Results for 'State-morphism-operator'

968 found
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  1.  62
    State-morphism MV-algebras.Antonio Di Nola & Anatolij Dvurečenskij - 2010 - Annals of Pure and Applied Logic 161 (2):161-173.
    We present a stronger variation of state MV-algebras, recently presented by T. Flaminio and F. Montagna, which we call state-morphism MV-algebras. Such structures are MV-algebras with an internal notion, a state-morphism operator. We describe the categorical equivalences of such state MV-algebras with the category of unital Abelian ℓ-groups with a fixed state operator and present their basic properties. In addition, in contrast to state MV-algebras, we are able to describe all (...)
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  2.  42
    Subdirectly irreducible state-morphism BL-algebras.Anatolij Dvurečenskij - 2011 - Archive for Mathematical Logic 50 (1-2):145-160.
    Recently Flaminio and Montagna (Proceedings of the 5th EUSFLAT Conference, II: 201–206. Ostrava, 2007), (Inter. J. Approx. Reason. 50:138–152, 2009) introduced the notion of a state MV-algebra as an MV-algebra with internal state. We have two kinds: state MV-algebras and state-morphism MV-algebras. These notions were also extended for state BL-algebras in (Soft Comput. doi:10.1007/s00500-010-0571-5). In this paper, we completely describe subdirectly irreducible state-morphism BL-algebras and this generalizes an analogous result for state- (...) MV-algebras presented in (Ann. Pure Appl. Logic 161:161–173, 2009). (shrink)
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  3.  41
    Erratum to “State-morphism MV-algebras” [Ann. Pure Appl. Logic 161 (2009) 161–173].Antonio Di Nola, A. Dvurečenskij & Ada Lettieri - 2010 - Annals of Pure and Applied Logic 161 (12):1605-1607.
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  4.  60
    States and operators in the spacetime algebra.Chris Doran, Anthony Lasenby & Stephen Gull - 1993 - Foundations of Physics 23 (9):1239-1264.
    The spacetime algebra (STA) is the natural, representation-free language for Dirac's theory of the electron. Conventional Pauli, Dirac, Weyl, and Majorana spinors are replaced by spacetime multivectors, and the quantum σ- and γ-matrices are replaced by two-sided multivector operations. The STA is defined over the reals, and the role of the scalar unit imaginary of quantum mechanics is played by a fixed spacetime bivector. The extension to multiparticle systems involves a separate copy of the STA for each particle, and it (...)
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  5.  53
    A 2-categorial generalization of the concept of institution.J. Soliveres Tur - 2010 - Studia Logica 95 (3):301 - 344.
    After defining, for each many-sorted signature Σ = (S, Σ), the category Ter ( Σ ), of generalized terms for Σ (which is the dual of the Kleisli category for , the monad in Set S determined by the adjunction from Set S to Alg ( Σ ), the category of Σ -algebras), we assign, to a signature morphism d from Σ to Λ , the functor from Ter ( Σ ) to Ter ( Λ ). Once defined the (...)
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  6.  32
    A 2-categorial Generalization of the Concept of Institution.J. Climent Vidal & J. Soliveres Tur - 2010 - Studia Logica 95 (3):301-344.
    After defining, for each many-sorted signature Σ = (S, Σ), the category Ter(Σ), of generalized terms for Σ (which is the dual of the Kleisli category for TΣ{\mathbb {T}_{\bf \Sigma}}, the monad in Set S determined by the adjunction TΣGΣ{{\bf T}_{\bf \Sigma} \dashv {\rm G}_{\bf \Sigma}} from Set S to Alg(Σ), the category of Σ-algebras), we assign, to a signature morphism d from Σ to Λ, the functor d{{\bf d}_\diamond} from Ter(Σ) to Ter(Λ). Once defined the mappings that assign, (...)
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  7.  90
    On the Joint Distribution of Observables.Beloslav Riečan - 2000 - Foundations of Physics 30 (10):1679-1686.
    A general algebraic system M is considered with two binary operations. The family of all measurable functions with values in the unit interval is a motivating example. A state is a morphism from M to the unit interval, an observable is a morphism from the family of Borel sets to M. A joint distribution of two observables is constructed. It is applied for the construction of the sum of observables and for a representation of conditional probability.
