Psychosocial work factors are implicated in the development of stress and job satisfaction. This relationship has been scarcely studied in so-called singular activities, as is the case of professional drivers. This cross-sectional study of 601 professional drivers assesses psychosocial risks and job satisfaction using Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire and Overall Job Satisfaction questionnaire models. The values of the psychosocial scales of professional drivers were compared with thresholds values of the Spanish working population. The relationships of the psychosocial scales with the level (...) of job satisfaction were examined using logistic regression models, adjusted for age, gender, length of driving license and years of experience. In general, professional drivers have an unfavorable psychosocial environment compared to the average Spanish workers. The relationship between psychosocial scales and job satisfaction is observed, with the most influential variables being the meaning and development of work, integration in the company, social relations, esteem and level of psychological demands. (shrink)

Podría decirse que uno de los debates que ha generado más discusiones, reflexiones y producciones al respecto en todas las corrientes de la filosofía ha sido sobre la existencia, naturaleza e influencia de Dios en el mundo. En el presente artículo se expondrán cinco paradojas planteadas por diversos filósofos que abrirían la posibilidad de negar las perfecciones de Dios desde su naturaleza: su omnipotencia y su bondad. Una vez planteado cada problema, se expondrán las posibles soluciones a cada uno, mostrando (...) que estos parten de ambigüedades, contradicciones o incomprensiones de la teoría cristiana. Adicional a lo anterior, se mostrará cómo esas respuestas podrían solucionar problemas filosóficos relacionados a la necesidad, la libertad y la determinación. (shrink)

RESUMEN ¿Es real el conocimiento/pensamiento que tenemos sobre las cosas o son solo apariencias? En este artículo se expondrá el problema de la realidad en los filósofos antiguos como una correspondencia entre el τὸ ὄν y el λόγος como pregunta clave en la concepción de la metafísica griega. A partir de esto se explicará por qué en los griegos surge la necesidad de plantear la φύσις como completa y de emprender una búsqueda de una teoría inmanentista a partir de un (...) análisis lógico de argumentos de diversos filósofos antiguos. Finalmente, se mostrará cómo el escepticismo derriba esta correspondencia y logra plantear límites a la razón para acceder a la verdad, lo cual permitió plantear la necesidad de realizar un paso de una metafísica inmanente a una trascendente. ABSTRACT Could the knowledge/thought we have about the things that surround us be real, or is it only an appearance? In this article, the problem of reality for ancient philosophers will be addressed as a correspondence between τὸ ὄν and λόγος as a key element in the conception of Greek metaphysics. Using this as a starting point, it will be explored why the Greeks need to set out φύσις as a whole and to begin the search of an immanence theory from a logical analysis of the argument of diverse ancient philosophers. Finally, it will also be shown how skepticism tears down this correspondence and is even able to establish boundaries to reason in order to access the truth. This allowed to expose the necessity to make a transition from an immanent metaphysics to a transcendent one. (shrink)

In this work we will analyze the main features of Sartre’s ontological-phenomenological theory in Being and Nothingness, linking them with some key historical precedents. By clarifying the connections of this theory with the former philosophical tradition on the subject of Being, its role in existence, reality’s nature and its relation to the phenomenon, the actual contribution of Sartre in this matter is demonstrated.

Este trabajo tiene como objetivo comentar algunas prohibiciones del padre Miguel Ángel de Tamburini y del padre Francisco Retz explicando los conceptos fundamentales de dichas prohibiciones a través de un método analítico y relacionándolos posteriormente bajo un método sintético con los argumentos presentados. Esto último permitirá realizar una reconstrucción de las prohibiciones cuyo ensamble se consolidará en argumentos breves. Asimismo, evaluar cuáles pueden ser las causas o los fundamentos que subyacen en las prohibiciones mismas, es decir, evaluar las causas de (...) su veto. Finalmente, determinar las implicaciones filosóficas de las prohibiciones desde Descartes, Leibniz y Spinoza y sus correspondientes visiones de la Creación, la voluntad, el determinismo y el principio de individuación. (shrink)

