Results for 'Simple allocation problem'

979 found
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  1.  53
    On recursive solutions to simple allocation problems.Özgür Kıbrıs - 2013 - Theory and Decision 75 (3):449-463.
    We propose and axiomatically analyze a class of rational solutions to simple allocation problems where a policy-maker allocates an endowment $E$ among $n$ agents described by a characteristic vector c. We propose a class of recursive rules which mimic a decision process where the policy-maker initially starts with a reference allocation of $E$ in mind and then uses the data of the problem to recursively adjust his previous allocation decisions. We show that recursive rules uniquely (...)
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  2.  41
    A revealed preference analysis of solutions to simple allocation problems.Özgür Kıbrıs - 2012 - Theory and Decision 72 (4):509-523.
    We interpret solution rules on a class of simple allocation problems as data on the choices of a policy maker. We analyze conditions under which the policy maker’s choices are (i) rational (ii) transitive-rational, and (iii) representable; that is, they coincide with maximization of a (i) binary relation, (ii) transitive binary relation, and (iii) numerical function on the allocation space. Our main results are as follows: (i) a well-known property, contraction independence (a.k.a. IIA) is equivalent to rationality; (...)
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  3.  53
    Allocation aggregation for a finite valuation domain.Carl Wagner - unknown
    A decision problem in which the values of the decision variables must sum to a fixed positive real number s is called an "allocation problem," and the problem of aggregating the allocations of n experts the "allocation aggregation problem." Under two simple axiomatic restrictions on aggregation, the only acceptable allocation aggregation method is based on weighted arithmetic averaging (Lehrer and Wagner, Rational Consensus in Science and Society, 1981). In this note it is (...)
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  4.  87
    An Impossibility Theorem for Allocation Aggregation.Carl Wagner & Mark Shattuck - 2014 - Journal of Philosophical Logic 43 (6):1173-1186.
    Among the many sorts of problems encountered in decision theory, allocation problems occupy a central position. Such problems call for the assignment of a nonnegative real number to each member of a finite set of entities, in such a way that the values so assigned sum to some fixed positive real number s. Familiar cases include the problem of specifying a probability mass function on a countable set of possible states of the world, and the distribution of a (...)
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  5.  59
    Fair Kidney Allocation Based on Waiting Time.Matthias Hild - 2001 - Analyse & Kritik 23 (2):173-190.
    We study the allocation of cadaveric donor kidneys for transplantation based merely on waiting time. This simple allocation rule turns out to possess very attractive ethical and medical properties. Current allocation rules, on the other hand, violate some basic requirements of distributive justice. Perhaps for fear of exacerbating these problems, these rules also fail to consider criteria such as sex, age and race although certain combinations of these criteria are known to affect graft survival rates. We (...)
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  6.  44
    Portfolio allocation and asset demand with mean-variance preferences.Thomas Eichner & Andreas Wagener - 2011 - Theory and Decision 70 (2):179-193.
    We analyze the comparative static effects of changes in the means, the standard deviations and the covariance of asset returns in a standard portfolio selection problem when investors have mean variance preferences. Simple and intuitive characterizations in terms of the elasticity of risk aversion are provided.
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  7.  48
    Why a Simple Second-Price Auction Induces Efficient Endogenous Entry.Jingfeng Lu - 2009 - Theory and Decision 66 (2):181-198.
    This article further studies ex ante efficient auctions in the setting of Stegeman (1996 Participation costs and efficient auctions, Journal of Economic Theory 71, 228–259.), where there exist entry costs for bidders who know their valuations. An alternative method is established to address efficient auctions. This method illustrates the intuition why the ex ante efficient allocation is Bayesian implementable through the Stegeman (1996) auction (a second-price auction with a reserve price equal to seller’s valuation and no entry fee). More (...)
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  8.  22
    問題解決タスクの取引.松原 繁夫 - 2003 - Transactions of the Japanese Society for Artificial Intelligence 18:269-277.
    This paper focuses on a task allocation problem, especially cases where the task is to find a solution in a search problem or a constraint satisfaction problem. If the search problem is hard to solve, a contractor may fail to find a solution. Here, the more computational resources such as the CPU time the contractor invests in solving the search problem, the more a solution is likely to be found. This brings about a new (...)
