que podemos seguir para requalificá-las. (shrink)

Planteada la problemática del tiempo y rechazada la hipótesis dicotómica, es decir, la existencia exclusiva de un tiempo cuantitativo y otro cualitativo, el autor analiza la pluralidad de tiempos irreductibles entre sí, para elaborar una taxonomía de los conceptos de tiempo, interpretados, cada uno de ellos, como un gran campo semántico generado en un proceso semejante al de la creación de metáforas. Todos estos conceptos portan en sí caracteres comunes, que constituyen el núcleo intensional del concepto de tiempo, en el (...) que se apoya el significado del concepto. (shrink)

This paper briefly presents an account, partially based upon Ryle’s approach, of the functions of intentional psychological terms as they are used in ordinary language. According to this account, intentional psychological terms describe known patterns of behavior that are determined by selective mechanisms of causation. That is, these terms describe relations between certain responses, selected on the basis of the consequences they produce in the environment, and contexts of their occurrence, to which they become associated. Intentional psychological terms do not (...) point to inner causes of a given behavior, but can explain it only in the sense of stating that it could be expected to occur, if we can identify its behavior pattern and the context in which it occurs. We proceed then to examine three main objections that have been raised against Ryle’s position, namely: (a) Davidson’s challenge to the non-causal accounts of reason-explanations; (b) Armstrong’s worries about “leaving the counterfactuals hanging in the air”; and (c) the holistic objection to the (wrongly) presumed Ryle’s atomism. We aim at showing that none of these objections pose serious problems to the proposed account. (shrink)

Resultado de uma investigação bibliográfica, o artigo promove aproximações e evidencia afastamentos entre Paulo Freire e Jürgen Habermas, dedicando especial ênfase ao possível impacto de suas ideias para os propósitos da práxis educativa na concepção popular. As conclusões enfatizam a fragilidade da proposta habermasiana e destacam a maior consistência da perspectiva freireana na luta contra a opressão social.

O trabalho procura revisitar o materialismo histórico, as considerações marxianas sobre a “intimidade burguesa” e, por consequência, suas conclusões sobre a incidência dos imperativos sistêmicos e da lógica do Capital na condução da vida cotidiana. O argumento central do trabalho é que a crítica marxiana à intimidade hipostasiada pela sociedade fundada pelo Capital não está reduzida aos elementos dados a priori por sua teoria econômica, mas sintetiza um percurso teórico impulsionado pela antropologia filosófica presente nos Manuscritos de 1844. Desse modo, (...) o trabalho afirma que, sobretudo porque estabelece uma clara distinção entre natureza e cultura, Marx pôde divorciar-se da moralidade hegeliana e afirmar o caráter histórico, ideológico e contingente das relações familiares. Nesse sentido, será demonstrado que ao afirmar a primazia do individualismo possessivo da família burguesa, o autor identifica o “proprietário privado” e o “marido burguês” - no sentido de que a intimidade burguesa é configurada, antes de tudo, pelo sentimento de apropriação do outro. Por fim, discute-se o modo como essas relações assimétricas são trabalhadas n'O Capital, onde a esfera íntima aparece com uma dupla função: a alimentação material do sociometabolismo do capital e a alimentação moral do sistema. (shrink)

This paper outlines an analytical model for relations between objectivity and political ideology from an ethically sound historical research standpoint. With a recent public debate on the interpretations of the 1936 Spanish general elections as a case study, this paper lays out the impossibility of separating subjectivity from objectivity and disempowering the political subject, from both a Philosophical Hermeneutics and an Epistemology of Social Science viewpoint. Relativism is avoided in spite of this approach, and possible route plans for an ethically (...) sound historiographical research, while claiming the need for those studies within the scope of Moral Philosophy. (shrink)

In 1899, the first cases of plague were recognised in Paraguay and a few months later in Buenos Aires as part of the third plague pandemic. In the first decades of the twentieth century, plague slowly advanced towards the Argentinian hinterland. In this paper we focus on the production of scientific knowledge about plague in Argentina, where a core of bacteriologists emerged early on. We show how they not only played a central role in the complex process of plague recognition (...) and intervention, but also influenced the scientific development of bacteriology in Argentina and potentially in South America. We argue that bacteriology became a key tool in articulating the promises of modern science with political and economic interests, allowing the Argentinian government to extend its territorial control over Buenos Aires and the hinterland. This can be seen in two different configurations of the plague as an epistemic and political object in Argentina. In the first period, from 1899 to 1910, plague was a problem linked to the ports. In this section of the article, we show how plague became an important issue in the development of bacteriology in Argentina, how this research contributed to new intervention measures and, in some cases, developed innovative ideas about serotherapeutic treatments and the characteristics of the disease. In the second period, from the mid-1910s until the 1940s, research in Argentina provided new evidence of the ‘rural’ nature of plague, a process in deep dialogue with research on plague among peri-domestic and wild rodents carried out in other parts of the Americas, Europe and Africa. This article thus aims to contribute to a history of bacteriology that highlights the role of non-European centres, like Argentina, in the production and circulation of bacteriological knowledge. (shrink)

