NADOT M. Nursing Inquiry 2010; 17: 118–127The world’s first secular autonomous nursing school against the power of the churchesSecular healthcare practices were standardized well before the churches’ established their influence over the nursing profession. Indeed, such practices, resting on the tripartite axiom of domus, familia, hominem, were already established in hospitals during the middle ages. It was not until the last third of the eighteenth century that the Catholic Church imposed its culture on secular health institutions; the Protestant church followed (...) suit in 1836. In reaction to the encroachment of religious orders on civil society and the amalgam of religious denominations favored, for example, by the devout Florence Nightingale (supported, in 1854, by Sir Sidney Herbert, the influential Puseyite), it is on 20 July 1859 that the great Swiss nineteenth century pedagogue and recipient of the Académie française Gold Medal, Valérie de Gasparin-Boissier (1813–94), proposed a model of secular healthcare training for nurses that would become a counter-model set in opposition to religious health institutions. Forerunner of later schools, the world’s first secular autonomous Nursing School was founded in Lausanne, Switzerland. Its mission was to bring decisive changes to the statutes of nurses’ training, which were then still based on six principles not far removed from those of religious communities at the time: commitment for life, the Rule of St Augustine, obedience, celibacy, the renouncement of salary, and the uniform. (shrink)

IntroductionA symptom cluster is very common among oncological patients: cancer-related fatigue, emotional distress, sleep difficulties, pain, and cognitive difficulties. Clinical applications of interventions based on non-ordinary states of consciousness, mostly hypnosis and meditation, are starting to be investigated in oncology settings. They revealed encouraging results in terms of improvements of these symptoms. However, these studies often focused on breast cancer patients, with methodological limitations. Another non-ordinary state of consciousness may also have therapeutic applications in oncology: self-induced cognitive trance. It seems (...) to differ from hypnosis and meditation, as it involves the body more directly. Thus, investigating its clinical applications, along with hypnosis and meditation interventions, could improve available therapeutic options in oncology. This article details the study protocol of a preference-based longitudinal controlled superiority trial aiming to assess the effectiveness of 3 group interventions to improve oncological patients’ quality of life, and more specifically CRF, emotional distress, sleep, pain, and cognitive difficulties.Methods and analysisA power analysis required a total sample of 160 patients. Main inclusion criteria are: cancer diagnosis, active treatments completed for less than a year, no practice of hypnosis, meditation, or SICT, and presence of at least one of these four symptoms: fatigue, sleep difficulties, depression, or anxiety. Each participant will choose the intervention in which they want to participate. To test the effectiveness of the interventions, data will be collected by questionnaires and neurobiological measures and directly from the medical record at four time points: before inclusion in the study ; immediately after the intervention; and at 3- and 12-month follow-up. The longitudinal data in each group will then be measured.DiscussionIn addition to standard cancer therapies, there is a growing interest from patients in complementary approaches, such as hypnosis, meditation, and SICT. The results of this study will be useful to increase knowledge about short- and long-term effectiveness of 3 group interventions for CRF, emotional distress, sleep, pain, and cognitive difficulties in patients with different cancers.Clinical Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov/. Retrospectively registered on the 29th of April 2021. url: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04873661. (shrink)

The “gift exchange theory” articulated by Marcel Mauss, along with his core concept of a threefold obligation, is the dominant theoretical framework used to explain the majority of gift issues in marketing. This perspective assumes that some interest always lies behind gifts, such that a gift always implies a counterpart of receiving something in return. Despite the relevance of this approach in understanding the day-to-day consumer behavior, this paper presents empirical cases where the consumer is also able to give freely, (...) that is to say without implying a counterpart or even expecting it. To explain those empirical cases, we mobilize a key teaching of the Catholic Church: the “gratuitous gift” and then introduce the concept of the “need to give.” We show that gratuitousness is a relevant concept to understand most of gifts made by consumers, and we develop the normative aspect of gratuitous gift for ethical marketers. We also show that Catholic Social Teaching offers an appropriate anthropology to understand consumer behaviors motivated by this need for gratuitousness. To conclude, we propose further avenues of research. (shrink)