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  8.  35
    Categorial subsystem independence as morphism co-possibility.Zalán Gyenis & Miklós Rédei - 2017 - Communications in Mathematical Physics.
    This paper formulates a notion of independence of subobjects of an object in a general (i.e. not necessarily concrete) category. Subobject independence is the categorial generalization of what is known as subsystem independence in the context of algebraic relativistic quantum field theory. The content of subobject independence formulated in this paper is morphism co-possibility: two subobjects of an object will be defined to be independent if any two morphisms on the two subobjects of an object are jointly implementable by (...)
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  9.  36
    Timelines and Quantum Time Operators.Curt A. Moyer - 2015 - Foundations of Physics 45 (4):382-403.
    The failure of conventional quantum theory to recognize time as an observable and to admit time operators is addressed. Instead of focusing on the existence of a time operator for a given Hamiltonian, we emphasize the role of the Hamiltonian as the generator of translations in time to construct time states. Taken together, these states constitute what we call a timeline. Such timelines are adequate for the representation of any physical state, and appear to exist even for the (...)
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  10.  34
    Operational Restrictions in General Probabilistic Theories.Sergey N. Filippov, Stan Gudder, Teiko Heinosaari & Leevi Leppäjärvi - 2020 - Foundations of Physics 50 (8):850-876.
    The formalism of general probabilistic theories provides a universal paradigm that is suitable for describing various physical systems including classical and quantum ones as particular cases. Contrary to the usual no-restriction hypothesis, the set of accessible meters within a given theory can be limited for different reasons, and this raises a question of what restrictions on meters are operationally relevant. We argue that all operational restrictions must be closed under simulation, where the simulation scheme involves mixing and classical post-processing of (...)
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  11.  44
    Does State Community Benefits Regulation Influence Charity Care and Operational Efficiency in U.S. Non-profit Hospitals?Melvin A. Lamboy-Ruiz, James N. Cannon & Olena V. Watanabe - 2019 - Journal of Business Ethics 158 (2):441-465.
    Using a comprehensive sample of U.S. non-profit hospitals from 2011 to 2015, we examine the effects of state community benefits regulation on the amount of charity care provided by and the operational efficiency of U.S. non-profit hospitals. First, we document that, under such regulations, non-profit hospitals provide more charity care and less compensated care as a proportion of net revenue. We infer from these findings that CBR has the potential to increase both non-profit hospitals’ amount of charity care and (...)
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  12. Toward operational architectonics of consciousness: basic evidence from patients with severe cerebral injuries.Andrew A. Fingelkurts, Alexander A. Fingelkurts, Sergio Bagnato, Cristina Boccagni & Giuseppe Galardi - 2012 - Cognitive Processing 13 (2):111-131.
    Although several studies propose that the integrity of neuronal assemblies may underlie a phenomenon referred to as awareness, none of the known studies have explicitly investigated dynamics and functional interactions among neuronal assemblies as a function of consciousness expression. In order to address this question EEG operational architectonics analysis (Fingelkurts and Fingelkurts, 2001, 2008) was conducted in patients in minimally conscious (MCS) and vegetative states (VS) to study the dynamics of neuronal assemblies and operational synchrony among them as a function (...)
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  13. Operational architectonics of the human brain biopotential field: Toward solving the mind-brain problem.Andrew A. Fingelkurts & Alexander A. Fingelkurts - 2001 - Brain and Mind 2 (3):261-296.
    The understanding of the interrelationship between brain and mind remains far from clear. It is well established that the brain's capacity to integrate information from numerous sources forms the basis for cognitive abilities. However, the core unresolved question is how information about the "objective" physical entities of the external world can be integrated, and how unifiedand coherent mental states (or Gestalts) can be established in the internal entities of distributed neuronal systems. The present paper offers a unified methodological and conceptual (...)
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  14.  85
    Persistent operational synchrony within brain default-mode network and self-processing operations in healthy subjects.Andrew A. Fingelkurts & Alexander A. Fingelkurts - 2011 - Brain and Cognition 75 (2):79-90.