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  9.  86
    The Relevance View: Defended and Extended.Kirsten Mann - 2021 - Utilitas 33 (1):101-110.
    The Relevance View, exemplified by Alex Voorhoeve's Aggregate Relevant Claims, has considerable appeal. It accommodates our reluctance to aggregate weak claims in canonical cases like Life for Headaches, while permitting aggregation of claims in a range of other cases. But it has been the target of significant criticism. In an important recent paper, Patrick Tomlin argues that the view suffers from failures of internal logic, violating plausible consistency constraints and generating incoherent combinations of verdicts on cases. And in cases resembling (...)
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  10.  29
    The Division of Parts Among the Actors in Sophocles' Oedipus Coloneus.E. B. Ceadel - 1941 - Classical Quarterly 35 (3-4):139-.
    The distribution of the parts among the actors in the O.C. is a problem that has long defied solution. In all the other extant plays of Aeschylus, Sophocles, and Euripides the dramatis personae can without difficulty be divided between three actors: but the construction of the O.C. is so complex that it does not admit any such simple allocation. When the part of Oedipus has been assigned to the first actor, and that of Antigone to the second, (...)
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  11.  27
    What makes a health system good? From cost-effectiveness analysis to ethical improvement in health systems.James Wilson - 2023 - Medicine, Health Care and Philosophy 26 (3):351-365.
    Fair allocation of scarce healthcare resources has been much studied within philosophy and bioethics, but analysis has focused on a narrow range of cases. The Covid-19 pandemic provided significant new challenges, making powerfully visible the extent to which health systems can be fragile, and how scarcities within crucial elements of interlinked care pathways can lead to cascading failures. Health system resilience, while previously a key topic in global health, can now be seen to be a vital concern in high-income (...)
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  12.  57
    Biodefence and the production of knowledge: rethinking the problem.Allen Buchanan & Maureen C. Kelley - 2013 - Journal of Medical Ethics 39 (4):195-204.
    Next SectionBiodefence, broadly understood as efforts to prevent or mitigate the damage of a bioterrorist attack, raises a number of ethical issues, from the allocation of scarce biomedical research and public health funds, to the use of coercion in quarantine and other containment measures in the event of an outbreak. In response to the US bioterrorist attacks following September 11, significant US policy decisions were made to spur scientific enquiry in the name of biodefence. These decisions led to a (...)
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  13.  68
    The Economic and Political Liberalization of Socialism: The Fundamental Problem of Property Rights.William H. Riker & David L. Weimer - 1993 - Social Philosophy and Policy 10 (2):79-102.
    All our previous political experience, and especially, of course, the experience of Eastern Europe and Central Asia, offers little hope that democracy can coexist with the centralized allocation of economic resources. Indeed, simple observation suggests that a market economy with private property rights is a necessary, although not sufficient, condition for the existence of a democratic political regime. And this accords fully with the political theory of liberalism, which emphasizes that private rights, both civil and economic, be protected (...)
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  14.  27
    Opportunity Costs and Resource Allocation Problems: Epistemology for Finite Minds.Endre Begby - 2023 - Canadian Journal of Philosophy 53 (5):400-417.
    Overwhelmingly, philosophers tend to work on the assumption that epistemic justification is a normative status that supervenes on the relation between a cognitive subject, some body of evidence, and a particular proposition (or “hypothesis”). This article will explore some motivations for moving in the direction of a rather different view. On this view, we are invited to think of the relevant epistemic norm(s) as applying more widely to the competent exercise of epistemic agency, where it is understood that cognitive subjects (...)
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  15.  88
    Simple rationality? The law of healthcare resource allocation in England.C. Foster - 2007 - Journal of Medical Ethics 33 (7):404-407.
    This paper examines the law relating to healthcare resource allocation in England. The National Health Service Act 1977 does not impose an absolute duty to provide specified healthcare services. The courts will only interfere with a resource allocation decision made by an NHS body if that decision is frankly irrational is engaged). Such irrationality is very difficult to establish. The ECHR has made no significant contribution to domestic English law in the arena of healthcare provision. The decision of (...)
