The article is dedicated to a complex analysis of the “war texts”. Discursive features of the triad “war – author – text” are proposed to be researched through the prism of the holistic linguistic act of communication. Discourse analysis of “war texts” is carried out on the material of works of Oksana Zabuzhko, namely, the collection of essays “And Again I Crawl into the Tank” and “The Longest Journey”. The way the topic of the Russian-Ukrainian war is understood (...) and interpreted in the public intellectual discourse is investigated. Such research gives a possibility to acquire data on how the author presents her/his own activity-in-the[1]world and transfers her/his attitude to the events described. It is reiterated that the topic of the Russian-Ukrainian war can be researched within the boundaries of development of the discourse portrait of language personality, as the author’s texts are the information tracks of public discourse. Models of “war texts” of Oksana Zabuzhko are characterized with the help of three types of meaning: experiential (thematic sphere of communication), interpersonal (meaning of social roles), and textual (characterizes the channel of communication). The sense structure of the corresponding respective texts was scrutinized. That helped to acquire new data about their semiotic models. (shrink)

This article broadens understanding of the role that East European intellectuals have played in building foundations for democratic institutions and practices over the past two decades. Drawing on Habermas’ writings on the public sphere, we use interviews conducted with founders of women’s and gender studies centers, professional women’s NGOs and Internet forums to examine the establishment of new micro-contexts for civic engagement and critical debate in Ukraine. Three main types of indigenous feminist micro-public are identified: academic, professional and virtual. Through (...) an analysis of these micro-publics as well as the works of writer Oksana Zabuzhko, we explore the articulation and legitimation of a “national feminist” standpoint that draws upon feminism to criticize populist understandings of national history and civic belonging. We contribute to studies of democratization and transition by suggesting how small groups of critical intellectuals (locally called “tusovky”) acted as microfoundations of civil society. By supporting local engagement with Western critical theory, these small groups helped to create a new infrastructure for engaging intellectuals in the pluralization and diversification of public life. (shrink)

Many scholars have already considered the interpretation of the Bible in the works of I. Franko, including Vera Sulim, Larisa Bondar, Oksana Zabuzhko and others. However, these studies touch upon some aspects of Frank's vision of the Bible, or consider individual works of thinkers written on biblical subjects, such as "Moses," "The Death of Cain," "The Legend of Pilate," etc. Let us try here to show that the work of Ivan Franko demonstrates not only a deep philosophical understanding (...) of the Bible, a new, not dogmatic reading of its ancient stories, but also an objective and scientific analysis of the knowledge about it that has accumulated in its time by world scientific criticism. (shrink)

ABSTRACTPeople sometimes report both pleasant and unpleasant feelings when presented with affective stimuli. However, what is reported as “mixed emotions” might reflect semantic knowledge about the...

In the Article of Oksana Shepetyak "Statistical Analysis of the Relationship between the Numbers of Christian Churches of the Middle East"is analyzed the modernity of the Christians communities in their historical regions and tendency in their development. The diversity of Eastern Christianity requires a broad and multifaceted study. Most researchers focus on the history of formation, theological and liturgical aspects, and contemporaneity. This study is devoted to the comparison of only statistics, which, however, reveal an entirely new picture of (...) the Christian East. The comparison of the number of believers in the Eastern Churches shows that the Oriental non-orthodox churches dominate in the Alexandrian tradition, while the Eastern Catholic Churches predominate in the East Syrian and Western-Syrian tradition. Instead, the Churches of the Byzantine tradition in the Middle East turned into small religious communities. (shrink)

