"The development of the calculus during the 17th century was successful in mathematical practice, but raised questions about the nature of infinitesimals: were they real or rather fictitious? This collection of essays, by scholars from Canada, the US, Germany, United Kingdom and Switzerland, gives a comprehensive study of the controversies over the nature and status of the infinitesimal. Aside from Leibniz, the scholars considered are Hobbes, Wallis, Newton, Bernoulli, Hermann, and Nieuwentijt. The collection also contains newly discovered marginalia of Leibniz (...) to the writings of Hobbes."--BOOK JACKET. (shrink)

There is now compelling evidence that motor imagery (MI) promotes motor learning. While MI has been shown to influence the early stages of the learning process, recent data revealed that sleep also contributes to the consolidation of the memory trace. How such “online” and “offline” processes take place and how they interact to impact the neural underpinnings of movements has received little attention. The aim of the present review is twofold: i) providing an overview of recent applied and fundamental studies (...) investigating the effects of MI practice on motor learning, and ii) detangling applied and fundamental findings in support of a sleep contribution to motor consolidation after MI practice. We conclude with an integrative approach of online and offline learning resulting from intense MI practice in healthy participants, and underline research avenues in the motor learning/clinical domains. (shrink)

To adequately model mathematical arguments the analyst must be able to represent the mathematical objects under discussion and the relationships between them, as well as inferences drawn about these objects and relationships as the discourse unfolds. We introduce a framework with these properties, which has been used to analyse mathematical dialogues and expository texts. The framework can recover salient elements of discourse at, and within, the sentence level, as well as the way mathematical content connects to form larger argumentative structures. (...) We show how the framework might be used to support computational reasoning, and argue that it provides a more natural way to examine the process of proving theorems than do Lamport’s structured proofs. (shrink)

The principles of autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, and justice are well established ethical principles in health research. Of these principles, justice has received less attention by health researchers. The purpose of this article is to broaden the discussion of health research ethics, particularly the ethical principle of justice, to include societal considerations — who and what are studied and why? — and to critique current applications of ethical principles within this broader view. We will use a feminist intersectional approach in the (...) context of health disparities research to firmly establish inseparable links between health research ethics, social action, and social justice. The aim is to provide an ethical approach to health disparities research that simultaneously describes and seeks to eliminate health disparities. (shrink)

Covert speech is accompanied by a subjective multisensory experience with auditory and kinaesthetic components. An influential hypothesis states that these sensory percepts result from a simulation of the corresponding motor action that relies on the same internal models recruited for the control of overt speech. This simulationist view raises the question of how it is possible to imagine speech without executing it. In this perspective, we discuss the possible role played by motor inhibition during covert speech production. We suggest that (...) considering covert speech as an inhibited form of overt speech maps naturally to the purported progressive internalization of overt speech during childhood. We further argue that the role of motor inhibition may differ widely across different forms of covert speech and that considering this variety helps reconciling seemingly contradictory findings from the neuroimaging literature. (shrink)

Till today Spinoza's "Ethics" is a standard for enlightened theoretical and practical reasoning.

Cette étude vise à identifier les facteurs associés à l’insatisfaction des jeunes adultes finlandais qui présentent une incapacité physique majeure, avec ou sans déficience intellectuelle concomitante, à la suite de leur transition des services santé pour enfants aux services pour adultes. Les pédiatres neurologues ont utilisé la grille d’évaluation clinique du Système de classification de la fonction motrice globale (étendu et révisé) de niveau IV ou V afin de diagnostiquer l’incapacité physique majeure spécifique à chacun des 74 participants (âge moyen (...) : 20,2 ans). Trente-neuf (53%) participants présentaient une déficience intellectuelle concomitante, selon la CIM-10 (QI inférieur à 70). Les pédiatres neurologues ont développé l’instrument Severely Disabled Youths’ Life Situation and the Functioning of the Service Systems in Finland afin de recueillir et traiter les données. Enfin, les tests de Fisher examinaient les corrélations entre l’insatisfaction des facteurs de soins et les soins de santé. Des régressions logistiques binaires ont permis d’associer l’insatisfaction à l’égard des services santé à la nécessité d’utiliser de nouveaux appareils d’assistance, à la difficulté accrue d’accéder à des rendez-vous médicaux et à l’ignorance des médecins à l’égard des problématiques du handicap. L’étude recommande la création de cliniques neurologiques multi-professionnelles qui accueilleraient les jeunes adultes qui présentent des incapacités physiques majeures, avec ou sans déficience intellectuelle, et qui initieraient les médecins aux caractéristiques de ces catégories de patients et à leurs enjeux spécifiques. (shrink)

"El repertorio bibliográfico no presenta resumen".