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  16.  22
    Is There an Allocation Problem?: Accounting for Unproductive Labor.Michael Dawson & John Bellamy Foster - 1994 - Science and Society 58 (3):315 - 325.
  17. Principles for allocation of scarce medical interventions.Govind Persad, Alan Wertheimer & Ezekiel J. Emanuel - 2009 - The Lancet 373 (9661):423--431.
    Allocation of very scarce medical interventions such as organs and vaccines is a persistent ethical challenge. We evaluate eight simple allocation principles that can be classified into four categories: treating people equally, favouring the worst-off, maximising total benefits, and promoting and rewarding social usefulness. No single principle is sufficient to incorporate all morally relevant considerations and therefore individual principles must be combined into multiprinciple allocation systems. We evaluate three systems: the United Network for Organ Sharing points (...)
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  18.  46
    Modeling and Solving the Dynamic Task Allocation Problem of Heterogeneous UAV Swarm in Unknown Environment.Qiang Peng, Husheng Wu & Na Li - 2022 - Complexity 2022:1-14.
    As a NP-hard problem that needs to be solved in real time, the dynamic task allocation problem of unmanned aerial vehicle swarm has gradually become a difficulty and hotspot in the current planning field. Aiming at the problems of poor real-time performance and low quality of the solution in the dynamic task allocation of heterogeneous UAV swarm in uncertain environment, this paper establishes a dynamic task allocation model that can meet the actual needs and uses (...)
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  19. Duties to Promote Just Institutions and the Citizenry as an Unorganized Group.Niels de Haan & Anne Schwenkenbecher - 2024 - In Säde Hormio & Bill Wringe, Collective Responsibility: Perspectives on Political Philosophy from Social Ontology. Springer.
    Many philosophers accept the idea that there are duties to promote or create just institutions. But are the addressees of such duties supposed to be individuals – the members of the citizenry? What does it mean for an individual to promote or create just institutions? According to the ‘Simple View’, the citizenry has a collective duty to create or promote just institutions, and each individual citizen has an individual duty to do their part in this collective project. The (...) view appears to work well with regard to – you guessed it – ‘simple’ scenarios but it is riddled with further questions and problems. In this chapter, we raise five problems for the Simple View: (a) We suggest that one cannot develop a view concerning the citizenry’s duty to promote just institutions in isolation from a conception of the ontological relationship between the state and its citizens; (b) We argue that it is not obvious that the citizenry is the right entity to be attributed duties in the first place; (c) We show that a plausible account of collective duties to promote just institutions must not remain silent on the complexities and difficulties amorphous, unorganized group face in vis-à-vis collective action; (d) We contend that without allocation principles for contributory duties amongst the citizenry, or – alternatively – a method for practical deliberation that is action-guiding in collective action contexts, the claim that the citizens have a collective duty to promote just institutions remains moot; and, finally, (e) We demonstrate that the problem of reasonable disagreement is a serious threat to a collective duty to promote or create just institutions – it potentially undermines such a duty altogether and allows for conflicting contributory duties amongst the citizenry. We hope that our discussion will ultimately help improve existing theories and conceptual frameworks with a view to better understanding citizens’ obligations to promote justice under non-ideal conditions. (shrink)
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  20.  67
    Ethics of Using Language Editing Services in An Era of Digital Communication and Heavily Multi-Authored Papers.George A. Lozano - 2014 - Science and Engineering Ethics 20 (2):363-377.
    Scientists of many countries in which English is not the primary language routinely use a variety of manuscript preparation, correction or editing services, a practice that is openly endorsed by many journals and scientific institutions. These services vary tremendously in their scope; at one end there is simple proof-reading, and at the other extreme there is in-depth and extensive peer-reviewing, proposal preparation, statistical analyses, re-writing and co-writing. In this paper, the various types of service are reviewed, along with authorship (...)
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  21.  88
    How Much is Due to Health Care Providers?: Albert Weale.Albert Weale - 1988 - Royal Institute of Philosophy Lecture Series 23:97-109.