    Based on the theoretical analysis of self-consciousness concepts, we hypothesized that the spatio-temporal pattern of functional connectivity within the default-mode network (DMN) should persist unchanged across a variety of different cognitive tasks or acts, thus being task-unrelated. This supposition is in contrast with current understanding that DMN activated when the subjects are resting and deactivated during any attention-demanding cognitive tasks. To test our proposal, we used, in retrospect, the results from our two early studies ([Fingelkurts, 1998] and [Fingelkurts et al., (...)
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  15.  18
    "Object Theoretic-Operational" View of Physical Knowledge.Arkadiy Lipkin - 2008 - Proceedings of the Xxii World Congress of Philosophy 43:109-116.
    The "object theoretic operational view" suggests a new structure of physical knowledge. This view takes branches of physics as basic units. Its main concepts are primary (PIO) and secondary (SIO) ideal objects with the explicit definition of SIO through PIO and the implicit definition of PIOs within appropriate systems of statements, called a "nucleus of a branch of physics" (NBP). Within an NBP (which has a definite structure) the focus shifts from discovering "laws of nature" to definition of a physical (...)
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  16.  43
    Quantumness of States and Unitary Operations.Joanna Luc - 2020 - Foundations of Physics 50 (11):1645-1685.
    This paper investigates various properties that may by possessed by quantum states, which are believed to be specifically “quantum” and their opposites. It also considers their “absolute” counterparts in the following sense: a given state has a given property absolutely if after an arbitrary unitary transformation it still possesses it. The known relations between the listed properties and between their absolute counterparts are summarized. It is proven that the only two-qubit state that has zero quantum discord absolutely is (...)
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  17. Co-operation and human values: a study of moral reasoning.R. E. Ewin - 1981 - New York: St. Martin's Press.
    I shall be dealing, throughout this book, with a set of related problems: the relationship between morality and reasoning in general, the way in which moral reasoning is properly to be carried on, and why morality is not arbitrary. The solutions to these problems come out of the same train of argument. Morality is not arbitrary, I shall argue, because the acceptance of certain qualities of character as virtues and the rejection of others as vices is forced on us by (...)
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  18. Operational analysis.P. W. Bridgman - 1938 - Philosophy of Science 5 (2):114-131.
    In the October 1937 number of Philosophy of Science Lindsay has made certain criticisms of the adequacy of the “operational method” of analyzing and giving meaning to the concepts of physics, documenting his criticisms chiefly from my own writings. In these criticisms he has made statements as to the method which I would by no means accept. This is not characteristic of his paper only, for I have seldom indeed seen a printed discussion of the method which I would accept (...)
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  19.  21
    Operational Characteristics of Institutional Review Boards in the United States.Genevieve L. Nesom, Iraklis Petrof & Tyler M. Moore - forthcoming - AJOB Empirical Bioethics:1-11.
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  20. The operator theory of instantiation.Peter Forrest - 2006 - Australasian Journal of Philosophy 84 (2):213 – 228.
    Armstrong holds the Supervenience Theory of instantiation, namely that the instantiation of universals by particulars supervenes upon what particulars and what universals there are, where supervenience is stipulated to be explanatory or dependent supervenience. I begin by rejecting the Supervenience Theory of instantiation. Having done so it is then tempting to take instantiation as primitive. This has, however, an awkward consequence, undermining one of the main advantages universals have over tropes. So I examine another account hinted at by Armstrong. This (...)
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  21.  23
    United States University Co-Operation in Latin America.Richard N. Adams & Charles G. Cumberland - 1961 - British Journal of Educational Studies 9 (2):116.
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  22.  37
    Special operations remote advise and assist: an ethics assessment.Deane-Peter Baker - 2019 - Ethics and Information Technology 21 (1):1-10.
    United States Army Special Forces who deployed to Iraq in mid-2014, and who were seeking to help Iraqi forces to combat Islamic State faced a considerable challenge: how could a force of fewer than 50 operators provide guidance and support to their Iraqi allies while also keeping in line with Washington’s policy of seeking to avoid any possibility of combat casualties among deployed U.S. Special Forces? Their solution to this dilemma came to be dubbed ‘Remote Advise and Assist’. By (...)
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  23.  34
    Power Average Operators of Trapezoidal Cubic Fuzzy Numbers and Application to Multi-attribute Group Decision Making.Muhammad Shakeel, Saleem Abdullah, Fazli Amin & Aliya Fahmi - 2019 - Journal of Intelligent Systems 29 (1):1643-1661.