In this paper is constructed an analogue of the square of opposition for propositions about relations between two non-empty sets. Unlike the classical square of opposition, the proposed scheme uses all logically possible syllogistic constants, formulated in V.I. Markin’s universal language for traditional positive syllogistic theories. This scheme can be called “Logical lantern”. The basic constants of this language are representing the five basic relations between two non-empty sets: equity, strict inclusion, reversed strict inclusion, intersection and exclusion (considered are only (...) the relations between sets, but not the relations of the sets to the universe). The other relations between sets are combinations (disjunctions) of the basic ones. There are 32 constants and 32 respective propositions, and the proposed diagram expresses and/or allows to deduce the logical relations among those propositions. The constructed scheme, making it possible to visually see the logical relations among propositions about relations between two non-empty sets, allows us to suggest considering logical relations not discussed previously: many-place Aristotelian-like logical relations among propositions: exhaustive _n_-place contrariety and exhaustive _n_-place subcontrariety (_n_ is a natural number, \(n>2\) ). (shrink)

The current article discusses the distinction between affective valence—the degree to which an affective response represents pleasure or displeasure—and semantic valence, the degree to which an object or event is considered positive or negative. To date, measures that reflect positivity and negativity are usually placed under the same conceptual umbrella (e.g., valence, affective, emotional), with minimal distinction between the modes of valence they reflect. Recent work suggests that what might seem to reflect a monolithic structure of valence has at least (...) two different, confounding underlying sources, affective and semantic, that are fundamentally distinct, dissociable, and that obey different, recognizable rules. The current work discusses this distinction and provides implications for affective science from both the theoretical and the empirical perspective. (shrink)

The specificity of the process of professional training and formation of future teachers of fine arts is due to the direction of art and pedagogical education, the peculiarities of communication with art, approaches to the use of its educational potential. Therefore, in determination of the principles of professional development of teachers of fine arts, the problem of theoretical and methodological understanding of the nature and content of decorative and applied arts in the preparation and professional development is actualized. On the (...) one hand, this applies to how the artistic and aesthetic consciousness of the future teacher will be formed, and on the other - on what basis this teacher will educate his or her students. In accordance with the theoretical aspect of the formation of artistic and pedagogical competence of future teachers of fine arts in the process of studying of decorative and applied arts, a research was conducted. It made it possible to analyze the content, forms, methods and conditions of formation of artistic and pedagogical competence of future artists-teachers. Diagnostic research tools have been developed, which make it possible to identify the level of formation of the main structural components of artistic and pedagogical competence of future teachers of fine arts. The research showed an insufficient level of formation of artistic and pedagogical competence of future teachers of fine arts, which is characterized by a lack of thoroughness and systemness of knowledge in decorative and applied arts, by insufficient development of the emotional and sensual sphere of students and reproductive readiness for professional and creative activities. (shrink)

The colorful worldviews of our contemporaries are a manifestation of world-wide processes in the world, which are usually defined through the concepts of "globalization processes", "information day", "postmodern instruction" and are accompanied in particular by such negative additions as "global problems of humanity", "information gluttony" "," the loss of faith in the reasoning of mankind and its historical progress. " The latter should also include the loss of faith in the true meaning of life, the world, history and, as a (...) consequence, the lack of faith in the guaranteed prospects of achieving a proper state of being. It is clear that these problems are in one way or another rooted in the spiritual realm, since the absence or irrelevance of the foundations of the worldview can lead to information bewilderment, alienation from the world, loss of self-identity and a harmonious and holistic vision of being in its multiple vector time parameters. Obviously, it is religion itself, and the Catholic Church in particular, that has historically developed and proven tools for restoring a human belief in the true, valid foundations and perspectives of human life. After all, religious organizations themselves have a keen interest in their relevance in the modern world, as their future will depend on it. (shrink)

When we turn to N.S. Gavrilova, our attention is attracted by the fact that all the topics in which she carried out scientific research, had a sign of "modernity". This is the first topic of his dissertation research - "Religious consciousness of contemporary students in the context of ideological pluralism " and a scientific monograph. Of course, the choice of the subject of the candidate research largely and for a long time determines any scientific research and reflection of the researcher, (...) who seems to fall into the enchanted circle of specific subject-methodological attraction. That modernity has not accidentally marked the scientific work of this young religious scholar. (shrink)

The author responds to the article by L. Fylypovych "Does Contemporary Ukrainian Religious Studies have a Strategy for Survival and Development?", where she gives her recommendations for overcoming the crisis in humanities in general and in religious studies in particular.