Abstract. This paper both clarifies and broadens the notion of control and its relation to the self. By discussing instances of skillful absorption from different cultural backgrounds, I argue that the notion of control is not as closely related to self-consciousness as is often suggested. Experiences of flow and wu-wei exemplify a nonself-conscious though personal type of control. The intercultural occurrence of this type of behavioral control demonstrates its robustness, and questions two long-held intuitions about the relation between self-consciousness and (...) the experience of control. The first intuition holds that the conscious self initiates and controls actions, thoughts, and feelings. The second is the view that losing this self-conscious type of control is a negative and upsetting experience. By focusing on “the paradox of control” in these experiences of skillful absorption, I argue that a feeling of control can occur without a self that narratively claims control. Furthermore, this type of control can be a very positive and pleasurable experience. Therefore, the common views of the notion of control are in need of broader conceptualization and further refinement. (shrink)

The article presents an analysis of an extract from a Collective Philosophical Inquiry. Through this case study, we show the possible misunderstandings linked to the duality of two « worlds » : that of the teacher who experiments with CPI in her classroom and that of the researcher who is responsible for the design of this type of session. The « world » is defined as « conceptual, axiological and praxical background ». The confrontation between these worlds therefore questions both (...) the modalities of their necessary collaboration and the conditions of the construction and use of a true « professional genesis. (shrink)

Bioethical Proposals to Face Social and Ethical Problems Generated by Neglected Infectious Diseases Propostas bioéticas ante os problemas sociais e éticos que geram as doenças infecciosas desatendidas This review article appointed to the topic of Neglected Tropical Diseases, a group of 18 disabling pathologies, which are sometimes fatal, and often deforming, that prevail in the populations of Asia, Africa and the tropical areas of South America. We presented, categorized, and analyzed, through a bibliographical review, the elements that relate to these (...) diseases from the Universal Declaration of Bioethics and Human Rights, 2005, in terms of equality, justice and equity, the non-discrimination and stigmatization, social responsibility and health approach. Throughout the review, we concluded that the problem around NTDs is multifactorial and we propose solutions to mitigate and to attend the NTDs, from a perspective of focused bioethics around the dignity of the human person and the affected population. We proposed including bioethics in the debate about the care of the NTDs to analyze the problems and examine solutions through transdisciplinary research projects that involve collaborative and formative work among the affected communities, government entities, health professionals and veterinary sciences. Para citar este artículo / To reference this article / Para citar este artigo Sáenz V, Mazzanti di Ruggiero MA. Propuestas bioéticas frente a los problemas sociales y éticos que generan las enfermedades infecciosas desatendidas. Pers Bioet. 2019; 23: 84-110. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5294/pebi.2019.23.1.6 Recepción: 27/09/2018 Aceptación: 06/02/2019. (shrink)

A number of roles have been ascribed to poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase* including involvement in DNA repair, cell proliferation, differentiation and transformation. Cloning of the gene has allowed the development of molecular biological approaches to elucidate the structure and the function(s) of this highly conserved enzyme. This article will review the recent results obtained in this field.

This paper discloses and questions two assumptions on happiness that are implied by medical and technological proposals for mood enhancement. The first assumption holds that happiness consists of the indiscriminate maximization of positive and minimization of negative emotions. Second, mood enhancement implies the belief that an effortless enhancement of positive emotions will increase happiness. These assumptions are questioned by investigating the validity of the common sense slogan ‘No pain, no gain’. Support for this claim is found in literature on adversity (...) and happiness, effort and happiness, and in evolutionary psychology. From these research domains it is shown that adversity, pain, bother or effort should not always be regarded as negative experiences to be avoided in the pursuit for happiness. In some cases they can contribute to a person’s quality of life. By questioning the indiscriminate and effortless enhancement of positive emotions and avoidance of negative ones, this perspective suggests a different view on happiness than the one generally assumed by proponents of mood enhancement. (shrink)

En la segunda parte de su trabajo, Boissier trata en profundidad el carácter y constitución del círculo de los Escipiones y su modulación de la humanitas al compás de sus relaciones con el helenismo. Si bien primero se detiene en deslindar las herencias y distancias entre el teatro de Terencio y el de Plauto y su tratamiento de la intimidad romana. Abordará a continuación el problema del cosmopolitismo de filiación helénica y su relación con el patriotismo romano de la (...) mano de Cicerón para terminar con una reflexión presentista que dice tanto de la Roma clásica como de la visión que Boissier tenía de su presente. (shrink)