    Trapezoidal cubic fuzzy numbers (TzCFNs) are an extraordinary cubic fuzzy set on a real number set. TzCFNs are useful for dealing with well-known quantities in decision data and decision making problems themselves. This paper is about multi-attribute group decision making problems in which the attribute values are stated with TzCFNs, which are solved by developing a new decision method based on power average operators of TzCFNs. The new operation laws for TzCFNs are given. Hereby, the power average operator of (...)
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  24.  47
    (1 other version)Subject-Matter and Intensional Operators III: State-Sensitive Subject-Matter and Topic Sufficiency.Thomas Macaulay Ferguson - 2024 - Review of Symbolic Logic 17 (4):1070-1096.
    Logical frameworks that are sensitive to features of sentences’ subject-matter—like Berto’s topic-sensitive intentional modals (TSIMs)—demand a maximally faithful model of the topics of sentences. This is an especially difficult task in the case in which topics are assigned to intensional formulae. In two previous papers, a framework was developed whose model of intensional subject-matter could accommodate a wider range of intuitions about particular intensional conditionals. Although resolving a number of counterintuitive features, the work made an implicit assumption that the subject-matter (...)
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  25.  65
    Long-Term (Six Years) Clinical Outcome Discrimination of Patients in the Vegetative State Could be Achieved Based on the Operational Architectonics EEG Analysis: A Pilot Feasibility Study.Andrew A. Fingelkurts, Alexander A. Fingelkurts, Sergio Bagnato, Cristina Boccagni & Giuseppe Galardi - 2016 - The Open Neuroimaging Journal 10:69-79.
    Electroencephalogram (EEG) recordings are increasingly used to evaluate patients with disorders of consciousness (DOC) or assess their prognosis outcome in the short-term perspective. However, there is a lack of information concerning the effectiveness of EEG in classifying long-term (many years) outcome in chronic DOC patients. Here we tested whether EEG operational architectonics parameters (geared towards consciousness phenomenon detection rather than neurophysiological processes) could be useful for distinguishing a very long-term (6 years) clinical outcome of DOC patients whose EEGs were registered (...)
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  26.  30
    Indigenous patrimonialization as an operation of the liberal state.Patricio Espinosa & Gonzalo Bustamante-Kuschel - 2021 - Philosophy and Social Criticism 48 (6):882-903.
    Philosophy & Social Criticism, Volume 48, Issue 6, Page 882-903, July 2022. Indigenous conservation through patrimonialization is the product of political and legal decisions made by a non-indigenous agent: the liberal state, using the law to retain a form of bios. We propose that patrimonialization is the device by which liberal states have processed and integrated indigenous claims into a form of bios ultimately designed to safeguard state legal structures. We argue that, to uphold the rule of law (...)
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  27.  15
    Supervised Classification of Operator Functional State Based on Physiological Data: Application to Drones Swarm Piloting.Alexandre Kostenko, Philippe Rauffet & Gilles Coppin - 2022 - Frontiers in Psychology 12.
    To improve the safety and the performance of operators involved in risky and demanding missions, human-machine cooperation should be dynamically adapted, in terms of dialogue or function allocation. To support this reconfigurable cooperation, a crucial point is to assess online the operator’s ability to keep performing the mission. The article explores the concept of Operator Functional State, then it proposes to operationalize this concept on the specific activity of drone swarm monitoring, carried out by 22 participants on (...)
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  28. An Operational Definition of Institutional Beliefs.Cuizhu Wang, Simon Graf & Konrad Werner - forthcoming - In Adam Dyrda, Maciej Juzaszek, Bartosz Biskup & Cuizhu Wang, Ethics of Institutional Beliefs: From Theoretical to Empirical. Edward Elgar.
    Some of our beliefs are institutional; that is, beliefs whose content is to a large extent shaped by institutions, such as beliefs about intellectual property, trade policy, or traffic rules. In this chapter, we propose a novel account of institutional beliefs, as we call them. In particular, we argue that institutional beliefs are primarily attributable to social entities, such as groups or collectives, and only secondarily to individual agents. This is because institutional beliefs respond to specific problems that, in principle, (...)
