Working memory (WM) is a fundamental cognitive ability to support complex thought, but it is limited in capacity. WM training has shown the potential to make benefit for those in need. Many studies have shown the potential of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) to transiently enhance WM performance by delivering low current to the brain cortex of interest via electrodes on the scalp. TDCS has also been revealed as a promising intervention to augment WM training in a few studies. However, (...) those few tDCS-paired WM training studies focused more on the effect of tDCS on WM enhancement and its transferability after training but paid less attention to the variation of cognitive performance during the training procedure. The current study attempted to explore the effect of tDCS on the variation of performance during WM training in healthy young adults. All the participant received WM training with the load-adaptive verbal N-back task for five days. During the training procedure, active/sham anodal high-definition tDCS (HD-tDCS) was used to stimulate the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). To examine the training effect, pre- and post-test were performed respectively one-day before and after the training sessions respectively. At the beginning of each training session, stable-load WM tasks were performed to examine the performance variation during training. Compared to the sham stimulation, higher learning rates of performance metrics during the training procedure were found when WM training was combined with active anodal HD-tDCS. The performance improvements (post-pre) of the active group were also found to be higher than those of sham group and were transferred to a similar untrained WM task. Further analysis revealed that the negative relation between the training improvements and baseline performance. These findings show the potential that tDCS may be leveraged as an intervention to facilitate WM training for those in need of higher WM ability. (shrink)

In the recent years, gesture recognition based on the surface electromyography (sEMG) signals has been extensively studied. However, the accuracy and stability of gesture recognition through traditional machine learning algorithms are still insufficient to some actual application scenarios. To enhance this situation, this paper proposed a method combining feature selection and ensemble extreme learning machine (EELM) to improve the recognition performance based on sEMG signals. First, the input sEMG signals are preprocessed and 16 features are then extracted from each channel. (...) Next, features that mostly contribute to the gesture recognition are selected from the extracted features using the recursive feature elimination (RFE) algorithm. Then, several independent ELM base classifiers are established using the selected features. Finally, the recognition results are determined by integrating the results obtained by ELM base classifiers using the majority voting method. The Ninapro DB5 dataset containing 52 different hand movements captured from 10 able-bodied subjects was used to evaluate the performance of the proposed method. The results showed that the proposed method could perform the best (overall average accuracy 77.9%) compared with decision tree (DT), ELM, and random forest (RF) methods. (shrink)

When the Chinese Communist Party gained control of the entire country in 1949, it faced a country that had been long plagued by civil and foreign wars, [and] was politically disintegrated and economically in shambles. During the civil war, the corrupt Guomindang regime brought the country to the brink of destruction and ruins rarely seen in China's history. In terms of economic formation, the Four Big Families [Jiang, Song, Chen, and Kong] of the Guomindang represented the interests of the major (...) bureaucrat-comprador bourgeoisie and seriously hindered the growth of the national bourgeoisie. Right after liberation, industry accounted for less than 10 percent of the gross national product, while the remaining 90 percent was composed of either an enormous small peasant economy or a feudal-patriarchal economy. In the old liberated areas in the North, the land reform led by the Chinese Communist Party freed the peasants from the feudal-patriarchal economy and enabled the emergence of groups of small private owners. However, in the newly liberated areas in the South, land reform had not yet been carried out. Therefore, whether in the urban or rural areas, complete transformations of a capitalist nature must take place to clear the way for the development of the capitalist mode of production. The period of recovery of the national economy during the three years after the founding of the People's Republic of China happened to be the same period when capitalism was fully developing. As described by Liu Shaoqi, China during that time was in an early stage of capitalist development. All reform measures of a capitalist nature had been successful, and indeed greatly helped with the recovery of the national economy. The Movement to Suppress Counterrevolutionaries and the Movement to Eliminate Counterrevolutionaries were both highly necessary and correct in wiping out the destructive elements of the surviving forces of the Guomindang and consolidating the political basis of the new society. The divisive activities of Gao Gang and Rao Shushi1 did not affect the general historical situation. (shrink)

Although most deaf individuals could use sign language or sign/spoken language mix, hearing loss would still affect their language acquisition. Compensatory plasticity holds that the lack of auditory stimulation experienced by deaf individuals, such as congenital deafness, can be met by enhancements in visual cognition. And the studies of hearing individuals have showed that visual form perception is the cognitive mechanism that could explain the association between numerical magnitude processing and arithmetic computation. Therefore, we examined numerical magnitude processing and its (...) contribution to arithmetical ability in deaf adolescents, and explored the differences between the congenital and acquired deafness. 112 deaf adolescents and 58 hearing adolescents performed a series of cognitive and mathematical tests, and it was found there was no significant differences between the congenital group and the hearing group, but congenital group outperformed acquired group in numerical magnitude processing and arithmetic computation. It was also found there was a close association between numerical magnitude processing and arithmetic computation in all deaf adolescents, and after controlling for the demographic variables and general cognitive abilities, numerical magnitude processing could predict arithmetic computation in all deaf adolescents but not in congenital group. The role of numerical magnitude processing in deaf adolescents' mathematical performance should be paid attention in the training of arithmetical ability. (shrink)