Transportation companies which operate in risk conditions need the organization and management of the system of economic security. Ensuring adequate economic security in activities of transportation companies is one of the main management tasks because the efficiency of operation of the business depends on it. Development and implementation of a system of evaluation the level of economic security of the transportation companies, adequate to modern market conditions, enhances the efficiency of transportation companies. Based on analysis of the literature, there are (...) a number of approaches to the assessment of the economic security on the enterprise, in particular, resource, task, complex and so on. Methodological approach to the evaluation of the economic security of the transportation companies on the sources of threats is proposed. The sources and causes of threats, risks and effects of realized risk indicators for the economic security of the transportation companies are identified according to the proposed methodological approach to the evaluation of the economic security. Assessment indicators may vary depending on the realized risk. A flexible system of indicators that includes absolute and relative figures are formed for making management decisions on the basis of the proposed evaluation of the economic security of the transportation companies indicators. Absolute figures are estimated in the dynamics and are analyzed on the structure. Relative figures are formed as the ratio of the corresponding absolute index to the value either volume of traffic, or the number of rolling stock, or the number of employees, or the cost of resources and so on. Threats significantly affect the level of economic security, create the need for efficient internal threats management, and mechanisms of adaptation to external threats in the system of economic safety of the transportation companies. This allows the transportation companies to ensure effective management decisions to minimize or avoid the impact of threats on the activities of transportation companies, and thus to achieve a high level of economic security. (shrink)

The article is dedicated to analyzing the nature of genius in the context of the development of fiction about artists. From the biographies of the famous Renaissance artists by G. Vasari, who made one of the first attempts at chronicling the lives of geniuses of his time, to modern fictionalized biographies of genius artists – we can trace the desire of writers to comprehend the nature of the artists and sculptors’ genius. The foundation of the concept of genius can be (...) found in Immanuel Kant’s works, which synthesized theories developed previously and influenced the understanding of genius by future generations. The paper analyses the consonance of Kant’s aesthetics with the concept of genius in fictionalized biographies of F. Goya, M. Bashkirtseva, V. van Gogh, P. Gauguin, O. Novakivskyi, K. Bilokur, P. Picasso, V. Tsymbal, S. Karaffa-Korbut and other artists, while focusing on the Ukrainian texts of the 20th–early 21st centuries. The research attempts to single out and analyze elements of conceptualizing the notion of genius in novels, including the concepts of the beautiful and the sublime in art, recognition of genius in society, the gender aspect of genius, the issues of heredity, and others. The representation of the image of genius in visual arts, iconography, and the cult of genius are discussed within an intermedial framework. The research relies on literary and art criticism methodology and comparative and intermedial studies. (shrink)

У статті на основі аналізу фрагментів з листів червоноармійців, зроблених співробітниками Державного політичного управління (ДПУ) в рамках практики перлюстрації, реконструйовані окремі аспекти сприйняття червоноармійцями навколишньої дійсності, політики та ідеології нової влади, свого місця в новому суспільстві і його соціальній структурі. Зокрема простежуються результати активної антирелігійної кампанії, прагнення більшовиків у процесі ідеологічного впливу на червоноармійців зв'язати в їх свідомості релігію з пригніченням, владою буржуазних класів. Зафіксована і зворотна реакція самих червоноармійців: від високого рівня засвоєння ідеологем, до сумнівів і неприйняття їх.