Taking regular walks when living with Parkinson’s disease has beneficial effects on movement and quality of life. Yet, patients usually show reduced physical activity compared to healthy older adults. Using auditory stimulation such as music can facilitate walking but patients vary significantly in their response. An individualized approach adapting musical tempo to patients’ gait cadence, and capitalizing on these individual differences, is likely to provide a rewarding experience, increasing motivation for walk-in PD. We aim to evaluate the observance, safety, tolerance, (...) usability, and enjoyment of a new smartphone application. It was coupled with wearable sensors and delivered individualized musical stimulation for gait auto-rehabilitation at home. Forty-five patients with PD underwent a 1-month, outdoor, uncontrolled gait rehabilitation program, using the BeatWalk application. The music tempo was being aligned in real-time to patients’ gait cadence in a way that could foster an increase up to +10% of their spontaneous cadence. Open-label evaluation was based on BeatWalk use measures, questionnaires, and a six-minute walk test. Patients used the application 78.8% of the prescribed duration and enjoyed it throughout the program. The application was considered “easy to use” by 75% of the patients. Pain, fatigue, and falls did not increase. Fear of falling decreased and quality of life improved. After the program, patients improved their gait parameters in the six-minute walk test without musical stimulation. BeatWalk is an easy to use, safe, and enjoyable musical application for individualized gait rehabilitation in PD. It increases “walk for exercise” duration thanks to high observance.Clinical Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02647242. (shrink)

André Schaeffner (1895-1980), auteur du grand ouvrage Origine des instruments de musique paru en 1936, propose une réflexion sur l’instrument de musique qui est loin d’être confinée au seul champ de l’ethnologie. La considération de la musique de son temps, notamment en l’œuvre de Stravinsky, la méditation sur l’origine du théâtre et sur la tragédie, avec Nietzsche, contribuent à forger une conception de l’instrument qui est inséparable d’une philosophie de la musique. En explorant le thème central des « origines corporelles (...) » de la musique, cet article présente trois aspects principaux au vu desquels André Schaeffner s’avère problématiser le statut de l’instrument en relation avec le corps sonore et rythmicien : le refus du dualisme entre la voix et l’instrument, le refus d’une origine manuelle des instruments, enfin l’idée d’une organologie du théâtre. (shrink)

Parents play an important part in adolescents’ life and significantly contribute to youngsters’ academic success. However, parents’ and students’ perceptions regarding parental involvement may diff...

In the context of research 2LAPRE 2 we observed sessions of Philosophically Orientated Discussion (POD)provided by the permanent teachers of the ordinary elementary and secondary school classes. In a formation context we are interested in the itinerary of three elementary school’s teachers of three different levels (1st Cycle, 2nd Cycle and 3rd Cycle). By the observation of actual practices at three moments during the scholar year, what can we spot of the POD norm’s construction? The analysis of the linguistic exchanges, (...) will identify what is played out for the teacher from its organizer’s point of view (beliefs, conceptions, values and what they judge as important). We will proceed with a systematic analysis: - of the communication networks through Flament’s theoretical framework (1965) to approach the linguistic productions distribution on the participants and the animation from that results; - and Geneva’s model (Roulet et al., 1985) where the communications are constructs that articulate components of different levels to study them in their structure-functional dimension. The analysis will permit to chart the variability of the activity for each of these three teachers, or not, around the conception of what is the POD. We will use the results already published in the article Saint-Dizier, Specogna, Luxembourger (2016) that we look at from the point of view of the question we want to deal with this article whether: POD norm, variability, invariability of the activity. (shrink)