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  29.  95
    The Chief Role of Frontal Operational Module of the Brain Default Mode Network in the Potential Recovery of Consciousness from the Vegetative State: A Preliminary Comparison of Three Case Reports.Andrew A. Fingelkurts, Alexander A. Fingelkurts, Sergio Bagnato, Cristina Boccagni & Giuseppe Galardi - 2016 - The Open Neuroimaging Journal 10:41-51.
    It has been argued that complex subjective sense of self is linked to the brain default-mode network (DMN). Recent discovery of heterogeneity between distinct subnets (or operational modules - OMs) of the DMN leads to a reconceptualization of its role for the experiential sense of self. Considering the recent proposition that the frontal DMN OM is responsible for the first-person perspective and the sense of agency, while the posterior DMN OMs are linked to the continuity of ‘I’ experience (including autobiographical (...)
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  30.  16
    Post-operative glioblastoma multiforme segmentation with uncertainty estimation.Michal Holtzman Gazit, Rachel Faran, Kirill Stepovoy, Oren Peles & Reuben Ruby Shamir - 2022 - Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 16:932441.
    Segmentation of post-operative glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is essential for the planning of Tumor Treating Fields (TTFields) treatment and other clinical applications. Recent methods developed for pre-operative GBM segmentation perform poorly on post-operative GBM MRI scans. In this paper we present a method for the segmentation of GBM in post-operative patients. Our method incorporates an ensemble of segmentation networks and the Kullback–Leibler divergence agreement score in the objective function to estimate the prediction label uncertainty and cope with noisy labels and inter-observer (...)
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  31.  30
    Organized Rescue Operations in Europe and the United States, 1933-1945.Tibor Frank - 2011 - In Frank Tibor, In Defence of Learning: The Plight, Persecution, and Placement of Academic Refugees, 1933-1980s. pp. 143.
    After Adolf Hitler came to power in Germany in January 1933, organized rescue operations in both Europe and the United States were put in place to save European intellectuals before or after their exile. However, it was mostly the brilliant and the productive who were helped in coming to America. From among the victims of Nazism, American foundations and endowments, universities, and research institutions primarily supported those who were viewed as having the greatest potential usefulness for the United States. This (...)
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  32.  31
    Operating as Experimenting: Synthesizing Engineering and Scientific Values in Nuclear Power Production.Constance Perin - 1998 - Science, Technology and Human Values 23 (1):98-128.
    Four hundred seventy-six nuclear power plants are in operation or under construction around the world. Are concepts for designing and operating plants safely sufficient? Conventional approaches are premised on expectations of predictability and control of radiation release and on assumptions that plant operations are closed systems. Field observations in the industry find, however, that the periodic necessity to refuel, test safety equipment, and continuously upgrade plant designs introduces challenges to control not originally calculated. The social and cultural contexts of markets, (...)
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  33.  3
    Operational equivalence and causal structure.Gábor Hofer-Szabó - 2025 - European Journal for Philosophy of Science 15 (2):1-30.
    In operational quantum mechanics two measurements are called operationally equivalent if they yield the same distribution of outcomes in every quantum state and hence are represented by the same operator. In this paper, I will show that the ontological models for quantum mechanics and, more generally, for any operational theory sensitively depend on which measurement we choose from the class of operationally equivalent measurements, or more precisely, which of the chosen measurements can be performed simultaneously. To this goal, (...)
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  34.  27
    Field operators and their spectral properties in finite-dimensional quantum field theory.Vladimir Naroditsky - 1985 - Foundations of Physics 15 (3):319-331.
    In Ref. 1 we have considered the finite-dimensional quantum mechanics. There the quantum mechanical space of states wasV=C r. It is known that the second quantization of this space is the space of square-summable functions of finite number of variables(L 2(Rr,dx)) (Segal isomorphism). Creation and annihilation operators were introduced in Ref. 1, and the former coincided with the usual position and momentum operators in the conventional quantum mechanics. In this paper we shall investigate the spectral properties of field operators. We (...)
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  35. Introduction to operations research.Frederick S. Hillier - 1967 - San Francisco,: Holden-Day. Edited by Gerald J. Lieberman.
    For over four decades, "Introduction to Operations Research" by Frederick Hillier has been the classic text on operations research. While building on the classic strengths of the text, the author continues to find new ways to make the text current and relevant to students. One way is by incorporating a wealth of state-of-the-art, user-friendly software and more coverage of business applications than ever before. The hallmark features of this edition include clear and comprehensive coverage of fundamentals, an extensive set (...)