У статті висвітлюються погляди о. М. Конрада на націоналізм та пов’язані з ним поняття: національна ідентичність, нація, національна держава у контексті проблеми «націоналізм та католицизм», які він висловив у доповіді під назвою «Націоналізм та католицизм», написаній для виступу на Академічних вечорах Богословського Наукового Товариства. Проведене дослідження дало можливість, на основі аналізу основоположних понять націоналізму, з’ясувати бачення М. Конрадом альтернативного вчення до інтегрального націоналізму Д. Донцова – націоналізму католицького. Також ствердити, що мислителю вдалося розвинути власне ґрунтовне і виважене бачення проблеми, яке (...) можна окреслити як католицький націоналізм. У результаті вивчення його ідей було з’ясовано, що вони містяться на межі двох філософських напрямів – неотомізму та політичної філософії. Однією з причин ідеї розвитку націоналізму на християнських засадах була потреба протиставити її інтегральному націоналізму Д. Донцова, який перебував під впливом філософії Ф. Ніцше. Спільність розуміння поняття національної ідентичності, сутності націоналізму та його видів Конрадом і сучасними мислителями (В. Лісовий, О. Проценко, Е. Сміт) свідчить про далекоглядність та актуальність ідей отця у царині політичної філософії. Порівняння доповіді М. Конрада з працями польських мислителів Я. Воронецького та Ю. Бохенського дало можливість ствердити, що його ідея католицького націоналізму розвивалася у межах політико-філософського дискурсу з розвитку, поширення та впровадження націоналістичних ідей як у польському, так і в українському середовищі. М. Конрад, Я. Воронецький та Ю. Бохенський намагалися розглядати проблему націоналізму на засадах раннього неотомізму, зокрема вчення про природній закон, загальне добро, вчення про державу, застосовуючи його до проблем тогочасного суспільства. (shrink)

This article concerns the evolution of philosopher and lawyer Yevhen Spektorskyi’s views on social science in the context of social thought of that time. At the end of the 19th – beginning of the 20th century in Russian philosophy appeared a strong need for a search for an alternative to positivism and Marxism interpretation of sociology, which would enable it to deal with pressing social and ethical issues. Neo-Kantian philosophy became one of those alternatives, and it had a profound influence (...) on Spektorskyi at the beginning of his academic career when he justified the importance of social sciences on the basis of the human ability to set goals. Having been disappointed in a study of oughtness, Spektorskyi turned on genealogical research into social science whose key phenomenon he believed to be the social physics of the 17th century. Spektorskyi reached a conclusion that a mechanical view on the individual and society, which was typical for the modern era thought, could not grasp all the aspects of both a person and a society, therefore, oriented towards natural sciences, social physics had failed. In his own philosophical research, Spektorskyi struggled to cohere the ideal of rational science and a possibility to examine the human as a moral being by developing his classification of sciences and critically rethinking the very basis of the social science. Spektorskyi’s works written in emigration were focused on cultural and religious issues that offered a fresh perspective on social science. He considered Christian philosophy to be an idealistic one and used it as a basis for his own version of Christian sociology that understood society in regard to the Christian ideal of an individual and community.Manuscript received 04.09.2020. (shrink)

The global coronavirus pandemic has had an impact on the socio-economic development of the world. The article assesses the economic growth in the EAEU member States for 2020. Specific features of the development of the Union's economies are defined. Recommendations for increasing the rate of economic growth are formulated.

In the Theaetetus Socrates provides an elaboration and discussion of Protagoras’ measure doctrine, grounding it in a “secret doctrine” of flux. This paper argues that the anthropology of the myth in the Protagoras provides an earlier, very different way to explain the measure doctrine, focusing on its application to civic values, such as “just,” “fine,” and “pious.” The paper shows that Protagoras’ explanation of the dual etiology of virtue – that it is acquired both by nature and by nurture – (...) tracks the two meanings of “anthropos” in his formulation of the measure doctrine, as “humankind” and “individual human.” On Protagoras’ account, humankind’s survival can be explained by the fact that humans share shame and justice, which enables them to live together in cities. (shrink)

