Results for 'Stella Baum'

974 found
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  1.  6
    Der verborgene Tod: Auskünfte über ein Tabu.Stella Baum - 1976 - Frankfurt am Main: S. Fischer.
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  2. Manfred Baum.Manfred Baum - 2005 - Cogito 41:31.
     
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  3.  42
    The Invention of Madness by Emily Baum: Reply by the author.Emily Baum - 2020 - Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part C: Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences 79:101206.
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  4. From Responsibility to Reason-Giving Explainable Artificial Intelligence.Kevin Baum, Susanne Mantel, Timo Speith & Eva Schmidt - 2022 - Philosophy and Technology 35 (1):1-30.
    We argue that explainable artificial intelligence (XAI), specifically reason-giving XAI, often constitutes the most suitable way of ensuring that someone can properly be held responsible for decisions that are based on the outputs of artificial intelligent (AI) systems. We first show that, to close moral responsibility gaps (Matthias 2004), often a human in the loop is needed who is directly responsible for particular AI-supported decisions. Second, we appeal to the epistemic condition on moral responsibility to argue that, in order to (...)
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  5. What Is Thought?Eric B. Baum - 2004 - Cambridge MA: Bradford Book/MIT Press.
    In What Is Thought? Eric Baum proposes a computational explanation of thought.
  6. Social choice ethics in artificial intelligence.Seth D. Baum - 2020 - AI and Society 35 (1):165-176.
    A major approach to the ethics of artificial intelligence is to use social choice, in which the AI is designed to act according to the aggregate views of society. This is found in the AI ethics of “coherent extrapolated volition” and “bottom–up ethics”. This paper shows that the normative basis of AI social choice ethics is weak due to the fact that there is no one single aggregate ethical view of society. Instead, the design of social choice AI faces three (...)
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  7. Long-Term Trajectories of Human Civilization.Seth D. Baum, Stuart Armstrong, Timoteus Ekenstedt, Olle Häggström, Robin Hanson, Karin Kuhlemann, Matthijs M. Maas, James D. Miller, Markus Salmela, Anders Sandberg, Kaj Sotala, Phil Torres, Alexey Turchin & Roman V. Yampolskiy - 2019 - Foresight 21 (1):53-83.
    Purpose This paper aims to formalize long-term trajectories of human civilization as a scientific and ethical field of study. The long-term trajectory of human civilization can be defined as the path that human civilization takes during the entire future time period in which human civilization could continue to exist. -/- Design/methodology/approach This paper focuses on four types of trajectories: status quo trajectories, in which human civilization persists in a state broadly similar to its current state into the distant future; catastrophe (...)
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  8.  50
    On the promotion of safe and socially beneficial artificial intelligence.Seth D. Baum - 2017 - AI and Society 32 (4):543-551.
    This paper discusses means for promoting artificial intelligence that is designed to be safe and beneficial for society. The promotion of beneficial AI is a social challenge because it seeks to motivate AI developers to choose beneficial AI designs. Currently, the AI field is focused mainly on building AIs that are more capable, with little regard to social impacts. Two types of measures are available for encouraging the AI field to shift more toward building beneficial AI. Extrinsic measures impose constraints (...)
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  9.  20
    (2 other versions)Kleine Schriften 1: Arbeiten Zur Theoretischen Philosophie Kants.Manfred Baum - 2019 - De Gruyter.
    Dieser Band ist der erste von drei Bänden kleiner Schriften Manfred Baums, die auch schwer zugängliche oder bisher unveröffentlichte Vorträge, Aufsätze und Artikel zur Geschichte der Philosophie versammeln. Er enthält Arbeiten zur theoretischen Philosophie Kants und zu ihrer Rezeption.
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  10.  85
    Artificial Intelligence Needs Environmental Ethics.Seth D. Baum & Andrea Owe - 2023 - Ethics, Policy and Environment 26 (1):139-143.
    Since around 2012, there has been a ‘deep learning revolution’ in artificial intelligence (AI) that has brought AI to the forefront of many sectors of human activity. As new AI technology has sprea...
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  11.  37
    Logic.Robert Baum - 1975 - New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.
    For more than twenty years, introductory logic students have relied on this text to provide clear lessons as well as practical applications of the discipline. Robert Baum emphasizes formal logic and utilizes such elements of popular culture as cartoons and advertisements to illustrate technical concepts. Logic, 4/e addresses all the basic concepts, including informal analysis of statements, arguments, Aristotelian logic, propositional logic, quantificational logic, enumerative induction, the scientific method, probability, informal fallacies, definitions, and applied logic. As with previous editions, (...)