    How much by way of economic reward is due to health care providers?Although this problem usually presents itself as a practical matter of policy, it has buried within it a number of philosophical issues, for it can be regarded as a question in the theory of economic justice. The formal principle of justice is that we should render persons what is due to them. But on what consideration in the case of health care providers can we make an assessment (...)
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  22.  32
    A Solution to the Biodiversity Paradox by Logical Deterministic Cellular Automata.Vyacheslav L. Kalmykov & Lev V. Kalmykov - 2015 - Acta Biotheoretica 63 (2):203-221.
    The paradox of biological diversity is the key problem of theoretical ecology. The paradox consists in the contradiction between the competitive exclusion principle and the observed biodiversity. The principle is important as the basis for ecological theory. On a relatively simple model we show a mechanism of indefinite coexistence of complete competitors which violates the known formulations of the competitive exclusion principle. This mechanism is based on timely recovery of limiting resources and their spatio-temporal allocation between competitors. (...)
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  23.  42
    The classification of psychiatric disorders according to DSM-5 deserves an internationally standardized psychological test battery on symptom level.Dalena Van Heugten - Van Der Kloet & Ton van Heugten - 2015 - Frontiers in Psychology 6:153486.
    Failings of a categorical systemFor decades, standardized classification systems have attempted to define psychiatric disorders in our mental health care system, with the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.; DSM-5; American Psychiatric Association (APA), 2013) and International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10th revision (ICD-10; World Health Organization, 2010) being internationally best-known. One of the major advantages of the DSM must be that it has seriously diminished the international linguistic confusion regarding psychiatric disorders. Since (...)
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  24. W poszukiwaniu ontologicznych podstaw prawa. Arthura Kaufmanna teoria sprawiedliwości [In Search for Ontological Foundations of Law: Arthur Kaufmann’s Theory of Justice].Marek Piechowiak - 1992 - Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN.
    Arthur Kaufmann is one of the most prominent figures among the contemporary philosophers of law in German speaking countries. For many years he was a director of the Institute of Philosophy of Law and Computer Sciences for Law at the University in Munich. Presently, he is a retired professor of this university. Rare in the contemporary legal thought, Arthur Kaufmann's philosophy of law is one with the highest ambitions — it aspires to pinpoint the ultimate foundations of law by explicitly (...)
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  25.  27
    Ethics and the Elderly: The Challenge of Long-Term Care by Sarah M. Moses, and: Loving Later Life: An Ethics of Aging by Frits de Lange.Dolores L. Christie - 2018 - Journal of the Society of Christian Ethics 38 (1):214-216.
    In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:Reviewed by:Ethics and the Elderly: The Challenge of Long-Term Care by Sarah M. Moses, and: Loving Later Life: An Ethics of Aging by Frits de LangeDolores L. ChristieEthics and the Elderly: The Challenge of Long-Term Care Sarah M. Moses maryknoll, ny: orbis, 2015. 206 pp. $38.00Loving Later Life: An Ethics of Aging Frits de Lange grand rapids, mi: eerdmans, 2015. 169 pp. $19.00Today many women and men live beyond (...)
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  26.  27
    Effect of Obesity on Arithmetic Processing in Preteens With High and Low Math Skills: An Event-Related Potentials Study.Graciela C. Alatorre-Cruz, Heather Downs, Darcy Hagood, Seth T. Sorensen, D. Keith Williams & Linda J. Larson-Prior - 2022 - Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 16.
    Preadolescence is an important period for the consolidation of certain arithmetic facts, and the development of problem-solving strategies. Obese subjects seem to have poorer academic performance in math than their normal-weight peers, suggesting a negative effect of obesity on math skills in critical developmental periods. To test this hypothesis, event-related potentials were collected during a delayed-verification math task using simple addition and subtraction problems in obese [above 95th body mass index percentile] and non-obese preteens with different levels of (...)
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  27.  18
    Patterns of Decision Making in Kidney Allocation Problems.Marlies Ahlert - 2001 - Analyse & Kritik 23 (2):262-270.