Cet article interroge l’originalité ludique du dispositif sociotechnique conçu par les réseaux socionumériques autour du profil pour organiser les différentes activités en ligne. Alors que les jeux constituent une des activités les plus prisées par les membres du réseau à laquelle ils consacrent un temps important, peu de recherches se sont focalisées sur l’analyse des activités ludiques sur les réseaux socionumériques. Par l’application de cadres conceptuels éprouvés pour analyser les jeux et activités ludiques, il est possible d’interroger la spécificité des (...) modalités de jeux qui sont proposées sur les réseaux socionumériques. Une analyse centrée sur les fonctionnalités offertes par Facebook conduit à interroger de façon critique la nature même de l’activité ludique menée dans le contexte particulier des réseaux socionumériques.This article looks into the distinctively “playful” nature of the socio-technical system that social networking sites construct around user profiles in order to organize different online activities. Although games some of the most popular activities among network members, to which they devote a considerable amount of time, there have been few analyses to date of game-playing on social networking sites. A number of proven conceptual frameworks can be used to analyze online games and game-playing and to examine the particular patterns found on the social networking sites. Based on an analysis of Facebook features, we offer an in-depth discussion of the nature of the game-playing that takes place in the particular context of social networking sites. (shrink)

Le geste semble procéder de lui-même, ne provenir de rien, clans une sorte de miracle qu'il faut interroger. Le présent livre questionne la danse, sous sa forme contemporaine, dans une perspective non dogmatique.

Do all clinical research publications show strong application of ethics principles and respect for biomedical law? We examined, for the year 2009, the ethics requirements displayed on the website of 30 leading medical journals with an impact factor (IF) >10, and 30 others with an IF <10. We carried out a short study looking at the relationship between the IF of a journal and the ethics requirements in its instructions to authors. We show that the IF of a biomedical journal (...) bears a direct relationship to its ethics requirements. Such results should improve the ethics requirements of all biomedical journals, especially those with low IF, so that they are internationally standardised to the higher standard required by journals with higher IF. (shrink)

Theorists of legal translation generally describe it as an interdisciplinary activity whose methodology draws deeply upon comparative law. In practice, how can we apply this theoretical paradigm to translator training? This article examines methods of integrating comparative law with the acquisition of knowledge and know-how that constitute the translator’s core competences, emphasizing the resolution of legal terminology problems resulting from incongruencies between legal systems. Given that the goal is to compare law for the purposes of translation, it is useful to (...) approach these problems from a functionalist viewpoint, principally through confronting a range of cases and situations likely to challenge the professional translator. Therefore, the author proposes including, along with other teaching methods, targeted work on terminological problems which necessitate the study of comparative law. A set of learning activities is presented for that purpose. (shrink)

Valéry constateert dat Europa, ondanks de hoopvolle naoorlogse stemming, zijn intellectuele en morele kompas is kwijt geraakt. Het wezenlijke op de wereld is door de oorlog aangetast.

On parle beaucoup aujourd’hui de la nécessité d’imposer une formation aux médiateurs. Cette obligation n’existe pas encore mais elle impliquerait de déterminer précisément selon quel modèle on désire professionaliser la fonction de médiateur.

Le droit de l’entreprise s’est « environnementalisé ». La protection de l’environnement est désormais partie intégrante de la réglementation économique. Pour comprendre quels ont été les effets du principe de développement durable sur l’entreprise et quelles sont les méthodes de gestion du risque environnemental utilisées par les opérateurs économiques, il est nécessaire de distinguer entre l’approche « produits » et l’approche « holistique ». L’approche « produits », c’est-à-dire l’approche centrée sur la conception et la consommation des marchandises ou des (...) services, a été développée en premier. L’approche « holistique », plus globale, a pour mission d’englober toute l’activité économique, de la production des biens et des services à leur distribution, en passant par le financement de l’activité et le transport des biens. Sans prétendre à l’exhaustivité, sont présentés de nombreux dispositifs relevant de modalités, de natures et de ressorts très divers : la sécurité des produits, la labellisation et la certification, la responsabilité sociale et environnementale, le devoir d’information, le devoir de vigilance, le financement vert (avec les green bonds ). (shrink)

This paper deals with the place Diogenus of Babylon grants music within the realm of ethical education and training, as reported in Philodemus of Gadara’s (partisan) testimony in his De Musica, wherein it is stated that music encourages men to cultivate virtue and strengthen it. By exploring the controversy between Epicureanism and Stoicism, this paper aims to understand how, according to Stoic thought, cognitive sense-perception (ἐπɩστημoνKὴ σἲσθησɩᴤ) could have an ethical outcome, the sensory experience thus proving its expertise within the (...) field of ethics, and succeeding in changing man's varying states of pleasure and pain. In fact, music like poetry turns out to be the resounding image of rationality that holds direct sway over the rational soul. (shrink)