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  12.  44
    “Listen to the People”: Public Deliberation About Social Distancing Measures in a Pandemic.Nancy Baum, Peter Jacobson & Susan Goold - 2009 - American Journal of Bioethics 9 (11):4-14.
    Public engagement in ethically laden pandemic planning decisions may be important for transparency, creating public trust, improving compliance with public health orders, and ultimately, contributing to just outcomes. We conducted focus groups with members of the public to characterize public perceptions about social distancing measures likely to be implemented during a pandemic. Participants expressed concerns about job security and economic strain on families if businesses or school closures are prolonged. They shared opposition to closure of religious organizations, citing the need (...)
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  13. Kant, race, and natural history.Stella Sandford - 2018 - Philosophy and Social Criticism 44 (9):950-977.
    This article presents a new argument concerning the relation between Kant’s theory of race and aspects of the critical philosophy. It argues that Kant’s treatment of the problem of the systematic unity of nature and knowledge in the Critique of Pure Reason and the Critique of the Power of Judgment can be traced back a methodological problem in the natural history of the period – that of the possibility of a natural system of nature. Kant’s transformation of the methodological problem (...)
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  14.  97
    The Role of the National Science Foundation Broader Impacts Criterion in Enhancing Research Ethics Pedagogy.Seth D. Baum, Michelle Stickler, James S. Shortle, Klaus Keller, Kenneth J. Davis, Donald A. Brown, Erich W. Schienke & Nancy Tuana - 2009 - Social Epistemology 23 (3):317-336.
    The National Science Foundation's Second Merit Criterion, or Broader Impacts Criterion , was introduced in 1997 as the result of an earlier Congressional movement to enhance the accountability and responsibility as well as the effectiveness of federally funded projects. We demonstrate that a robust understanding and appreciation of NSF BIC argues for a broader conception of research ethics in the sciences than is currently offered in Responsible Conduct of Research training. This essay advocates augmenting RCR education with training regarding broader (...)
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  15.  38
    Reconciliation between factions focused on near-term and long-term artificial intelligence.Seth D. Baum - 2018 - AI and Society 33 (4):565-572.
    Artificial intelligence experts are currently divided into “presentist” and “futurist” factions that call for attention to near-term and long-term AI, respectively. This paper argues that the presentist–futurist dispute is not the best focus of attention. Instead, the paper proposes a reconciliation between the two factions based on a mutual interest in AI. The paper further proposes realignment to two new factions: an “intellectualist” faction that seeks to develop AI for intellectual reasons and a “societalist faction” that seeks to develop AI (...)
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  16.  66
    The Metaphysics of Love: Gender and Transcendence in Levinas.Stella Sandford - 2000 - Athlone Press.
    In The Metaphysics of Love, however, Stella Sandford argues that an over-emphasis on ethics in the reception of Levinas's thought has concealed the basis and ...
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  17.  28
    Arbeiten Zu Hegel Und Verwandten Themen.Manfred Baum - 2020 - De Gruyter.
    Dieser Band ist der dritte von drei Bänden kleiner Schriften Manfred Baums, die auch schwer zugängliche oder bisher unveröffentlichte Vorträge, Aufsätze und Artikel zur Geschichte der Philosophie versammeln. Er enthält Arbeiten zu Hegel und Hegel-verwandten Themen, sowie Untersuchungen zu Schelling, Hölderlin, Marx und Nietzsche in ihrer Beziehung zur hegelschen und kantschen Philosophie.
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  18.  52
    Looking Ahead: Addressing Ethical Challenges in Public Health Practice.Nancy M. Baum, Sarah E. Gollust, Susan D. Goold & Peter D. Jacobson - 2007 - Journal of Law, Medicine and Ethics 35 (4):657-667.
    In recent years, scholars have begun to lay the groundwork to justify a distinct application of ethics to the field of public health. They have highlighted important features that differentiate public health ethics from bioethics, especially public health’s emphasis on population health rather than issues of individual health. Articulations of public health ethics also tend to emphasize the role of social justice compared to the predominance of autonomy in the bioethical literature. Now that the field of public health ethics is (...)
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  19.  40
    Kants praktischer Platonismus.Manfred Baum - 2019 - Kantian Journal 38 (4):7-33.