    Experts in the field of organ transplantation had to rank order a set of 32 patients according to their priority in receiving a donated kidney. The patients were described by the five characteristics that are incorporated in the kidney allocation algorithm applied by Eurotransplant. The priority rankings as defined by the experts were analyzed and patterns of dedsion making identified in the rankings investigated in this study. All patterns could be explained by some type of lexicographical ranking. The larger (...)
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  28.  18
    Improved maximin guarantees for subadditive and fractionally subadditive fair allocation problem.Masoud Seddighin & Saeed Seddighin - 2024 - Artificial Intelligence 327 (C):104049.
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  29.  42
    A Novel Intensive Distribution Logistics Network Design and Profit Allocation Problem considering Sharing Economy.Mi Gan, Shuai Yang, Dandan Li, Mingfei Wang, Si Chen, Ronghui Xie & Jiyang Liu - 2018 - Complexity 2018:1-15.
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  30.  95
    An Elementary Interpretation of the Gini Inequality Index.S. Subramanian - 2002 - Theory and Decision 52 (4):375-379.
    This note presents a very simple way of interpreting the Gini coefficient of inequality, in `equivalent' welfare terms, as the proportion of a cake of given size going to the poorer of two individuals in a two-person cake-sharing problem.
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  31.  29
    A Cost-Benefit Analysis of Capacitor Allocation Problem in Radial Distribution Networks Using an Improved Stochastic Fractal Search Algorithm.Phuoc Tri Nguyen, Thi Nguyen Anh, Dieu Vo Ngoc & Tung Le Thanh - 2020 - Complexity 2020:1-32.
    This research proposes a modified metaheuristic optimization algorithm, named as improved stochastic fractal search, which is formed based on the integration of the quasiopposition-based learning and chaotic local search schemes into the original SFS algorithm for solving the optimal capacitor placement in radial distribution networks. The test problem involves the determination of the optimal number, location, and size of fixed and switched capacitors at different loading conditions so that the network total yearly cost is minimized with simultaneous fulfillment of (...)
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  32.  27
    Learning Simple Things: A Connectionist Learning Problem from Various Perspectives.Edward P. Stabler - 1988 - PSA: Proceedings of the Biennial Meeting of the Philosophy of Science Association 1988:424 - 441.
    The performance of a connectionist learning system on a simple problem has been described by Hinton and is briefly reviewed here: a finite set is learned from a finite collection of finite sets, and the system generalizes correctly from partial information by finding simple "features" of the environment. For comparison, a very similar problem is formulated in the Gold paradigm of discrete learning functions. To get generalization similar to the connectionist system, a non-conservative learning strategy is (...)
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  33. Resource Allocation and the Duty to Give Reasons.John Stanton-Ife - 2006 - Health Care Analysis 14 (3):145-156.
    In a much cited phrase in the famous English ‘Child B’ case, Mr Justice Laws intimated that in life and death cases of scarce resources it is not sufficient for health care decision-makers to ‘toll the bell of tight resources’: they must also explain the system of priorities they are using. Although overturned in the Court of Appeal, the important question remains of the extent to which health-care decision-makers have a duty to give reasons for their decisions. In this paper, (...)
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  34.  59
    What causes failure to apply the Pigeonhole Principle in simple reasoning problems?Hugo Mercier, Guy Politzer & Dan Sperber - 2017 - Thinking and Reasoning 23 (2):184-189.
    The Pigeonhole Principle states that if n items are sorted into m categories and if n > m, then at least one category must contain more than one item. For instance, if 22 pigeons are put into 17 pigeonholes, at least one pigeonhole must contain more than one pigeon. This principle seems intuitive, yet when told about a city with 220,000 inhabitants none of whom has more than 170,000 hairs on their head, many people think that it is merely likely (...)
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  35.  28
    An investigation of the alleged function of emphasis in a simple discrimination problem.E. H. Porter - 1941 - Journal of Experimental Psychology 28 (1):77.
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  36. Competing allocation principles: time for compromise? [REVIEW]Lars Schwettmann - 2012 - Theory and Decision 73 (3):357-380.