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  36.  31
    Operating in a Contemporary Safety Net.Jason D. Keune - 2015 - Narrative Inquiry in Bioethics 5 (1):12-14.
    In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:Operating in a Contemporary Safety NetJason D. KeuneIt is summer, and I have just started my fourth year of general surgery residency, having just returned from two years in the lab. My “lab years” were spent as a Scholar–in–Residence of the American College of Surgeons. The scholarship that I engaged in included obtaining an MBA and a Graduate Certificate in Professional Ethics. The ethics component was self–designed with help (...)
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  37.  26
    Definable Operators on Stable Set Lattices.Robert Goldblatt - 2020 - Studia Logica 108 (6):1263-1280.
    A fundamental result from Boolean modal logic states that a first-order definable class of Kripke frames defines a logic that is validated by all of its canonical frames. We generalise this to the level of non-distributive logics that have a relational semantics provided by structures based on polarities. Such structures have associated complete lattices of stable subsets, and these have been used to construct canonical extensions of lattice-based algebras. We study classes of structures that are closed under ultraproducts and whose (...)
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  38. Imagining stories: attitudes and operators.Neil Van Leeuwen - 2021 - Philosophical Studies 178 (2):639-664.
    This essay argues that there are theoretical benefits to keeping distinct—more pervasively than the literature has done so far—the psychological states of imagining that p versus believing that in-the-story p, when it comes to cognition of fiction and other forms of narrative. Positing both in the minds of a story’s audience helps explain the full range of reactions characteristic of story consumption. This distinction also has interesting conceptual and explanatory dimensions that haven’t been carefully observed, and the two mental (...) types make distinct contributions to generating emotional responses to stories. Finally, the differences between the mental states illuminate how a given story can be both shared with others and at the same time experienced as personal. (shrink)
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  39. The Selfish Goal: Autonomously operating motivational structures as the proximate cause of human judgment and behavior.Julie Y. Huang & John A. Bargh - 2014 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 37 (2):121-135.
    We propose the Selfish Goal model, which holds that a person's behavior is driven by psychological processes called goals that guide his or her behavior, at times in contradictory directions. Goals can operate both consciously and unconsciously, and when activated they can trigger downstream effects on a person's information processing and behavioral possibilities that promote only the attainment of goal end-states (and not necessarily the overall interests of the individual). Hence, goals influence a person as if the goals themselves were (...)
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  40.  5
    Knives Out: Evolving Trends in State Interference with UN Peacekeeping Operations.Dirk Druet - 2024 - Ethics and International Affairs 38 (4):464-478.
    While peacekeeping operations have always been heavily dependent on host-state support and international political backing, changes in the global geopolitical and technological landscapes have presented new forms of state interference intended to influence, undermine, and impair the activities of missions on the ground. Emerging parallel security actors, notably the Wagner Group, have cast themselves as directly or implicitly in competition with the security guarantee provided by peacekeepers, while the proliferation of mis- and disinformation and growing cybersecurity vulnerabilities present (...)
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  41. Probabilistic stability, agm revision operators and maximum entropy.Krzysztof Mierzewski - 2020 - Review of Symbolic Logic:1-38.
    Several authors have investigated the question of whether canonical logic-based accounts of belief revision, and especially the theory of AGM revision operators, are compatible with the dynamics of Bayesian conditioning. Here we show that Leitgeb's stability rule for acceptance, which has been offered as a possible solution to the Lottery paradox, allows to bridge AGM revision and Bayesian update: using the stability rule, we prove that AGM revision operators emerge from Bayesian conditioning by an application of the principle of maximum (...)
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  42.  61
    Conditional Probabilities and Density Operators in Quantum Modeling.John M. Myers - 2006 - Foundations of Physics 36 (7):1012-1035.
    Motivated by a recent proof of free choices in linking equations to the experiments they describe, I clarify some relations among purely mathematical entities featured in quantum mechanics (probabilities, density operators, partial traces, and operator-valued measures), thereby allowing applications of these entities to the modeling of a wider variety of physical situations. I relate conditional probabilities associated with projection-valued measures to conditional density operators identical, in some cases but not in others, to the usual reduced density operators. While a (...)
