Partiendo de la tensión entre pertenencia cultural y participación intercultural, se intenta pensar la exigencia de que la Nación y la Democracia puedan ser relacionadas desde lo intercultural, recurriendo para ello a la tesis de Ernest Renan sobre la Nación como principio espiritual y plebiscito cotidiano, así como a la defensa radical de la Democracia en el pragmatismo y neopragmatismo, así como, en otra línea, a la separación «terapéutica» entre Democracia y Política propuesta por Jean-Luc Nancy de cara a pensar (...) la «verdad» de la democracia, que se condensa en la primacía del vivir-juntos más allá de la defensa a ultranza de las posibilidades de representar, objetivar y decidir «acabadamente» ese con-vivir.We try to think relations between Nation and Democracy from an intercultural point of view, basing on the tension between cultural belonging and intercultural participation. To this aim, we take Ernest Renan’s thesis on the Nation as spiritual principle and daily plebiscite, as well as the radical defense of Democracy in pragmatism and neo-pragmatism. And, in another line, we take also the «therapeutic» separation between Democracy and Politics proposed by Jean-Luc Nancy in order to think the «truth» of Democracy. This last idea becomes condensed in the primacy of living-together beyond extreme defense of possibilities of representing, objetifying and «finished» deciding this to live-with. (shrink)

El siguiente artículo examina la noción de resistencia elaborando un análisis que problematiza el lugar de la representación en política y en democracia. En un primer momento, se plantea el problema a partir de un relato que narra un episodio y un gesto especiales de algunos prisioneros liberados de un campo de concentración. Desde esta cuestión, se revisan las aportaciones de Michel Foucault relativas a la resistencia que dan como resultado, en definitiva, un desacople de las relaciones entre poder y (...) política. Así, la resistencia sugiere un vínculo con la política que no se restringe a las formas ni a los códigos de la política convencional. No obstante, las mismas aportaciones de Foucault plantean la cuestión de la libertad como una suerte de mandato para el sujeto, frente al cual la resistencia corre el riesgo de quedar atrapada. La figura de Bartleby (Melville) ofrecerá la ocasión para sugerir una hipótesis que permita indagar en torno a una resistencia radical que no se vea coaccionada por el privilegio de la representación. Posteriormente, se examinan las aportaciones de Jacques Derrida y su lectura del inquietante personaje de Melville, que posibilitan una puesta en cuestión de la publicidad irrestricta supuesta en los dominios de lo político, la política y la democracia como democracia representativa, e incluso una interrogación exigente de tales conceptos heredados. Frente al canon, Derrida permitirá pensar justamente una resistencia radical a la manera de cierto secreto que, diciéndose, no obstante, se sustrae de la representación, y que entonces será irreductible a los dominios de lo público-político, lo que no querrá decir que ese secreto se restrinja a lo privado y posibilite replantear la cuestión democrática. Finalmente, se presentan algunas conclusiones tentativas y una síntesis de aquellos desafíos que quedan anunciados. (shrink)

La Antropología filosófica es el ámbito que enmarca el tema que convoca esta presentación. En el terreno filosófico el marco teórico se apoya, primeramente, en el pensamiento de Nietzsche teniendo en cuenta el estatuto que asigna al cuerpo. En segundo lugar, Rancière ofrece aportes en lo que se refiere a la relación polémica entre lo representable y lo irrepresentable. En tercer término, la guía es proporcionada por la crítica cultural de Walter Benjamin, quien procura revelar la influencia del cine (...) en la masa que puede verse a sí misma en la pantalla. Desplazo el tratamiento del cine como recurso útil al plano educativo. Con este fin escojo escenas fílmicas donde intento aplicar las categorías y las determinaciones analizadas para ofrecerlas como herramienta de reflexión sobre la condición humana. (shrink)