    A small set of allocation principles is said to be behind several theories of distributive justice. However, disagreement about the appropriate relationship between these notions remains, so that compromises between principles may generate more agreement. Truncated utilitarianism is a prominent candidate. It demands maximising total wealth subject to a floor level of individual wealth for all people. Based on some well-known distributive notions, we developed a questionnaire setting and confronted student respondents with corresponding allocation problems, where an exogenously (...)
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  37. Ethical heuristics for pandemic allocation of ventilators across hospitals.César Palacios-González, Jonathan Pugh, Dominic Wilkinson & Julian Savulescu - 2022 - Developing World Bioethics 22 (1):34-43.
    In response to the COVID‐19 pandemic philosophers and governments have proposed scarce resource allocation guidelines. Their purpose is to advise healthcare professionals on how to ethically allocate scarce medical resources. One challenging feature of the pandemic has been the large numbers of patients needing mechanical ventilatory support. Guidelines have paradigmatically focused on the question of what doctors should do if they have fewer ventilators than patients who need respiratory support: which patient should get the ventilator? There is, however, an (...)
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  38. Allocating the Burdens of Climate Action: Consumption-Based Carbon Accounting and the Polluter-Pays Principle.Ross Mittiga - 2018 - In Beth Edmondson & Stuart Levy, Transformative Climates and Accountable Governance. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 157-194.
    Action must be taken to combat climate change. Yet, how the costs of climate action should be allocated among states remains a question. One popular answer—the polluter-pays principle (PPP)—stipulates that those responsible for causing the problem should pay to address it. While intuitively plausible, the PPP has been subjected to withering criticism in recent years. It is timely, following the Paris Agreement, to develop a new version: one that does not focus on historical production-based emissions but rather allocates climate (...)
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  39.  79
    Resource allocation: a plea for a touch of realism.P. Whitaker - 1990 - Journal of Medical Ethics 16 (3):129-131.
    The problem of resource allocation in health has stimulated much thought and research, in attempts to provide objective, rational methods by which necessary choices can be made. One such method was proposed in a paper in this journal. The authors argued for a utilitarian approach, which they claimed to demonstrate was acceptable to society at large. This paper argues that the evidence supporting such a claim was flawed; such a utilitarian approach is not socially acceptable, and is therefore (...)
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  40. Legitimate allocation of public healthcare: Beyond accountability for reasonableness.Sigurd Lauridsen & Kasper Lippert-Rasmussen - 2009 - Public Health Ethics 2 (1):59-69.
    PhD, Institute of Public Health, Unit of Medical Philosophy and Clinical Theory, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, P.O. Box 2099 1014 Copenhagen. Tel: +45 30 32 33 63; Email: s.lauridsen{at}pubhealth.ku.dk ' + u + '@ ' + d + ' '/ /- ->Citizens’ consent to political decisions is often regarded as a necessary condition of political legitimacy. Consequently, legitimate allocation of healthcare has seemed almost unattainable in contemporary pluralistic societies. The problem is that citizens do not agree (...)
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  41. Simple solutions to complex problems : spontaneous generation in [Aristotle], Problemata physica X.Robert Mayhew - 2025 - In David Lefebvre, The science of life in Aristotle and the early Peripatos. Boston: Brill.
     
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  42. A simple treatment of church's theorem on the decision problem.Thomas Schwartz - forthcoming - Logique Et Analyse.
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  43.  49
    Fair Resource Allocation to Health Research: Priority Topics for Bioethics Scholarship.Adnan A. Hyder & Bridget Pratt - 2017 - Bioethics 31 (4):454-466.
    This article draws attention to the limited amount of scholarship on what constitutes fairness and equity in resource allocation to health research by individual funders. It identifies three key decisions of ethical significance about resource allocation that research funders make regularly and calls for prioritizing scholarship on those topics – namely, how health resources should be fairly apportioned amongst public health and health care delivery versus health research, how health research resources should be fairly allocated between health problems (...)
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  44.  43
    Task Allocation and the Logic of Research Questions: How Ants Challenge Human Sociobiology.Ryan Ketcham - 2019 - Biological Theory 14 (1):52-68.