    At the centre of discussion lies the reception of Plato’s philosophy, particularly his theory of Ideas, in Kant’s moral philosophy, his ethics and his doctrine of right. Kant saw himself as a follower of Platonism insofar as its anti-empiri­cist principles of human conduct are concerned, although his own version of practical rationalism differs considerably from Plato’s. This is also true of Kant’s conception of freedom and of human rights. The greatest impact on Kant’s moral philosophy is due to the doctrine (...)
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  20.  77
    Cultural evolution in laboratory microsocieties including traditions of rule giving and rule following.William M. Baum & Peter J. Richerson - unknown
    Experiments may contribute to understanding the basic processes of cultural evolution. We drew features from previous laboratory research with small groups in which traditions arose during several generations. Groups of four participants chose by consensus between solving anagrams printed on red cards and on blue cards. Payoffs for the choices differed. After 12 min, the participant who had been in the experiment the longest was removed and replaced with a naı¨ve person. These replacements, each of which marked the end of (...)
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  21.  19
    Deduktion und Beweis in Kants Transzendentalphilosophie: Untersuchungen zur Kritik der reinen Vernunft.Manfred Baum - 1986
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  22. Language Helps Children Succeed on a Classic Analogy Task.Stella Christie & Dedre Gentner - 2014 - Cognitive Science 38 (2):383-397.
    Adult humans show exceptional relational ability relative to other species. In this research, we trace the development of this ability in young children. We used a task widely used in comparative research—the relational match-to-sample task, which requires participants to notice and match the identity relation: for example, AA should match BB instead of CD. Despite the simplicity of this relation, children under 4 years of age failed to pass this test (Experiment 1), and their performance did not improve even with (...)
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  23.  43
    Decolonizing Critical Theory.Bruce Baum - 2015 - Constellations 22 (3):420-434.
  24.  29
    A theory of perceptual number encoding.Stella F. Lourenco & Lauren S. Aulet - 2023 - Psychological Review 130 (1):155-182.
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  25.  11
    Metaphysik in Kants Moralphilosophie.Manfred Baum - 2018 - In Violetta L. Waibel, Margit Ruffing & David Wagner (eds.), Natur und Freiheit: Akten des XII. Internationalen Kant-Kongresses. De Gruyter. pp. 419-440.
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  26.  9
    Zu Einer Kritischen Gesellschaftstheorie der Kommunikation: Erfahrungsarmut Und der Ausschluss von Ästhetik Und Hermeneutik Im Werke Habermas’.Markus Baum - 2018 - Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden.
    Markus Baum widmet sich zweier Begründungs- und Theorieformen: der Kommunikationstheorie Habermas’ und der älteren Kritischen Theorie. Sein Ziel ist es, aufzuzeigen, dass der Anspruch der Theorie des kommunikativen Handelns nur zu erfüllen ist, wenn spezifische Intentionen der älteren Kritischen Theorie in den Rahmen der Theorie Habermas’ überführt werden. Von dieser Diskussion ausgehend werden die Methode der hermeneutischen Interpretation, der Begriff des sozialen Kampfes und der Bereich des Ästhetischen behutsam im Paradigma der Intersubjektivität verortet, sodass sie nicht in Widerspruch zu (...)
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  27.  34
    Maximization theory: Some empirical problems.William M. Baum & John A. Nevin - 1981 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 4 (3):389-390.
  28.  47
    Reasoning from the Uterus: Casanova, Women's Agency, and the Philosophy of Birth.Stella Villarmea - 2021 - Hypatia 36 (1):22-41.
    The emerging area of philosophy of birth is invaluable, first, to diagnose fallacious assumptions about the relation between the womb and reason, and, ultimately, to challenge potentially damaging narratives with major impact on birth care. With its analysis of eighteenth-century epistemic and medical discussions about the role of the uterus in women's reasoning, this article supports two arguments: first, that women's “flawed thinking” was a premise drawn by many modern intellectual men, one that was presented as based upon empirical evidence; (...)
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  29.  45
    Against compromise in democracy? A plea for a fine‐grained assessment.Sandrine Baume & Yannis Papadopoulos - 2022 - Constellations 29 (4):475-491.
  30.  44
    The Recruitment of Shifting and Inhibition in On‐line Science and Mathematics Tasks.Stella Vosniadou, Dimitrios Pnevmatikos, Nikos Makris, Despina Lepenioti, Kalliopi Eikospentaki, Anna Chountala & Giorgos Kyrianakis - 2018 - Cognitive Science 42 (6):1860-1886.