The article considers the issue of chnging the main anthropic characteristics of a human under the influence of the rapid development of the latest technologies. Such changes cause the need to revise the usual interpretation of the concept of ‘human’, which is gradually being substituted by the currently popular concepts of ‘trans-’ and ‘post-human’. These concepts are favourably perceived by the techno-optimists, who believe that the latest technologies will allow us to create people who will be physically, intellectually and spiritually (...) superior to the people of today, although they admit that this may lead to greater social inequality. The article states that the post-human potential is too ambiguous to clearly outline it. On the one hand, it opens up unprecedented possibilities, which can be considered the highest manifestation of human freedom, i.e. the ability to model a person according to one’s vision. On the other – there is a real threat to human existence itself, namely, the danger of technological capture of the potential for human improvement. Therefore, the task of the article is to outline the possible prospects for the formation and improvement of modern human identity under the conditions of its combination with the other, non-human species and the latest technologies. This is possible under the condition of acceptance of new possibilities for the post-human as the liberating force that overcomes the negativity and limitations of human nature. The comparative method and the method of analysis were used in the article. (shrink)

The formation of public opinion in different countries of the world is important for the formation of global media discourse, since ambiguous opinions are produced in the Asian media, it is worth investigating and studying the linguistic nature of journalistic methods of influencing the audience and the peculiarities of communication with readers. The study aimed to decipher the explicit and implicit linguistic techniques employed to construct political narratives in the media domains of China and Japan, while also examining existing research (...) in the realm of media language. The methodological basis of the work is analytical-synthetic, comparative, contextual and lexical-semantic analysis, which were used in a complex. In this study, the peculiarities of the media discourse of China and Japan were determined based on the analysis of the objectivity of the depiction of events related to the war in Ukraine, and an idea was formed about the characteristics of the narratives that were laid at the level of explicit and implicit meanings, decoded using the study of linguistic means. Attention is focused on the contrast between the Chinese and Japanese positions regarding the war in Ukraine in the media discourse and the peculiarities of information coverage (neutrality or stylistic marking, the choice of lexical-semantic means, the level of artistic imagery). A contextual analysis of Chinese and Japanese online newspapers, which form the modern Asian media field, was carried out, which journalistic techniques are used and which linguistic means are used to achieve the basic communicative goal. This research can be used for further linguistic investigations regarding the formation of political narratives in different regions and countries of the world, in particular regarding the war in Ukraine, conducting a comparative analysis of the rhetoric of public opinion leaders and their influence on the general media discourse. (shrink)

Source: Author: Oksana Gorbanyova The purpose of this study is to analyse the effectiveness of using interactive technologies in the process of teaching a foreign language at a higher educational institution. The principal result of our research is the analysis of the influence of using interactive techniques on acquiring communicative competence and personal development. The major conclusions estimate the significance of applying interactive technologies in learning process. ]]>.

To identify how digital media are being used by community-led initiatives of the Centro Region of Portugal, and to identify the requirements that a digital platform for mediation between agents in the territory should have, two focus groups were conducted, involving six small-sized community-led initiatives and six larger-sized community-led initiatives. This article details the results of these focus groups, according to the following main categories: use of existing communication and mediation tools; the purpose of use of digital tools; type of (...) experiences prompted by digital tools and attributes and features desired in a digital platform to support community-led initiatives. The results show differences between the use and needs of digital tools by small- and larger-sized initiatives and offer interesting insights to prototype an innovative digital solution, to enhance the actions of community-led initiatives. A reference framework for digital mediation strategies and a mobile app prototype were developed, based on these surveys. The article contributes with an analytical view about the development of digital solutions, which aim to strengthen the relationship among agents of local communities and promote mediation mechanisms among all stakeholders in territorial-based innovation. (shrink)

Due to the threat of the spread of coronavirus, in order to organize and conduct classes, as well as to ensure the continuity of the educational process during the quarantine period, educational institutions are recommended to conduct classes in the mode of remote support of the educational process. Distance learning is a form of education using computer and telecommunication technologies that provide interactive interaction between teachers and students at different stages of training, as well as independent work with information network (...) materials. The article reveals the importance of using distance learning technologies at the present stage of development of information and communication technologies in the process of training future teachers. The place and role of distance learning technologies in the higher education system is determined. It is noted that with the development of the technical capabilities of the teaching methodology and technology, the means of the teacher's educational activity change. It became possible to use new organizational forms of the educational process, using information and communication technologies. The idea of ​​what a postmodern person should be like, what competencies should have, is changing. (shrink)