Labels provide a quick and effective solution to obtain people interesting content from large-scale social network information. The current interest label extraction method based on the subgraph stream proves the feasibility of the subgraph stream for user label extraction. However, it is extremely time-consuming for constructing subgraphs. As an effective mathematical method to deal with fuzzy and uncertain information, rough set-based representations for subgraph stream construction are capable of capturing the uncertainties of the social network. Therefore, we propose an effective (...) approach called RS_UNITE_SS, which is suitable for large-scale social network user interest label extraction. Specifically, we first propose the subgraph division algorithm to construct a subgraph stream by incorporating a rough set. Then, the algorithm for user real-time interest label extraction based on upper approximation is proposed by using sequentially characteristics of the subgraph. Empirically, we evaluate RS_UNITE_SS over real-world datasets, and experimental results demonstrate that our proposed approach is more computationally efficient than existing methods while achieving higher precision value and MRR value. (shrink)

Culture is the bloodline of the nation and the spiritual home of the people. Intangible cultural heritage belongs to the field of culture, and the transmission of ICH is a kind of human-based cultural transmission, which is the shaping of people’s morality, character, sentiment, will, ideals and beliefs, value orientation, humanistic cultivation, artistic taste, way of thinking, wisdom, and ability in the practice of production and life of various ethnic groups. Based on the status acquisition model, this study analyzed the (...) human capital, social capital, and psychological capital of ICH bearers from three perspectives. In addition to the conventional socio-demographic factors such as gender, age, place of residence, and education level as control variables, status attainment was introduced as a dependent variable, and occupational identity, job satisfaction, and entrepreneurial ability were introduced as mediating variables to construct a conceptual model in the hope of exploring the multiple influencing factors of status attainment among ICH bearers. Interviews were used to gain, the feelings and knowledge of experts, scholars, and ICH bearers, to lay a solid qualitative research foundation for this study. A questionnaire survey was also conducted to obtain basic information and professional experiences of ICH bearers to provide real support for the research analysis and discussion. As per the results of this research, all the hypotheses were supported except, HC did not have any significant impact on JS. Furthermore, SC was not in a significant association with career identity. Moreover, career identity and status attainment did not have a significant relationship. (shrink)

Using logic analysis method with contemporary philosophy conception, made the definition of a life. Analyzing the reason of a disease and characteristics of drug, explained the Chinese traditional theory of materia medica. Demonstrated the best drug contain the function of Monarch drug, Minister drug, serviceman drug and missioner drug, instructed human drug reseach in future.

Di 1-2 juan. Xi fang si chao -- di 3-4 juan. Zhongguo wen xue -- di 5-6 juan. Zhongguo xi ju.

本书从法哲学角度对理性及由它而引申出来的法理性和法理念作了系统的研究,并进而对当代吕国法治实践的理念进行了探讨,提出了自己对相关的问题的一些思考.

本书以“先秦儒家孝道研究”为题,分析了先秦时期的社会变迁与儒家孝道思想的形成、发展,并对其性质进行恰如其分的评析;着重探讨了孝道的源起及其宗教伦理化、伦理政治化发展;先秦儒家孝道思想的确立——孔子对西 周传统孝道观念的重构;孔门后学对孔子孝道思想的丰富与发展;先秦儒家孝道思想的系统化、理论化——《孝经》等内容。.

本著作对中国传统社会中较具代表性的政治家、思想家的治安思想进行了梳理, 这些治安思想与当时治安形势结合紧密, 呈现了不同历史时期治安思想的主要内容和特点.

本书选取庄子中最富有代表性的五组文论范畴或"关键词",分别从审美与艺术活动的理想,文艺创造主体的审美态度,心理状态,理法技巧以及文学艺术作品的言意特征等多个方面扼要地勾勒出庄子文论思想的精髓与概貌.

本书内容按中国美学发展的时代先后编写,从先秦到近现代共分六篇,每一篇包括原文和提要两部分。.

本书讲述了如:操纵人心、恭敬待人、出人头地、收揽人心等历史上为人处世,安邦治国的技巧和实例。.

The heterogeneity of transcranial direct current stimulation protocols and clinical profiles may explain variable results in modulating excitability in the motor cortex after stroke. However, the cortical electrical effects induced by different tDCS protocols remain unclear. Here, we aimed to compare rhythm changes in electroencephalography induced by three tDCS position protocols and the association between tDCS effects and clinical factors in stroke. Nineteen patients with chronic ischemic stroke underwent four experimental sessions with three tDCS protocols [anodal, cathodal, and bilateral ] (...) and a sham protocol, according to a single-blind randomized crossover design. Resting-state EEG was acquired before and after each protocol. First, a paired-sample t-test was used to examine the difference in spectral power between pre- and post-stimulation. Then, linear and quadratic regression models were used separately to describe the association between the clinical factors of stroke and changes in spectral power which was significantly different between pre- and post-tDCS. Finally, repeated measures analysis of variance with lesion hemisphere, stimulation protocol, and the location was performed to investigate the effects of tDCS over time. The induced effect of tDCS was mainly reflected in the alpha rhythms. The alpha power was increased by atDCS, especially low-alpha, in localized areas of the central and distant areas of the frontal and parietal lobes. Bi-tDCS also affected alpha power but in a smaller area that mainly focused on high-alpha rhythms. However, ctDCS and sham had no significant effects on any EEG rhythm. The clinical factors of time since stroke and motor impairment level were related to the change in high-alpha induced by atDCS and bi-tDCS following quadratic regression models. The above-mentioned modulation effect lasted for 20 min without attenuation. In conclusion, our findings provide evidence that the alpha rhythm of EEG is modulated differently by different tDCS protocols and that high alpha is affected by clinical characteristics such as post-stroke time and motor deficits, which is of great significance for understanding the modulation effect of different tDCS protocols on stroke and the guidance of protocols to promote motor recovery following stroke. (shrink)