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  43.  3
    What Future for Peace Operations?Jennifer Welsh & Marie-Joëlle Zahar - 2024 - Ethics and International Affairs 38 (4):404-417.
    Long viewed as an example of effective multilateralism, UN peace operations are facing mounting challenges. Transformations in the landscape of conflict are outpacing their ability to respond. Rising expectations of peacekeeping have led to disenchantment with what they can deliver, while dis- and misinformation tactics undermine the efforts of the UN to make and build peace. As UN peace operations risk becoming another casualty of intensifying international tensions, great power rivalry, and the erosion of the rules and norms that govern (...)
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  44.  66
    Modal Dynamics for Positive Operator Measures.Jay Gambetta & H. M. Wiseman - 2004 - Foundations of Physics 34 (3):419-448.
    The modal interpretation of quantum mechanics allows one to keep the standard classical definition of realism intact. That is, variables have a definite status for all time and a measurement only tells us which value it had. However, at present modal dynamics are only applicable to situations that are described in the orthodox theory by projective measures. In this paper we extend modal dynamics to include positive operator measures. That is, for example, rather than using a complete set of (...)
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  45. Time reversal operations, representations of the Lorentz group, and the direction of time.Frank Arntzenius - 2004 - Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part B: Studies in History and Philosophy of Modern Physics 35 (1):31-43.
    A theory is usually said to be time reversible if whenever a sequence of states S 1 , S 2 , S 3 is possible according to that theory, then the reverse sequence of time reversed states S 3 T , S 2 T , S 1 T is also possible according to that theory; i.e., one normally not only inverts the sequence of states, but also operates on the states with a time reversal operator T . David Albert (...)
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  46. Explaining the Actuality Operator Away.John Mackay - 2017 - Philosophical Quarterly 67 (269):709-21.
    I argue that ‘actually’ does not have a reading according to which it is synonymous with the actuality operator of modal logic, and propose an alternative account of ‘actually’. The cases that have been thought to show that ‘actually’ is synonymous with the actuality operator are modal and counterfactual sentences in which an embedded clause's evaluation is held fixed at the world of the context. In these cases, though, this embedded clause's evaluation is not due to the presence (...)
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  47. Quantum mechanics and operational probability theory.E. G. Beltrametti & S. Bugajski - 2002 - Foundations of Science 7 (1-2):197-212.
    We discuss a generalization of the standard notion of probability space and show that the emerging framework, to be called operational probability theory, can be considered as underlying quantal theories. The proposed framework makes special reference to the convex structure of states and to a family of observables which is wider than the familiar set of random variables: it appears as an alternative to the known algebraic approach to quantum probability.
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    Time reversal operations, representations of the Lorentz group, and the direction of time.Frank Arntzenius - 2003 - Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part B: Studies in History and Philosophy of Modern Physics 35 (1):31-43.
    A theory is usually said to be time reversible if whenever a sequence of states S 1, S 2, S 3 is possible according to that theory, then the reverse sequence of time reversed states S 3 T, S 2 T, S 1 T is also possible according to that theory; i.e., one normally not only inverts the sequence of states, but also operates on the states with a time reversal operator T. David Albert and Paul Horwich have suggested (...)
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  49. Non-Commutative Operations in Consciousness Studies.Harald Atmanspacher - 2014 - Journal of Consciousness Studies 21 (3-4):24-39.
    Two operations, e.g. measurements, successively applied to the state of a system are said to be non-commutative if the sequence of their application makes a difference for the final result. Non-commuting operations play a crucial role in quantum theory, where they are intimately related to concepts as central as those of complementarity and entanglement. However, their significance is not restricted to the small dimensions of the microworld. For reasons easy to understand, non-commuting operations must be expected to be the (...)
     
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  50. Operators vs. Arguments: The Ins and Outs of Reification.Antony Galton - 2006 - Synthese 150 (3):415-441.
    So-called ‘reified temporal logics’ were introduced by researchers in Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the early 1980s, and gave rise to a long-running series of debates concerning the proper way to represent states, events, causation, action, and other notions identified as crucial to the knowledge representation needs of AI. These debates never resulted in a definitive resolution of the issues under discussion, and indeed continue to produce aftershocks to the present day; none the less, we are now sufficiently far removed in (...)
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