The topology of DNA duplexes changes during replication and also after deproteinization in vitro. Here we describe these changes and then discuss for the first time how the distribution of superhelical stress affects the DNA topology of replication intermediates, taking into account the progression of replication forks. The high processivity of Topo IV to relax the left‐handed (+) supercoiling that transiently accumulates ahead of the forks is not essential, since DNA gyrase and swiveling of the forks cooperate with Topo IV (...) to accomplish this task in vivo. We conclude that despite Topo IV has a lower processivity to unlink the right‐handed (+) crossings of pre‐catenanes and fully replicated catenanes, this is indeed its main role in vivo. This would explain why in the absence of Topo IV replication goes‐on, but fully replicated sister duplexes remain heavily catenated. (shrink)

Actualmente abundan conceptualizaciones sobre pensamiento crítico. Gran parte de estas se enfocan en habilidades cognitivas, otras en resolución de problemas; algunas más, en toma de decisiones y acción; y otras, que integran los elementos nombrados. Ante la proliferación de concepciones surge la necesidad de hacer una clasificación de estos modelos en aras de comprender mejor sus enfoques y, en especial, la incidencia de las corrientes filosóficas en los elementos constituyentes que los sustentan para que los maestros tengan claridad sobre qué (...) aporta cada uno de ellos en sus prácticas de aula. Objetivo: identificar elementos constituyentes de los fundamentos conceptuales sobre pensamiento crítico para clasificarlos en modelos según sus finalidades. Metodología: análisis conceptual, realizado desde la filosofía analítica para revisar los conceptos esenciales expuestos por 44 teóricos en sus teorías. Se diseñaron matrices de análisis con 12 constituyentes que permitieron evidenciar los elementos de cada modelo y determinar qué corrientes filosóficas los fundamentan. Resultados: se evidenciaron cuatro modelos: lógico-racional, cognitivo-emotivo, cognitivo-cientificista y sociopragmático, en los cuales han incidido los aportes de grandes filósofos, quienes en su interés epistémico han vinculado la criticidad como elemento esencial en la construcción del conocimiento. Conclusiones: estos modelos aportarán claridad a los docentes, quienes intencionan su trabajo en el aula para formar pensadores críticos que cuestionen y transformen su entorno social. (shrink)

La siguiente investigación aborda los fenómenos del veganismo y el activismo por la liberación animal, entendiendo a ambos como formas de resistencia y oposición al especismo y la dominación que ejerce el ser humano hacia los otros animales. Corresponde a un trabajo que se aproxima desde la sociología a lo que académicamente se ha denominado como la “cuestión animal”. Al respecto, lo que se buscó fue profundizar en los discursos y significados que emanan de la experiencia cotidiana de los activistas (...) veganos, y de sus experiencias en tanto activistas por la liberación animal. Sobre lo metodológico, se deben mencionar el carácter exploratorio de la investigación y su diseño fenomenológico-interpretativo. La muestra corresponde a cinco sujetos activistas veganos aspirantes a la liberación animal residentes en la ciudad de Iquique, Chile. La recolección de datos fue a través de entrevistas semiestructuradas, mientras que el análisis se realizó mediante teoría fundamentada. La principal conclusión de la investigación fue que los discursos y significados de los activistas veganos son heterogéneos. Sin embargo, y pese a eso, se pueden encontrar algunos discursos y significados comunes; por ejemplo, sobre la imposibilidad de abandonar el veganismo o respecto del veganismo como motor de la liberación animal. (shrink)

IntroductionDuring the Coronavirus pandemic, a set of daily stressors are being experienced, all this affects people’s mental health, leading them to have a set of emotional disturbances. Little is known about how people’s age can influence their emotional well-being in the face of prolonged stress generate by the pandemic.ObjectiveTo clarify the presence of emotional aspects such as emotional expressiveness and the frequency of positive and negative affections in people with different age in times of crisis.MethodsThe final sample included 297 Chileans (...) between 22 and 68 years old, recruited through an online survey with the appropriate written informed consent. The study was carried out when the pandemic was spreading in Chile.ResultsThe findings revealed age differences in emotional expressivity and the type of affections experienced. The expression of emotions was more affected by negative affections, the age and the gender of the people. While the avoidance of this emotional expression, by age and affections both positive and negative. Age was a significant predictor of emotional expressiveness.DiscussionFindings suggests that the associations between both variables, varied according to the age group of the people. Furthermore, this finding proposes that although older people are facing the persistent and serious threat of COVID-19, they show better emotional functioning. Which would help to better understand the interaction of both positive and negative life experiences in times of crisis. (shrink)