Pt. 1. Les nouvelles passions de l'âme -- Des passions libérées -- L'amour -- La sexualité -- Des passions récemment apparues -- La consommation -- Le travail -- Le sortilège de la finance -- Des passions qui disparaissent ici, s'affirment là, ou se transmutent -- Le sentiment religieux -- L'attachement à la nation -- L'honneur -- L'humilité -- Des états dont le sens nous reste caché le plus souvent -- Le déni -- L'ennui -- La présence -- Pt. 2. Le (...) problème du corps et de l'esprit aujourd'hui -- L'erreur de Damasio -- L'autre erreur des neurosciences -- Le mirage d'une science prédictive de la pensée -- La question de la diversité des humains -- La descendance de Darwin -- Savoir vieux et savoir neuf -- La redécouverte de l'esprit -- Pt. 3. Règles pour la direction de la vie -- Règle 1 -- Règle 2 -- Règle 3 -- Règle 4 -- Règle 5. (shrink)

Musonius problématise la politique stoïcienne de manière originale. Sous la direction du maître, l'individu assimile les principes de la vertu et renoue, dans l'ascèse, avec l'impulsion fondamentale de l'oikeiôsis. Le mariage, modèle de toute relation, fonde la petite comme la grande cité qu'il préfigure.

Habermas élabore une théorie radicale de la démocratie qui entend répondre aux défis posés tant par la mondialisation économique que par la tentation de repli des « peuples » qui cherchent à retrouver une souveraineté perdue. Une telle théorie, qui prend une forme délibérative, projette la démocratie dans la constitutionnalisation du droit international, et implique une perspective cosmopolitique. Dans ce cadre, la réflexion sur la politique européenne et ses institutions est centrale, et permet de montrer que la théorie critique n’a (...) rien perdu de sa lucidité quand il s’agit de mettre en garde notamment contre un « fédéralisme postdémocratique de l’exécutif » dans lequel l’Europe risque de se perdre. (shrink)

La Rythmique constitue un ensemble d’exercices qui s’organise de façon progressive, leur but visant à sentir et à éprouver la musique avant de la connaître. À travers la Rythmique, Émile Jaques-Dalcroze contribue à inventer une nouvelle façon de jouer : confronté à l’arythmie de ses élèves, il est conduit à renouveler le solfège. Redonnant vie à ce dernier, il le libère de l’optique et de l’écriture, au bénéfice d’un apprentissage qui passe par la globalité du corps en mouvement : le (...) rapport à l’audition devient central dans son approche. Dalcroze découvre et met au travail, avec la Rythmique, un champ d’expérience qui a été sous-estimé et négligé jusqu’à lui, champ lié au sentir et au se mouvoir que le psychologue Erwin Straus (1891-1975), de son côté, a exploré au plan phénoménologique. (shrink)

Sumário - Parte I. Prática social - nível de desenvolvimento atual do educando - Capítulo 1. Prática social inicial do conteúdo - o que os alunos e o professor já sabe; Parte II. Teoria - zona de desenvolvimento imediato do educando - Capítulo 2. Problematização - explicitação dos principais problemas da prática social; Capítulo 3. Instrumentalização - ações didático-pedagógicas para a aprendizagem; Capítulo 4. Catarse - expressão elaborada da nova forma de entender a prática social; Parte III. Prática social - (...) nível de desenvolvimento atual do educando - Capítulo 5. Prática social final do conteúdo - nova proposta de ação a partir do conteúdo aprendido; Conclusão - como iniciar?. (shrink)

Global health research is most often spent in a context of international collaboration, particularly North-South. The particular context of this type of partnership (power, money, distance, norms, training, etc.) can lead to important issues in the use of the data collected. This case study enables the reader to reflect on this particular issue and the actions that could be taken to deal with it.

Cet ouvrage vise à montrer l’importance « philosophique et scientifique » de traités biologiques d’Aristote qui, formant plus du tiers du corpus, pourraient faire de leur auteur le père de la sociobiologie et suggérer des réponses aux interrogations actuelles sur la distinction entre l’homme et l’animal (p. 13-14). Que la démarcation entre les deux soit moins tranchée qu’on ne l’a parfois admis, telle semble être la thèse rectrice de cette étude, une idée que l’A. cherche à établir par le bia...