At the 85th year on June 23, the national philosopher, religious scholar-atheist Yevgraf Kalenikovich Duluman, died in the famous scientific and theological circles. He was born on January 6, 1928 in the village of Velyka Bokova Lyubashevsky district of the Odessa region. He recognized the poverty of the Holodomor of 1932-1933, the insults of the years of occupation, half-life. The placement of a priest affected the young man's share: after graduating from school, he went to the Odessa theological seminary. After (...) graduating from higher theological and higher secular education - Moscow Theological Academy, Odessa Credit and Economic Institute and the Faculty of Philosophy of the Kiev University. Taras Shevchenko. (shrink)

In contemporary Ukrainian religious studies, the problem of transforming religion into a postmodern age is extremely interesting. Today in Ukraine we can observe the process of coexistence of different - traditional and new syncretic religions. There is a peculiar communication between their beliefs, which necessitates the use of intelligible words. For this reason, the appeal to the traditional Christian concept of Logos, which is also actively used by the theorists of new religions for their own purposes, is extremely relevant and (...) timely. (shrink)

One of the initial concepts of the theoretical level of the Christian cultural tradition is the concept of λ λόγоς, which came to Christianity from ancient philosophy, where it was largely understood as a discursive process of unfolding being and thinking in their proportions, objectively-logical law of the implementation of this process and epistemology), conventional, human words, or concepts. After a specific religious transformation in Christianity, the Logos began to identify not only epistemological and ontological spheres of theoretical comprehension of (...) reality, but also existential. It was the basis of the Christian paradigm as a concept that shapes and defines its ontological, epistemological and existential spheres. As a result, the Logos concept is based on the Christian model of the world. (shrink)

Relevance of the article is determined that current conditions in global financial markets to impose competitiveness and solvency of the stock market higher requirements to meet is becoming increasingly difficult given the present realities of economic instability and uncertainty. Defects of the stock market Ukraine is its low capitalization, liquidity, limited range of financial instruments. In this regard it more urgent study of current conditions, trends and characteristics of the stock market. The article is an analysis of the dynamics of (...) the stock market based on the calculation of integrated indicators in individual segments. Integrated indicators are used to obtain information about the state of the securities market as a whole or its individual segments, as well as the qualitative state of the infrastructure market. The integral index is a measure of activity in the securities market within national boundaries, which characterizes the state of domestic markets that exist in this country, or the share of which accounts for a significant portion of the securities market of the country. In the article the estimation of the dynamics and structure of registered volume of securities on the stock market of Ukraine, the number of issues, trading volumes on their stock exchange and OTC segment is given. Analysis is conducted by main financial instruments: stocks, state, municipal, corporate bonds, derivatives, securities, collective investment institutions. The methodical approach to the integrated assessment of the stock market Ukraine on the basis of calculation of integral index is grounded. The reasons of deteriorating it, reducing the share of trading quality financial instruments represented primarily government bonds Ukraine, which are traded on the stock exchange segment, and increase the proportion of shares and securities of joint investment institutions, many of which are not traded on the stock exchange and has low liquidity. (shrink)

In article describes the mechanism provide the economic security on the base of combination marketing and State economic regulation levers control this process.

The article analyzes the student's period of Sydor Holubovych in the context of social and political processes taking place among Western students of the late nineteenth century. Found out its role in the political life in the Ruthenian-Ukrainian Radical Party (RURP). In particular, we show students influential political force, which played an important role in the ideological evolution RURP. Noted S. Holubovych part in the activities of students society of "Academic Fraternity". Detail highlights the process of organizational development students' society (...) of "Academic Community", the peculiarities of cultural, educational and social work during the presidency of S. Holubovych. The role of the community in educating highly qualified professionals and the formation of their active citizenship. (shrink)

У статті на основі широкого кола історичної літератури та джерел висвітлено розвиток нафтогазової промисловості Прикарпаття й становлення її науково-технічного потенціалу, досягнення, тенденції, перспективи. Автор доводить, що провідне місце в широкому колі національних і галузевих вузів заслужено посів вищий технічний навчальний заклад - Івано-Франківський інститут нафти і газу, де проводилися ґрунтовні наукові дослідження та навчання майбутніх спеціалістів країни.