El prodigioso desarrollo de la ciencia y la tecnología médicas tiene una vertiente negativa que se expresa en la crisis de la atención de salud y de la relación médico-paciente. Los cambios en dicha relación, la mayor especialización y las nuevas posibilidades de tecnologías médicas llevan a reflexionar sobre las consecuencias y los efectos a largo alcance desde el punto de vista ético. Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica utilizando la base de datos EBSCO para determinar cómo repercute el proceso tecnológico (...) en el declinar de la relación médico-paciente en la especialidad de Neurología. Además se revisaron las revistas de Ética y Bioética en su formato impreso de los últimos 10 años. El prodigioso desarrollo de la ciencia y la tecnología médicas tiene una vertiente negativa que se expresa en la crisis de la atención de salud y de la relación médico-paciente. Los cambios en dicha relación, la mayor especialización y las nuevas posibilidades de tecnologías médicas llevan a reflexionar sobre las consecuencias y los efectos a largo alcance desde el punto de vista ético. Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica utilizando la base de datos EBSCO para determinar cómo repercute el proceso tecnológico en el declinar de la relación médico-paciente en la especialidad de Neurología. Además se revisaron las revistas de Ética y Bioética en su formato impreso de los últimos 10 años. (shrink)

The assembly of products or components by operators in industries is a complex task with recurring problems. In these processes, operators often make errors that can lead to defective products. Therefore, they need to be inspected later to verify their correct assembly. The main problems are caused by several reasons including high employee turnover, lack of experience in manufacturing specific products or confusion in interpreting instructions to assemble similar components. In this paper, a novel structured language aimed to describe the (...) required actions to manufacture a product in industrial assembly environments is presented. The main contribution is to provide a formal language to feed automatic systems that can verify through visual control whether the actions performed by the operator are carried out following the standard described by this language. In general, the use of this formal language will allow to minimize the negative impact of errors during assembly and to reduce waste in many forms in the industry. (shrink)

A systematic literature review was conducted on the production and publication of research articles related to the study of variables, financial technology (Fintech), and Bioeconomy. The purpose of this research was to know the main characteristics of the publications registered in the SD, WoS, and Scopus databases during the period 2007-2024, to February 8, 2024, achieving the identification of 46 publications in total. The information provided by these platforms was organized using graphs and figures, categorizing the information by CO-occurrence of (...) Keywords, Year of Publication, Country of Origin, and Area of Knowledge. Once these characteristics were described, a qualitative analysis was conducted to refer to the position of the different authors on the proposed topic. Among the main results of this research, Germany and the United States were the countries with the highest number of publications, with a total of 7 publications each, followed by Brazil with 6 publications, while 60% of the publications are concentrated and originate in European countries. The area of knowledge that contributed the most to the study variables was Environmental Sciences, with 18 articles. This systematic literature review allowed us to conclude that the study of the intersection of bioeconomy and financial technologies is an issue that is gaining attention. There has been a boom in scientific publications in the last decade. (shrink)

Background: COVID-19 has taken many lives worldwide and due to this, millions of persons are in grief. When the grief process lasts longer than 6 months, the person is in risk of developing Complicated Grief Disorder. The CGD is related to serious health consequences. To reduce the probability of developing CGD a preventive intervention could be applied. In developing countries like Mexico, the psychological services are scarce, self-applied interventions could provide support to solve this problem and reduce the health impact (...) even after the pandemic has already finished.Aims: To design and implement a self-applied intervention composed of 12 modules focused on the decrease of the risk of developing CGD, and increasing the life quality, and as a secondary objective to reduce the symptomatology of anxiety, depression, and increase of sleep quality. The Intervention Duelo COVID follows the principles of User Experience and is designed according to the needs and desires of a sample of the objective participants, to increase the adherence to the self-applied intervention, considered one of the main weaknesses of online interventions.Methods: A Randomized Controlled Trial will be conducted from the 22nd of December of 2020 to the first of June 2021. The participants will be assigned to an intervention with elements of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, Mindfulness and Positive Psychology. The control group will be a wait-list condition, that will receive the intervention 1.5–2 months after the pre-measurement were taken. The Power Size Calculation conducted through G*Power indicated the need for a total of 42 participants, which will be divided by 21 participants in each group. The platform will be delivered through responsive design assuring with this that the intervention will adapt to the screen size of cellphones, tablets, and computers.Ethics and Dissemination: The study counts with the approval of the Research Ethics Committee of the Autonomous University of Ciudad Juárez, México, and it is registered in Clinical Trials. The article is sent and registered in clinical trials before the recruitment started. The results will be reported in future conferences, scientific publications, and media. (shrink)