Et derrière cette dernière se dessine le rôle des managers, premiers acteurs de ces dynamiques de changement, pour avoir intériorisé les principes de la rationalisation. Premiers acteurs ? Seuls acteurs ?

"En faisant le choix d'un "gouverneur" plutôt que d'un "précepteur" pour éduquer Émile, Jean-Jacques Rousseau a introduit, dans la pensée éducative, des concepts qui avaient été jusque-là exclus des traités d'éducation. Dans les cours qu'il a donnés au Collège de France à partir de 1978, Michel Foucault s'est interrogé sur le problème de l'art de gouverner. Que signifie "gouverner selon la nature", et comment Rousseau envisage-t-il les questions éducatives dans ce qui relève, selon les termes de Foucault, du "gouvernement de (...) soi et des autres"?". (shrink)

In order to train healthcare professionals in the announcement of serious medical diagnoses, we propose the de-sign of a section of a website that aims to enable caregivers to better control this professional activity that they dread. These diagnoses materialize through language interactions between doctors and patients that are emotion-ally charged. The analysis of these announcement interviews involves access to interactions that are as close as possible to those that take place in real work situations through role-playing. We will show (...) that the design of the website based on the architectural dimension (functional structure of the activity), the relational dimension (roles, co-constructed communication contract) and the communicational dimension (mobilized language processes) allows to identify this sensitive professional activity in its characteristic aspects. Based on a study commissioned by the Ligue contre le cancer, we will show how and in what way the identified dimensions have formative potential and we will highlight their contribution to improving the understanding of the activity and developing training materi-als. (shrink)

Résumé Les voyages temporaires des enfants autistes issus de l’immigration vers leur pays d’origine s’organisent parfois autour d’un objectif thérapeutique et confrontent alors les soignants qui s’occupent d’eux en France à un univers fantasmatique inhabituel. En s’intéressant à ces voyages, le thérapeute permet aux familles et à l’institution de donner du sens à la mise en œuvre d’autres types de soins. Entendre ce que le départ mobilise comme représentations inquiétantes ou illusoires pour les soignants permet de tempérer des incompréhensions et (...) une insécurité que nous savons délétères dans le soin psychique. L’article illustre cette réflexion par une situation clinique qui montre comment des soins entrepris dans un jardin d’enfants thérapeutique ont été articulés avec des thérapies traditionnelles choisies par les parents mahorais d’un enfant autiste. (shrink)

Abstractabstract:La question de la relation entre le point et l'étendue en géométrie résonne, dans la pensée de Leibniz, avec celle du lien entre la substance simple avec le corps matériel dont elle est l'élément constitutif d'un point de vue métaphysique. En effet, comment ce qui est indivisible et sans dimension pourrait-il être le principe de ce qui se présente, au contraire, comme toujours divisé et étendu? Si la philosophie tardive de l'auteur, une fois devenue monadologie après 1700, rencontre en cela (...) un problème presque insurmontable, il ne semble pas en être de même dans les années 1690. Cet article propose de montrer comment, vers 1695, une solution originale en est fournie qui renvoie aux innovations mathématiques de cette période, au sujet du point, de l'étendue et, de façon centrale, de la continuité, étoffant ainsi la toile qui unit les mathématiques de Leibniz avec sa philosophie. (shrink)

Le texte aborde un cas particulier d’atmosphère, l’inquiétante étrangeté, dans son rapport à l’espace architectural, selon une inflexion phénoménologique soulignant la teneur d’atmosphère (Stimmung) du sentiment éprouvé. Effectuant une relecture du texte éponyme de 1919 de Freud sous cet angle, notamment l’épisode de la promenade dans la petite ville italienne, la réflexion s’engage ensuite dans une approche de la peinture de De Chirico, en particulier le tableau de 1913 La grande Tour. Les écrits du théoricien américain de l’architecture Anthony Vidler (...) viennent à l’appui de la réflexion. La conclusion fait retour sur la maison hantée, au regard d’expériences artistiques plus contemporaines. (shrink)