The article reveals the approaches to the essence of man by one of the founders of Russian cosmism K.E. Tsiolkovsky and V.I. Vernadsky. the teaching of which is attributed to the natural-scientific direction of Russian cosmism, during the emergence of the vector of technical and technological development of mankind. The idea of a holistic, harmonious approach to the material and spiritual world of man united the philosophical worldview of K.E. Tsiolkovsky and V.I. Vernadsky, who viewed man and the surrounding world (...) in unity from an objective standpoint, and the mind was the source of man's conquest of the Universe. The approaches of K.E. Tsiolkovsky and V.I. Vernadsky have much in common and are characterized by the scale of views on man as a global and cosmic being. At the same time, two great cosmologists approached their conclusions from different research positions. Each of them has his own way of philosophical view of a person and the world around him. The article provides a comparative analysis of the teachings of K.E. Tsiolkovsky and V.I. Vernadsky, analyzes the general and different. The relevance of the topic is determined by the modern problems of the biosphere, which as a global system has already lost its stability under human influence. A more in-depth study of the philosophy of K.E. Tsiolkovsky and V.I. Vernadsky allows us to trace the relationship of their peculiar ideas with global approaches to the microcosm of man, understanding the transcendental and spiritual foundations of the philosophy of cosmism. (shrink)

The article deals with the study of specific aspects of daily life of management and ordinary workers of the Ukrainian police at the mid 1920's based on the much-discussed in the press "Kievcase". This case was about systematic bribery in Ukrainian police (in modern language - about corruption). In this way we have detected the conditions, causes and mechanisms of the corruption that matter for the modern study of this phenomenon.

State policy in the field of law enforcement during the Khrushchev's period wasn't a stabile. The first wave of changes was associated with the abolition of some legislative acts of the Stalinist period, a significant softening of punitive line, narrowing of the scope of capital punishment, empowerment convicted people etc. On the one hand, these steps are partially rehabilitating the Soviet law enforcement. On the other hand, government actions were unreasoned and populist, designed for quick political effect. The next wave (...) of change was due to the spread of the idea of the gradual withering away of the state in terms of building a communist society. As a consequence of this ideology was the reduction of employees in the field of law enforcement and attracting a variety of civic organizations, labor groups and citizens to fulfill a variety of law enforcement functions (voluntary civil police, civil judges, civil assistant investigator, civilian prosecutors, civil lawyers, etc.). And finally, the soviet leadership made steps in the field of law enforcement toward stricter penalties for serious crimes, as well as expanding the scope of the death penalty. The country's leadership was actively intervened in the work of law enforcement. Communist Party took control the law enforcement agencies due to the appointment to senior positions along party lines and managing work of party members through the party cell. One of the major controversies of the time was mixing the steps to improve of law enforcement sphere (increased attention to the frames, structural changes, strengthening analytical work in the study of crime statistics), with a desire to demonstrate the advantages of the socialist way of life (which was manifested in the silencing of certain criminal manifestations, artificially lowering their significance by reducing the liability on them, outright ignoring problems and their causes, etc.). Contradictions were observed in the conduct of state punitive line too. On the one hand, it was a significant step up from the Stalinist penal system by expanding the rights of prisoners, procedural rules, which led to a softening of the repressive pressure on the population. On the other hand, the state retained its attitude to dissent; applying the new forms social exclusion of dissidents, for example, applying to them the impact of psychiatric measures. These moments hampered consolidation of the new format of normative behavior in the minds of ordinary citizens, and gave rise to "double standards", the imbalance between what is declared and what actually happened. (shrink)