Resumo: Nas comemorações de 40 anos do curso “Hermenêutica do Sujeito”, somos provocados a pensar a potencialidade dessa obra para colocar sob investigação um problema que as atualiza constantemente: a relação entre a subjetividade, verdade e o cuidado de si. Pois foi respondendo a essa provocação que elegemos uma aula de Filosofia numa escola particular para problematizar essa relação. A aula se desdobrou num trabalho em que os alunos eram desafiados a saírem de suas “zonas de conforto” e, assim, entrarem (...) contato consigo mesmos num trabalho de tomar-se como objetos de investigação e de produção de discursos verdadeiros sobre si mesmos. Um trabalho em especial nos chamou atenção e ele que vamos trazer para explorar essas relações do cuidado de si que se renovam na atualidade. Palavras-chave: Subjetividade; Verdade; Cuidado de Si; Educação “I left my comfort zone for the first time without realizing it” – subjectivity, truth and self-care Abstract: In the celebrations of 40 years of the course “Hermeneutics of the Subject”, we are provoked to think about the potential of this work to put under investigation a problem that constantly updates them: the relationship between subjectivity, truth and self-care. Because it was in response to this provocation that we chose a Philosophy class in a private school to problematize this relationship. The class unfolded in a work in which students were challenged to leave their “comfort zones” and, thus, get in touch with themselves in a work of taking themselves as objects of investigation and production of true discourses about themselves. One work in particular caught our attention and we are going to bring it to explore these relationships of self-care that are renewed today. Keywords: Subjectivity; Truth; Self-Care; Education “Salí por la primera vez de mi zona de confort sin darme cuenta” – subjetividad, verdad y cuidado de sí Resumen: En los festejos de los 40 años del curso “Hermenéutica del Sujeto”, nos incita a pensar en las potencialidades de este trabajo para poner en investigación un problema que los actualiza constantemente: la relación entre subjetividad, verdad y cuidado de sí. Porque fue en respuesta a esta provocación que elegimos una clase de Filosofía en una escuela privada para problematizar esta relación. La clase se desenvolvió en un trabajo en el que se desafió a los estudiantes a salir de sus “zonas de confort” y así entrar en contacto consigo mismos en un trabajo de tomarse a sí mismos como objetos de investigación y producción de verdaderos discursos sobre sí mismos. Una obra en particular nos llamó la atención y la vamos a traer para explorar estas relaciones de autocuidado que hoy se renuevan. Palabra clave: Subjetividad; Verdad; Cuidado de Sí; Educación Data de registro: 23/01/2023 Data de aceite: 20/03/2024. (shrink)

Nuestro trabajo se propone presentar el pensamiento paulino trabajado por Alain Badiou en San Pablo: La fundación del universalismo. Intentaremos clarificar las posiciones que toma Badiou en torno a la figura del apóstol. Consideramos que, explicitando las lecturas del autor en cuestión, es posible tejer puentes para la discusión en el campo de la teología política. Entendemos la lectura de Badiou como una lectura filosófica política, que busca dialogar con una comunidad política. Pablo, en Badiou, es presentado como «un teórico (...) antifilosófico de la universalidad» y el fundador del universalismo cristiano. A partir de esta interpretación la tarea de Badiou es buscar lo universal en lo particular. (shrink)

En este texto se examina la alteración de la subjetividad kantiana propuesta por Jean-Luc Marion. Marion cuestiona la noción de un sujeto estable y autónomo, argumentando que el sujeto debe estar en constante relación con lo saturado y lo otro. Rechaza la idea de un yo cogito cartesiano y busca una reconcepción del ser en relación con el otro y lo trascendente. Marion destaca la importancia del amor como centro de la subjetividad y plantea que el sujeto no busca tanto (...) su subsistencia como el amor y ser amado. El texto explora las implicaciones de esta perspectiva en relación con la temporalidad y la manifestación fenomenológica. Marion propone una reconfiguración del sujeto que se revela en la relación con lo saturado y la co-constitución con el otro. (shrink)

Es posible apreciar una serie de factores que han debilitado al contexto democrático, específicamente, la actividad legislativa, que encuentra diversos desafíos que se suman a la problematización del estudio. Es en el contexto de Parlamento Abierto que la participación ciudadana cobra relevancia científica en el marco de la teoría de la democracia representativa. Mediante metodología mixta se responderá la siguiente pregunta de investigación: ¿cómo se generan espacios democratizados en la actividad legislativa del Parlamento Abierto? Este artículo es una primera aproximación (...) a una investigación doctoral en curso, cuyos resultados y conclusiones serán presentados en un próximo congreso del CUICIID. (shrink)