    After biologist Deborah Gordon made a series of experimental discoveries in the 1980s, she argued that a change in terminology regarding the division of labor among castes of specialists was needed. Gordon’s investigations of the interactive effects of ants in colonies led her to believe that the established approach Edward O. Wilson had pioneered was biased in a way that made some alternative candidate adaptive explanations invisible. Gordon argued that this was because the term “division of labor” implied a division (...)
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  45.  37
    Allocation of scarce resources in Africa during COVID‐19: Utility and justice for the bottom of the pyramid?Keymanthri Moodley, Stuart Rennie, Frieda Behets, Adetayo Emmanuel Obasa, Robert Yemesi, Laurent Ravez, Patrick Kayembe, Darius Makindu, Alwyn Mwinga & Walter Jaoko - 2020 - Developing World Bioethics 21 (1):36-43.
    The COVID‐19 pandemic has raised important universal public health challenges. Conceiving ethical responses to these challenges is a public health imperative but must take context into account. This is particularly important in sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA). In this paper, we examine how some of the ethical recommendations offered so far in high‐income countries might appear from a SSA perspective. We also reflect on some of the key ethical challenges raised by the COVID‐19 pandemic in low‐income countries suffering from chronic shortages in (...)
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  46.  39
    “A simple post-growth life”: The Green Camp Gallery Project as Lived Ecotopia in Urban South Africa.Antje Daniel - 2022 - Utopian Studies 33 (2):274-290.
    ABSTRACT Utopias in Africa is an emerging academic field. While we are witnessing an increasing number of fictional and ideological utopias, little attention is paid to lived utopias. The Green Camp Gallery Project is such a lived utopia, which predominantly strives for realizing desired future imaginations in daily practices. Localized in the urban context of Durban, in a derelict house in the industrial area, the Green Camp strives for a “simple post-growth life,” which is closely related to nature and (...)
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  47.  31
    Allocation of single-use drugs in children in global compassionate use programs.Clemens Miller - 2022 - Ethik in der Medizin 34 (4):497-514.
    Definition of the problem Compassionate use is the use of unapproved drugs in groups of patients suffering from a disease that, in the absence of an alternative treatment option, is life-threatening or leads to severe disability. Physicians are not in charge because access to the drug is only granted by pharmaceutical companies, which comes along with many ethical issues. Launched in 2020, the program of Onasemnogenum abeparvovecum against spinal muscular atrophy in children reached a new dimension. The intent of (...)
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  48.  88
    Courts, Expertise and Resource Allocation: Is there a Judicial 'Legitimacy Problem'?Keith Syrett - 2014 - Public Health Ethics 7 (2):112-122.
    Courts are increasingly obliged to adjudicate upon challenges to allocative decisions in healthcare, but their involvement continues to be regarded with unease, imperilling the legitimacy of the judicial role in this context. A central reason for this is that judges are perceived to lack sufficient expertise to determine allocative questions. This article critically appraises the claim of lack of judicial expertise through an examination of the various components of a limit-setting decision. It is argued that the inexpertise argument is weak (...)
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  49.  19
    Fair allocations in large economies with unequal production skills.Susumu Cato - 2012 - International Journal of Economic Theory 8 (4):321–336.
    This paper considers the problem of fair allocation among individuals with unequal production skills. We introduce the concept of productivity‐adjusted average no‐envy. It is shown that equal‐income Walrasian allocations are the only surviving allocations that are productivity‐adjusted average envy‐free and efficient when the original economy is infinitely replicated. We also examine local versions of productivity‐adjusted average no‐envy and other equity concepts.
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  50.  6
    A Simple Solution to the Scope Problem.Jacob Barrett - 2025 - Ergo: An Open Access Journal of Philosophy 12.
    According to the desire-satisfaction theory of welfare, something is good for me to the extent that I desire it. This theory faces the “scope problem”: many of the things I desire, intuitively, lie beyond the scope of my welfare. Here, I argue that a simple solution to this problem is available. First, I suggest that it is a general feature of desires that they can differ not only in their objects but also in their “targets,” or for (...)
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