The article describes the features of the relationship between Soviet power and engineering specialists, who was working in senior positions in factories and mines of theDonbasin the early 1920's. Interaction between professionals and the new government in that time was inconsistent and compromised. On the one hand, technical specialist received significant preferences and opportunities, regardless of their relationship to the Soviet authorities. This decision was based on the rational considerations about the impossibility of restoring the destroyed industry ofDonbasonly by party (...) instructions, without relying on a professional understanding of the fundamental aspects of the industry. On the other hand, the local party members, their leaders and the working class began pressure on the specialist, because they not understood the rationalist motivation of power and evaluated this policy as a betrayal of conquests of the revolution. The article presents a previously unknown secret document, which demonstrates that in the early 1920's the Soviet authorities in their policy in theDonbasmade a bid for the segmentation of the group of engineering specialists. "Sovietization" of professionals should be the result of internal contradictions and competition in mid group. In the same document founded the practice of detailed surveillance specialists. Later this information about specialists was used as the base for charges during the "spetseedovskie" processes at the late 1920's -1930's. (shrink)

In the article, the author substantiates the thesis that the study of the historiography of early Neo-Thomism is extremely important for research on the history of its Ukrainian branch and, accordingly, the creation of its Ukrainian historiography. Early Neotomism is a significant stage in the development of Neotomism. Under its influence, Ukrainian neo-Thomists Andrei Sheptytsky, J. Slipyj, and M. Konrad formed their views. Its study is an important part of the historiography of Ukrainian Neo-Thomism. The study of early Neo-Thomism helps (...) not only to objectively assess the views of Ukrainian Neo-Thomists, but also to distinguish the views of thinkers who do not belong to it, as in the case of H. Kostelnyk. The historiography of the issue includes not only the works of Ukrainian thinkers and studies devoted to their views, but also the sources of Neotomism, the works of foreign Neotomists, and studies that help to reconstruct the inherent context of the ideas of the representatives of the movement in Ukraine. The most important of these types of works are the encyclicals of the Popes and documents of the Church, the works of Neo-Thomist philosophers, and the achievements of researchers of this period. They help to recreate the context and clarify the features of early Neo-Thomism. The main one is objective idealism, which is used to criticise subjectivism in philosophy. The next feature is the reference not directly to the works of Thomas Aquinas, but to the encyclicals of the Popes, Church documents, and the works of famous Neo-Thomists. Thus, the absence of direct references to St Thomas is not a reason to think that a thinker cannot be a Neotomist. The study of early Neo-Thomism is an important part of the historiography of Ukrainian Neo-Thomism. His research will make it possible not only to objectively assess the views of Ukrainian neo-Thomists, but also to distinguish the views of thinkers who do not belong to it. As a result, it can be argued that the study of the historiography of early neo-Thomism is extremely important for research on the history of its Ukrainian branch and, accordingly, for the creation of the historiography of the issue. (shrink)

На прикладі рецепції Ніцше французькою думкою ХХ ст. у статті аналізується історико-філософська проблема рецепції, з’ясовуються соціально-інституційні чинники звернення до ідей того чи іншого мислителя, досліджується вписаність рецепції в логіку інтеракції різних культурно-філософських традицій. На основі аналізу Л. Пенто і В. Декомба авторка показує зумовленість перетворення Ніцше на класика французької філософської думки опозиційними структурами філософського поля, такими, як учена культура коментаря/профанна культура, науковець/митець, ерудит/творець, а також політичними, етичними, науковими проблемами французької культури 1950–1960-х років, що їх намагалася вирішити французькі філософи за допомогою (...) ресурсів думки Ніцше. Показується необхідність реалізації соціальної історії ідей, що досліджує мислителів як носіїв соціальної та інституційної ідентичності та виявляє соціальні умови циркуляції ідей і рецепцій. Обгрунтовується голістський підхід до історії ідей, який передбачає артикуляцію «внутрішньої історії ідей», себто дискурсивних філософських практик, у контексті «зовнішньої історії ідей» – невидимих опозиційних структур філософського поля з їхніми ієрархіями тем, концептів, авторів, дослідницьких пріоритетів, котрі потребують реконструкції та визначають, у кінцевому підсумку, сенс філософських формул і декларацій. (shrink)