    Prior research has investigated the recruitment of inhibition in the use of science/mathematics concepts in tasks that require the rejection of a conflicting, nonscientific initial concept. The present research examines if inhibition is the only EF skill recruited in such tasks and investigates whether shifting is also involved. It also investigates whether inhibition and/or shifting are recruited in tasks in which the use of science/mathematics concepts does not require the rejection of an initial concept, or which require only the use (...)
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  31. .Stella Sandford - 2016
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  32. J.S. Mill and liberal socialism.Bruce Baum - 2007 - In Nadia Urbinati & Alex Zakaras (eds.), J.S. Mill's Political Thought: A Bicentennial Reassessment. New York: Cambridge University Press.
  33.  15
    Recht und Ethik in Kants praktischer Philosophie.Manfred Baum - 2007 - In Jürgen Stolzenberg (ed.), Kant in der Gegenwart. New York: De Gruyter. pp. 213-226.
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  34.  40
    Mental Models of the Day/Night Cycle.Stella Vosniadou & William F. Brewer - 1994 - Cognitive Science 18 (1):123-183.
    This article presents the results of an experiment which investigated elementary school children's explanations of the day/night cycle. First, third, and fifth grade children were asked to explain certain phenomena, such as the disappearance of the sun during the night, the disappearance of stars during the day, the apparent movement of the moon, and the alteration of day and night. The results showed that the majority of the children in our sample used in a consistent fashion a small number of (...)
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  35. Individual Differences in the Neural and Cognitive Mechanisms of Single Word Reading.Simon Fischer-Baum, Jeong Hwan Kook, Yoseph Lee, Aurora Ramos-Nuñez & Marina Vannucci - 2018 - Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 12.
  36. The Monoamine Oxidase A (MAOA) Genetic Predisposition to Impulsive Violence: Is It Relevant to Criminal Trials?Matthew L. Baum - 2011 - Neuroethics 6 (2):287-306.
    In Italy, a judge reduced the sentence of a defendant by 1 year in response to evidence for a genetic predisposition to violence. The best characterized of these genetic differences, those in the monoamine oxidase A (MAOA), were cited as especially relevant. Several months previously in the USA, MAOA data contributed to a jury reducing charges from 1st degree murder (a capital offence) to voluntary manslaughter. Is there a rational basis for this type of use of MAOA evidence in criminal (...)
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  37. Origins and development of generalized magnitude representation.Stella F. Lourenco & Matthew R. Longo - 2011 - In Stanislas Dehaene & Elizabeth Brannon (eds.), Space, Time and Number in the Brain: Searching for the Foundations of Mathematical Thought. Oxford University Press. pp. 225--244.
     
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  38. Better to exist: a reply to Benatar.S. D. Baum - 2008 - Journal of Medical Ethics 34 (12):875-876.
    A recent exchange on Benatar’s book Better never to have been between Doyal and Benatar discusses Benatar’s bold claim that people should not be brought into existence. Here, I expand the discussion of original position that the exchange focused on. I also discuss the asymmetries, between benefit and harm and between existence and non-existence, upon which Benatar’s bold claim rests. In both discussions, I show how Benatar’s bold claim can be rejected.
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  39.  42
    Rehabilitating political parties: an examination of the writings of Hans Kelsen.Sandrine Baume - 2018 - Intellectual History Review 28 (3):425-449.
    This paper focuses on Hans Kelsen’s reflections on political parties. During the interwar period, Kelsen participated in a controversy over whether political parties were a necessary part of the democratic process. The debate forced Kelsen to produce a defence of political parties to emphasise their functionality and define their place in his particular definition of democracy. This contribution considers the following aspects. First, the reasons why Kelsen thought political parties are necessary for democratic life are explained. Second, the doctrinal oppositions (...)
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  40.  64
    Transparency: from Bentham’s inventory of virtuous effects to contemporary evidence-based scepticism.Sandrine Baume & Yannis Papadopoulos - 2018 - Critical Review of International Social and Political Philosophy 21 (2):169-192.
  41.  23
    Sittengesetz und Freiheit. Kant 1785 und 1788.Manfred Baum - 2014 - In Heiko Puls (ed.), Kants Rechtfertigung des Sittengesetzes in Grundlegung Iii: Deduktion Oder Faktum? Boston: De Gruyter. pp. 209-226.
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  42.  43
    Representation of letter position in spelling: Evidence from acquired dysgraphia.Simon Fischer-Baum, Michael McCloskey & Brenda Rapp - 2010 - Cognition 115 (3):466-490.