Name der Zeitschrift: Der Islam Jahrgang: 93 Heft: 2 Seiten: 532-580.

This article builds on the tradition of attitudinal measures of religiosity established by Leslie Francis and colleagues with the Francis Scale of Attitude toward Christianity by introducing a new measure to assess the attitudinal disposition of Pagans. A battery of items was completed by 75 members of a Pagan Summer Camp. These items were reduced to produce a 21-item scale that measured aspects of Paganism concerned with: the God/Goddess, worshipping, prayer, and coven. The scale recorded an alpha coefficient of 0.93. (...) Construct validity of the Williams Scale of Attitude toward Paganism was demonstrated by the clear association with measures of participation in private rituals. (shrink)

"Der Band untersucht in 12 interdisziplinären Beiträgen die Rolle der Imagination bei der Genese des Neuen in Prozessen der Antiketransformation. Den Ausgangspunkt bilden zwei wesentliche Zusammenhänge zwischen Imagination und Transformation: Einerseits lässt sich das moderne Verständnis von Imagination als Ergebnis einer Antiketransformation lesen, andererseits stellt die Imagination eine zentrale Produktivkraft in Transformationsprozessen dar."--Cover.

El presente trabajo constituye una aproximación a la tradición sofista desde la perspectiva nietzscheana. De modo más específico, analizamos hasta qué punto los planteamientos de los sofistas y la contienda que se desarrolla entre ellos le sirven al filósofo como una herramienta para enfrentarse a la tradición platónica. Para ello, describimos primero ciertas características propias de la competencia entre estos oradores, las cuales resultan compatibles con la valoración nietzscheana del devenir. En segundo lugar, relacionamos la interpretación de Nietzsche del homo (...) mensura con el perspectivismo y el escepticismo propios de su pensamiento. Por último, explicamos cómo la expresión «cultura del conocimiento desinteresado», referida a los sofistas, apunta a marcar un contraste frente a la seriedad de la tradición socrático-platónica contra la que Nietzsche combate. (shrink)

DIREITO À INFORMAÇÃO NAS RELAÇÕES DE CONSUMO DE PRODUTOS ALIMENTÍCIOS NO ATACADO E NO VAREJO: PARTICULARIDADES SOBRE COMPOSIÇÃO, CARACTERÍSTICAS, PREÇO E QUANTIDADE DO PRODUTO.

Der Beitrag untersucht die Langeweile auf klinischem Terrain und als literarisches/philosophisches Sujet in Abgrenzung zu benachbarten Phänomenen wie Muße, Müßiggang und Faulheit. Da sich das Phänomen Langeweile im Bedeutungsspektrum zwischen »horror vacui« (Kant) und »Windstille der Seele« (Nietzsche) einer definitorischen Klarheit entzieht, schlägt die Autorin anhand klinischer Vignetten vor, drei Qualitäten und regulierende Funktionen der Langweile zu differenzieren: eine vernichtende, mit »Desobjektalisierung« (Green) einhergehende Langeweile, eine als Abwehr eines traumabedingten Ich-Verlusts fungierende Langeweile sowie eine Langeweile als kreativer Übergangsraum. Freuds Gedanken (...) über die Existenz von »lustvolle(n) Spannungen und unlustige(n) Entspannungen« enthalten eine triebökonomische Perspektive, die einen Blick auf sehr unterschiedliche Lust- und Unlustqualitäten der Langeweile erlaubt. (shrink)

ZusammenfassungEs wird gezeigt, dass sich die Unterschiede zwischen der Quantenmechanik‐Interpretation von von Weizsäcker/Drieschner und der von Ludwig auf die jeweils unterschiedliche Beantwor‐tung der folgenden Fragen zurückführen lassen:–Was ist der Referent von Wahrscheinlichkeitsaussagen in der Quantenmechanik?–Sind Gesamtheiten Mengen von Objekten?–Umfasst der Gültigkeitsbereich der Quantenmechanik auch die Messgeräte?

Saving as many lives as possible while ensuring equity for vulnerable groups through access to triage resources has been the dominant position since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. However, the exact relationship between the principles of social justice and efficiency remains a controversial and unresolved issue. In this paper, we aim to systematically distinguish between different models of this relationship and show that conceptualizing social justice as a ‘moral side-constraint’ or adopting a ‘balancing approach’ that attempt to (...) reconcile social justice with efficiency inevitably lead to significant moral costs that require further justification. Based on this discussion, we propose a novel “threshold model” for trading-off moral costs. According to this model, the structural impact of triage must be considered in order to determine whether one opts for triage with the primary aim of efficiency or social justice. This contextualization further explains why, in some societies and circumstances, social justice can rightly be seen as the primary concern, while in other societies and circumstances, efficiency can be defended as the primary concern. (shrink)