The Creative Citizenship project was founded to promote critical, ethical, and creative thinking in early childhood, and to recognize and encourage children as social actors and peacebuilders. In concert with the methodology of North American philosopher Matthew Lipman's Philosophy for Children (P4C), Creative Citizenship seeks to promote in children the ability to think critically, ethically, and creatively in and from their own realities, and to exercise multidimensional thinking skills in the various areas of their daily lives. The research documented here (...) adopted a qualitative approach in so far as it sought to inquire about the character of those relationships, particularly among boys and girls, that promote their identity as social agents. As such, it examined training processes and generated theoretical perspectives in the interest of promoting social transformation through the empowerment of multidimensional thinking. The article begins with a review of the concept of Creative Citizenship and ends with that of Peacebuilding. Three theoretical categories have been applied in order to situate the inquiry within the framework of the realities of childhood, and to chart the pedagogical interventions by adults that occurred throughout the implementation of the project. The first focuses on the development of children’s thinking per se, the second on children's capacities for creative problem-solving in social environments, and the third on the concept of peacebuilding as a commitment to practicing philosophical dialogue among children, which is understood as a form of discourse that builds the capacities of citizens to undertake individual and collective actions that allow them, in turn, to create and re-create scenarios of peaceful coexistence. (shrink)

RESUMEN Se aplicó una intervención socio sanitaria en el asentamiento rural El León de Camagüey basada en los resultados de un estudio anterior, desde la comunicación social, educativa, así como aspectos socioculturales evaluados que permitieron la realización de este estudio. Su objetivo fue implementar una estrategia de intervención basada en acciones sociales y educativas colectadas en un manual que organizó contenidos de antropología socio cultural, psicología, sociología de la salud y trabajo social comunitario, la que fue conducida por profesionales de (...) enfermería como prestadores, cuyo encargo social les asigna una mayor permanencia e intercambio con los pobladores, potenciándose el trabajo comunitario a partir de febrero de 2016,como etapa de sostenibilidad. La investigación constituyó un diseño mixto, con un estudio cuasi experimental sin grupo control combinado con métodos cualitativos. La evaluación final efectuada en el periodo 2017-2018 exhibió modificaciones positivas en indicadores de las historias clínicas familiares de los pobladores, repercutiendo en el Análisis de la Situación de Salud, realizado en abril de 2018 y el entorno comunitario. Se demostró la importancia de la aplicación de la estrategia de intervención comunitaria desde las disciplinas de las ciencias sociales, por el personal de enfermería como agente de cambio de desarrollo local y protagonista de sostenibilidad. ABSTRACT A social sanitary intervention was applied in the rural establishment El León of Camagüey, based on social and educational actions collected in a manual that organized social cultural anthropology contents, psychology, sociology of the health and community social work, which was led by infirmary professionals like lenders, whose social order assigns a major permanence and exchange of them with the settlers. The investigation constituted a mixed design, with a study quasi experimentally without control group combined with qualitative methods. The final evaluation carried out in the period 2017-2018 exhibited positive modifications in indicators of the familiar clinical history of the settlers, what reverberated in the Analysis of the Situation of Health, carried in April, 2018 and the community environment. It was demonstrated the importance of the application of the strategy of community intervention from the disciplines of the social sciences, by the infirmary personnel as change agent of local development and protagonist of sustainability. (shrink)

In a variety of synaesthesia, photisms result from affect-laden stimuli as emotional words, or faces of familiar people. For R, who participated in this study, the sight of a familiar person triggers a mental image of "a human silhouette filled with colour". Subjective descriptions of synaesthetic experiences induced by the visual perception of people's figures and faces show similarities with the reports of those who claim to possess the ability to see the aura. It has been proposed that the purported (...) auric perception may be easily explained by the presence of a specific subtype of cross-modal perception. We analyse the subjective reports of four synaesthetes who experience colours in response to human faces and figures. These reports are compared with descriptions of alleged auric phenomena found in the literature and with claims made by experts in esoteric spheres. The discrepancies found suggest that both phenomena are phenomenologically and behaviourally dissimilar. (shrink)

In the light of partial understanding, we examine the thesis that concepts are individuated in terms of possession conditions and show that adherents face a fatal dilemma: Either concept-individuating possession conditions include cases of partially understood concepts or not. If yes, possession conditions do not individuate concepts. If no, the thesis is too restricted and lacks a minimally satisfactory level of generalization.