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  43.  26
    Kants Replik auf Reinhold.Manfred Baum - 2012 - In Violetta Stolz, Martin Bendeli & Marion Heinz (eds.), Wille, Willkür, Freiheit: Reinholds Freiheitskonzeption im Kontext der Philosophie des 18. Jahrhunders. de Gruyter. pp. 153-164.
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  44.  47
    Near space and its relation to claustrophobic fear.Stella F. Lourenco, Matthew R. Longo & Thanujeni Pathman - 2011 - Cognition 119 (3):448-453.
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  45.  21
    A Bayesian approach to relevance in game playing.Eric B. Baum & Warren D. Smith - 1997 - Artificial Intelligence 97 (1-2):195-242.
  46. Developmental causation and the problem of homology.David A. Baum - 2013 - Philosophy, Theory, and Practice in Biology 5 (20150505).
    While it is generally agreed that the concept of homology refers to individuated traits that have been inherited from common ancestry, we still lack an adequate account of trait individuation or inheritance. Here I propose that we utilize a counterfactual criterion of causation to link each trait with a developmental-causal (DC) gene. A DC gene is made up of the genetic information (which might or might not be physically contiguous in the genome) that is needed for the production of the (...)
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  47.  16
    Prior Concepts of the Metaphysics of Morals.Manfred Baum - 2013 - In Andreas Trampota, Oliver Sensen & Jens Timmermann (eds.), Kant’s “Tugendlehre”. A Comprehensive Commentary. Boston: Walter de Gruyter. pp. 113-138.
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  48.  10
    Die Hermeneutik Hans-Georg Gadamers als philosophia christiana: eine Interpretation von "Wahrheit und Methode" in christlich-theologischer Perspektive.Matthias Baum - 2020 - Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck.
    Der Glaube an die Wirkmacht des Wortes ist ein Herzstück protestantischer Theologie, aber nicht nur dieser. Er bildet genauso das Fundament der Hermeneutik Hans-Georg Gadamers. Denn Gadamer wie auch der Protestantismus gehen von der Annahme aus, dass der Mensch nicht Herr über das Wort ist. Die Wirkung des Wortes entzieht sich der menschlichen Kontrolle - und doch ereignet sich das Wort nicht willkürlich: Im Wort tut sich Wahrheit kund. Matthias Baum untersucht die Hermeneutik Gadamers aus christlichtheologischer Perspektive. Er leistet (...)
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  49.  13
    Fernand Dumont: a sociologist turns to theology.Gregory Baum - 2015 - Ithaca: McGill-Queen's University Press.
    Fernand Dumont (1927-1997) was a sociologist, philosopher, theologian, and poet. A prominent intellectual in Quebec, he is recognized for his research on the sociology of knowledge and the foundations of modern culture. Dumont's work conceives of culture in terms of both memory and distance, arguing that without culture, man would be immersed in the monotony of his present actions, never achieving the distance necessary to create a past or a future. In Fernand Dumont: A Sociologist Turns to Theology, Gregory (...) interprets Dumont's L'institution de la théologie, which studies the assumptions and commitments implicit in the rational reflection of Catholic thinkers on the meaning of their faith. Baum shows that while Dumont's book is preoccupied with the theoretical, its methodology is informed by the cognitive presuppositions of the social sciences, and its contents - dealing with the spiritual, personal, and social struggles that constitute daily life - are concrete. For Dumont religious truth is insufficient, and may have no impact on everyday life. What counts is relevance, insights that reply to urgent questions and unresolved conflicts. He offers an innovative interpretation of Catholicism that is faithful to the Gospel and relevant to the problems of modern life and the serious questions Quebecers are asking themselves. In Fernand Dumont: A Sociologist Turns to Theology, Baum elucidates Dumont's main ideas and connects the concerns of the Christian gospel with those of contemporary society. (shrink)
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  50.  9
    Logic: Study Guide.Robert Baum - 1995 - Oup Usa.
    For more than twenty years, introductory logic students have relied on this text to provide clear lessons as well as practical applications of the discipline. Robert Baum emphasizes formal logic and utilizes such elements of popular culture as cartoons and advertisements to illustrate technical concepts. Logic, 4/e addresses all the basic concepts, including informal analysis of statements, arguments, Aristotelian logic, propositional logic, quantificational logic, enumerative induction, the scientific method, probability, informal fallacies, definitions, and applied logic. As with previous editions, (...)
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