Aunque fueron muchos los intentos en la modernidad de superar el dualismo cuerpo y mente, las teorías filosóficas del lenguaje en muchos casos lo reintrodujeron de manera sutil pero no menos eficaz. El artículo discute varios teoremas para pensar la materialidad del signo y muestra la preponderancia, desde Kierkegaard hasta el estructuralismo post-Saussuriano, de pensar la materialización como algo necesario, pero arbitrario en su modalidad. En esta concepción, el cuerpo del lenguaje no es solamente aquello que se puede sino aquello (...) que se debe poder modificar: la corporalidad de la expresión es lo que debe poder ser absolutamente sustituible para conservar la unidad del sentido. Sin embargo, en muchos casos, el sentido emerge precisamente de la singularidad insustituible, de la configuración de los signos en la poesía o de la gestualidad inimitable del actor. El articulo argumenta en favor de introducir, en esta discusión, la distinción fenomenológica entre Kó'rper y Leib, que - como Husserl sugirió - también puede pueden pensarse según la diferencia entre lo representable y lo irrepresentable, entre lo que no tiene papel constituyente y que desde luego puede ser sustituido, y lo que permite ser representado por otro porque es insustituible. Although in the modern age there were plenty of attempts to overcome the mind-body dualism, its philosophical theories of languages reintroduced it in a subtle but not less effective way. In this article several theorems to think on the materiality of the sign are discussed, and the preponderance, from Kierkegaard to the post-Saussurean structuralism, of thinking the materialization as something necessary but arbitrary in its modality, is shown. The body of language under this understanding is not only that which can be modified, but that which must be modifiable: the corporeality of the utterance must be substitutable in order to preserve the unit of meaning. Nevertheless, in many cases, the meaning comes precisely from the unsubstitutable singularity, from the configuration of the signs in poetry or from the inimitable actor's gestures. The article argues for introducing in this discussion the phenomenological distinction between Kórper and Leib, which - as Husserl suggested - may also be thought from the difference between the representable and the irrepresentable, between what does not have a constituent role and hence can be substituted, and what allows to be represented by another because it is unsubstitutable. (shrink)

El presente escrito quiere poner de presente algunos problemas referentes al testimonio: la veracidad del testimonio, la comparación del conocimiento metódico y científico y el conocimiento del testimonio, la imposibilidad de representar lo irrepresentable después de Auschwitz y la apuesta por mantener la memoria a pesar de la incapacidad que existe para representar lo ocurrido en los campos de concentración. Estos problemas van a ser tratados por medio de la poesía de Celan, quien habla y da su testimonio con (...) motivos de preservar la memoria, sin pretensiones de verdad y de representar lo irrepresentable, en contra del olvido y las representaciones artísticas sin límites; y por medio de la apuesta de Derrida porque nadie puede testimoniar por otro. (shrink)

El objetivo de este trabajo es examinar el concepto leibniziano de ficción matemática, con especial énfasis en la tesis de Leibniz acerca del carácter ficcional de las nociones infinitarias. Se propone en primer lugar, como marco general de la investigación, un conjunto de cinco condiciones que una ficción tiene que cumplir para ser matemáticamente admisible. Sobre la base de las concepciones de Leibniz acerca del conocimiento simbólico, se propone la ficción matemática como la clase de nociones confusas que carecen de (...) denotación a raíz de la imposibilidad de su objeto. Tomando como punto de partida el análisis de la imposibilidad en términos de inconsis tencia, se muestra que Leibniz admite otras formas de imposibilidad, que afectan especialmente a las nociones infinitarias. Proponemos así la imposibilidad como irrepresentabilidad geométrica y la imposibilidad por incompatibilidad con principios arquitectónicos. Así, el resultado de nuestro examen fundamenta la admisión de tres tipos de ficcionalidad matemática, la ficción 1, que se corresponde con la noción inconsistente, la ficción 2 que incluye las nociones geométricamente irrepresentables y la ficción 3, que se aplica a las nociones “arquitectónicamente” imposibles. En conclusión, los conceptos infinitarios, sin ser por sí mismos inconsistentes, corresponden al tipo de ficcion 2 y ficción 3. Finalmente, se concluye que Leibniz está más preocupado por la imposibilidad por incompatibilidad con principios arquitectónicos que por la cuestión de la irrepresentabilidad geométrica. (shrink)

Las reflexiones en torno a la escritura de acontecimientos traumáticos como fueron las dictaduras chilenas y argentinas genera una serie de aporías que podrían resumirse en las siguientes cuestiones: ¿cómo comprender aquello que sobrepasa toda comprensión?, ¿cómo narrar lo inenarrable?, ¿cómo recomponer los testimonios de acontecimientos desprovistos de testigos? En este ensayo me propongo explorar estos asuntos en relación con cuatro novelas que parten de la ausencia, en tanto el pasado de la dictadura -identificado no solo como irrepresentable, también (...) como incomprensible- origina una falta o carencia de la que emerge la escritura. Concretamente se analizarán las novelas de los hijos, quienes eran aún niños durante la dictadura y por ello la vivieron de manera indirecta a través de sus padres: Formas de volver a casa (2011) de Alejandro Zambra, Una misma noche (2012) de Leopoldo Brizuela, El espíritu de mis padres sigue subiendo en la lluvia (2011) de Patricio Pron y Fuenzalida (2010) de Nona Fernández. (shrink)