In the light of partial (mis)understanding, we examine the thesis that concepts are individuated in terms of possession conditions and show that adherents face a fatal dilemma: Either concept‐individuating possession conditions include cases of partially (mis)understood concepts or not. If yes, possession conditions do not individuate concepts. If no, the thesis is too restricted and lacks a minimally satisfactory level of generalization.

En este artículo, se atienden ciertas facetas conceptuales y experimentales del efecto Hall cuántico. Se argumenta que el mismo ofrece variados matices para la reflexión filosófica, desde la generación de entidades teóricas hasta la epistemología de la experimentación. La exposición pretende mantener cierta sensibilidad por la dinámica histórica en torno del tema, como así también por las implicaciones metrológicas de ámbitos cuánticos específicos. Dada la enorme producción científica sobre el tema, se hace un recorte a los fines de rescatar algunos (...) perfiles significativos de los fenómenos asociados con ese efecto. In this paper we address several conceptual and historical aspects of the quantum Hall effect. We argue that this effect offers a variety of perspectives for philosophical reflection, from the generation of theoretical entities to the epistemology of experimentation. The exposition attempts to maintain a certain sensitivity to the historical dynamics around the issue, considering at the same time its metrological implications for specific quantum areas. Given the vast scientific literature on the subject, a cut is made in order to rescue some meaningful profiles of the phenomena associated with this effect. (shrink)

Parks and town squares can play an important role by offering spaces for cognitive restorativeness in urban contexts. Therefore, it is important that these spaces be designed in a way that encourages restorativeness. Indeed, their perceived quality should motivate users to stay and take advantage of them. Yet, it is not clear whether perceptions as to the quality of these spaces is relevant in promoting restorativeness. Thus, the aim of this study is to analyze whether elements of environmental quality perceived (...) by users of public spaces favor restorativeness both in parks and squares. Environmental and social aspects are taken into consideration, since restorative experiences involve cognitive and physiological recovery, as well as a component of interaction with the environment. In this research, 519 users of 32 urban public spaces—town squares and parks—on the island of Tenerife participated. Participants evaluated these spaces using four dimensions that focused on spaces’ perceived environmental quality: design of spaces, care of spaces, social interaction, and presence of sensorial elements. Additionally, we evaluated the perceived restorativeness of each space. The results showed that the design of spaces, care of the spaces, social interaction, and presence of sensorial elements explain the variance in perceived restorativeness, although with different weights for parks and squares. We found that perceived quality of a space is a key predictor of its restorativeness. This means that maintaining parks and town squares is a relevant task given that they contribute to reducing cognitive overload, increasing sustainability, and facilitating health care in urban settings. (shrink)

This paper focuses on the uses of Dewey’s ideas in Mexico before his appropriation by the Mexican revolutionary government in 1923. During the early 20th century, anarchists, socialists, and teacher advocates of progressive education in Mexico invoked the name of John Dewey as an important pillar for a vision of a modern Mexico. Deweyan ideas circulated among these radical pedagogues, sprouting in urban centers such as Mérida in Yucatán province, or in poor barrios of México City, where pockets of urban (...) radicalism emerged concurrently without the necessity of concerted action. Subsequently, self-professed disciples of Dewey founded the journal Educación identifying Dewey as a member of the journal’s board of .. (shrink)

La teología del sacerdocio de Joseph Ratzinger se condensa en un concepto: “misión”. Los clásicos principios de origen, institución, contenido de la misión o sucesión apostólica quedan articulados desde la “misión”. El presente artículo es una aproximación a esta categoría en la teología del teólogo alemán. El presupuesto es la comprensión del sacerdocio que Ratzinger tiene. Tras el mismo, sigue un estudio más específico sobre la comprensión del término “misión”. Este se descubre como un eje que articula dos puntos: origen (...) del ministerio y destinatarios del mismo. El estudio concluye con algunas implicaciones sobre la teología del sacerdocio y sobre su configuración concreta en el momento presente. (shrink)

In this paper, we bring into focus the level of thought or content in the elucidation of disagreement. We set out the view that disagreement at this level involves a specific form of noncotenability, namely, noncotenability as captured by sense or intension as opposed to reference. We present the challenge that nourishes the alternative referential view and suggest, through examples, that (i) only intensional disagreement is apt to adequately accommodate basic rationality constraints on disagreement, and (ii) it can meet the (...) aforementioned challenge insofar as we discriminate between noncotenability affecting one's concepts, intensionally conceived, and noncotenability affecting merely one's particular understanding of those concepts. We conclude that intensional disagreement is our best choice for an account of disagreement at the level of thought. (shrink)

Introduction: Resilience is a multidimensional and dynamic construct associated with positive growth and the capacity to transform stressful and negative factors into opportunities of personal development and self-improvement when faced with difficult experiences. The resilience process of each individual integrates multiple analysis levels, which range from genetic-environmental interactions to a complex process of adaptation between the individual and his/her family, friends, co-workers, society, and culture.Objective: To determine whether resilience improves in students of occupational therapy when exposed for the first time (...) to practice placement education.Methodology: Quasi-experimental, prospective, observational, multi-center study with a sample composed of students from the Degree of Occupational Therapy of the public universities of Málaga and Castilla-La Mancha. Two weeks prior to the beginning of the practice education period, the participants completed a questionnaire that included sociodemographic data and the area of their internships. They were also given the Spanish version of the Connor-Davidson's resilience scale. All these instruments were also completed 1 week after the end of the clinical practice.Results: There were statistically significant differences between the variables that make up resilience and the different internship areas. On the other hand, there was a significant improvement of global resilience after the clinical practice period, in both women and men, when the internship area was not considered.Conclusions: The results show that resilient students are more optimistic and work to improve a situation beyond doing simply what is expected of them, knowing how to control their feelings. This is beneficial for students in practice education, since, during these, they face difficult situations that require a resilient pattern, which helps reduce stress and the burnout syndrome. (shrink)

En el presente texto me propongo mostrar cómo puede entenderse el concepto de ‘metafísica’, no como el estudio de algo “sobrenatural” o “más allá de lo físico”, sino como un estudio de segundo orden que tendría por objeto de análisis los hipotéticos principios fundamentales y modelos de dependencia de la realidad. En este sentido, más que sostener juicios taxativos acerca de lo que las cosas son o qué tipo de entidades existen, las reflexiones de la metafísica podrían entenderse como análisis (...) acerca de las condiciones necesarias y suficientes para que una teoría de primer orden explique un aspecto de la realidad —o toda ella en su conjunto— de la mejor manera posible. (shrink)

The transition toward sustainability and the adjustment to climate change should involve the reduction of consumption behavior and the need to maintain social practices of frugality. This paper investigates the influences of consciousness for sustainable consumption, materialism, and the consideration of future consequences on frugal behaviors. Four-hundred-and-forty-four individuals responded to an instrument investigating these variables. Results of a structural model revealed that materialism significantly and negatively influenced the three dimensions of CSC: economic, environmental, and social. The consideration of distant future (...) consequences positively and significantly affected the economic dimension of CSC. Frugal behavior received significant and positive influences from the three CSC dimensions and from consideration of distant future consequences. The model explained 46% of variance in frugal behavior, revealing the importance of awareness of the consequences of resource consumption and the CFC has on promoting a moderate consumption of resources. (shrink)

The 2018 SCE meeting focused on the theme “Retrospect and Prospect” in order to build greater understanding of the discipline of Christian ethics in its varied cultural, methodological, and confessional forms. Latino/a ethics in the United States, by embodying a cooperative methodology grounded in a liberative reading of the Christian Scriptures that employs a hermeneutics of suspicion, seeks to articulate an emancipatory and inclusive vision that yields distinctive forms of social and political action while working toward the common good. This (...) essay provides a brief introduction to and history of Latino/a contributions to the field of Christian ethics, defines key themes that unite its various proponents, and identifies future trends. (shrink)

In Mexico, there is little research on the study of self-injury and even less on possible explanatory models. With this in mind, this study aimed to determine the relationship between self-injury and depression, emotional dysregulation, and coping styles, to generate an explanatory model of the problem. The study was carried out using a quantitative, cross-sectional, explanatory scope, design and a sample of 5835 adolescents enrolled in 62 public high schools in the state of Sonora. Logistic regressions were performed for data (...) analysis, and as a result it was found that, for students with severe self-injury, the model explains 61 % of the variance in the data and correctly classifies 84.1 % of the participants; whereas, in mild self-injury, the model explains 72 % of the variance in the data and correctly classifies 88.2 % of the students. Likewise, the depression dimensions showed the highest explanatory level and positive correlations with emotional dysregulation and avoidance coping style, as well as negative correlations with approach coping style. At the end, the importance of the independent variables for future research is discussed, as well as anomalous results and other data of interest. (shrink)

La tendencia contemporánea que aspira a la superación de conflictos sociales pone de relieve la crueldad del Derecho penal. Pero más allá de la pretensión de legitimar las sanciones con teorías que indican sus finalidades, los penalistas intentan definir prácticas de perdón, creando hipótesis dentro de las cuales el Estado puede dejar de castigar.

Despite abundant evidence associating CD38 overexpression and CD4 T cell depletion in HIV infection, no causal relation has been investigated. To address this issue, a series of mechanisms are proposed, supported by evidence from different fields, by which CD38 overexpression can facilitate CD4 T cell depletion in HIV infection. According to this model, increased catalytic activity of CD38 may reduce CD4 T cells’ cytoplasmic nicotin‐amide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), leading to a chronic Warburg effect. This will reduce mitochondrial function. Simultaneously, CD38's (...) catalytic products ADPR and cADPR may be transported to the cytoplasm, where they can activate calcium channels and increase cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentrations, further altering mitochondrial integrity. These mechanisms will decrease the viability and regenerative capacity of CD4 T cells. These hypotheses can be tested experimentally, and might reveal novel therapeutic targets. (shrink)

Este artículo es producto de una reflexión etnográfica sobre el proceso de cambio sufrido por una cultura del trabajo asociada a la explotación del carbón y su vinculación con la ciudad de Lota, ubicada en el centro sur de Chile, la que se constituye comohabitacional y de servicios junto con el desarrollo de la monoindustria desde la segunda mitad del siglo XIX. Por una parte, se analiza cómo, desde la condición laboral, social y de vida de los trabajadores y la (...) población, se configura un sujeto histórico con identidad laboral y de clase, el que genera un discurso teleológico que da paso a una visión utópica durante el ciclo de vida de la explotación del mineral. Por otra, se analiza cómo el fin de la explotación del mineral en 1997, tras el cierre de los yacimientos, hace que los sujetos transformen su utopía en ucronía; es decir, cómo el fin de la narrativa que movilizaba las acciones genera una temporalidad alternativa que no tiene tiempo real, lo que revela las dificultades para reestructurar la biografía y memoria de una comunidad especializada. This article is the result of an ethnographic observation of the process of change undergone by a labor culture associated to the coal mining and its relationship with the city of Lota, located in the center South of Chile a city that has been constituted as a residential and services center along with the development of the monoindustry, from the second half of the nineteenth century. On one hand, it analyzes how this has shaped an historical subject with labor and class identity considering the working, social and living conditions of the mining workers and the population. This historical subject generates a teleological discourse that leads to a utopianist vision during the service life of the mineral´s exploitation. On the other hand, we analyze how the end of the mining activity in 1997, after the coal mine´s closing, causes the subjects to transform their utopia into uchronia; that is to say, how the aim of the narrative that addressed the actions generates an alternative temporality that has no real time, which reveals the difficulties to reconstruct the biography and memory of a specialized community. (shrink)

El propósito del presente artículo es el explorar la connotación que el vocablo ¿democracia¿ presenta para Alexis de Tocqueville, en particular en su obra paradigmática, La democracia en América. Para ello, se establecerán comparaciones con las diversas acepciones previas de dicha palabra, a fin de establecer continuidades y rupturas con las mismas. De éstas últimas es preciso rescatar principalmente el hecho de que el bisnieto de Malherbes utilizase el apelativo de democrático en función de una experiencia de vida que él (...) percibía de forma absolutamente divergente con cualquier modo de convivencia implementado en el pasado. La democracia será a su juicio un nuevo estado social, y en su carácter de tal, modificará los patrones de conducta político-sociales de manera radical. Si el pasado deja de iluminar el porvenir, si nos encontramos en una situación crítica, si la oposición entre democracia directa y representativa pierde su validez, debemos tratar de comprender lo que nos rodea con una palabra que refleje un mundo enteramente nuevo. (shrink)