Desde la Guerra contra el narcotráfico implementada por Felipe Calderón, se produce un auge en el “espectáculo de la violencia” (Berlanga “El espectáculo”), es decir, una exhibición desmedida de la violencia tanto en medios de comunicación como en los productos culturales. Esta estética corre el riesgo de naturalizar la violencia por lo que se vuelve necesario pensar en otras formas de representar lo irrepresentable. Este artículo se centra en las películas Noche de fuego (2021) de Tatiana Huezo y Sin (...) señas particulares (2020) de Fernanda Valadez. En ellas, se establecen mecanismos de resistencia a través de contra-pedagogías (Segato) como la empatía y las comunidades de afectos. A partir del uso del fuera de campo, los filmes dan cuenta de la incapacidad de representar el horror y se distancian de la representación común de la violencia. (shrink)

En este artículo expongo y analizo la propuesta berkeleyana del conocimiento nocional, que representa entre otras cosas el intento del irlandés por conocer a la mente o espíritu, esto es, a aquella cosa pensante y activa que por su propia actividad resulta irrepresentable como idea. Como el conocimiento nocional ya se menciona en los Comentarios Filosófi cos me remitiré a ellos para conocer los orígenes del mismo; sin embargo, como tal conocimiento aparece con mayor detalle en obras posteriores me (...) serviré sobre todo del Tratado para abordar la compleja doctrina nocional. // In this paper I expose and analyze the berkeleian proposal of notional knowledge. Among other things, this proposal represents Berkeley ́s attempt to know the mind or spirit, that is, the thinking and active thing that by its own activity results unrepresentable as idea. As such knowledge is already mentioned in the Philosophical Commentaries, I will refer to them in order to know the origins of that proposal. However, as notional knowledge appears in more detail in later works, I will make use especially of the Treatise to address the complex notional doctrine. (shrink)

El siguiente texto busca dar cuenta del lugar que tiene la figura del Marqués de Sade en el trabajo que lleva a cabo Foucault en Les mots et le choses. Se trata de una figura que va a mostrar el límite de la representación y de la conciencia, elementos desbordados por lo inabarcable del deseo y sumergidos en la inmensidad irrepresentable de la historia. Para ello, el texto recoge como antecedente, la función que se le otorga a Sade en (...) Histoire de la folie, como una muestra del retorno de la experiencia trágica de la locura que había sido convertida en objeto de conocimiento por la modernidad. Finalmente, el trabajo presenta algunos elementos que Foucault elabora en torno a Sade como figura de la trasgresión. (shrink)

RESUMEN El 18 de febrero de 2000, un grupo de 450 paramilitares de las Autodefensas Unidas de Colombia, armados hasta los dientes, incursionó en El Salado -corregimiento del Carmen de Bolívar. Aunque la masacre duró varios días, y cobró un saldo de 61 víctimas mortales, el 18 de febrero se puede decir que El Salado vivió un teatro real de lo atroz. La cancha principal sirvió como escenario, y el público, los mismos saladeros, fue obligado a presenciar una orgía de (...) goce y exceso. Los números y las escenas se caracterizaron por la variedad: jóvenes empaladas, ahorcamientos, ancianos asesinados a golpes, desmembramientos, apuñalamientos, asfixia con bolsas plásticas, violaciones. En lo que sigue, usando El Salado como ejemplo, trataré de caracterizar esta versión de la soberanía -este poder paralizante, con pretensiones de totalidad, que se ensaña sobre cuerpos inermes y vulnerables; un poder de naturaleza privada. Dos cuestiones me servirán de guía: ¿cuál es la mecánica o tecnología que hace posible esta relación disimétrica y absoluta de cuerpos? y ¿por qué este modo específico del poder soberano, no satisfecho con el aniquilamiento, busca representar espectacularmente dicha relación de dominación? Ante la primera cuestión, propongo ver el exceso como formando parte de planes, estrategias territoriales y formación militar. Quiero traer una alternativa a la perspectiva que habla del exceso como un arrebato de locura sin más o como lo otro irrepresentable. Frente a la segunda pregunta, intento revisar las condiciones del teatro soberano, y su modo llamativo de autorrepresentarse en las masacres de este tipo. ABSTRACT On February 18, 2000, a group of 450 soldiers of the Autodefensas Unidas de Colombia arrived at El Salado. Although the massacre lasted for several days, and left 61 dead, on February 18, it can be said that El Salado lived in a real theater of the atrocious. The main mini soccer field was a stage, and the public, the local population, was forced to witness an orgy of enjoyment and excess. The numbers and scenes were characterized by variety: impaled youths, hangings, old men beaten to death, dismemberment, stabbings, suffocation with plastic bags, rapes. The following article, using El Salado as an example, will try to characterize this version of sovereignty -this paralyzing power, with claims of totality, that rages on defenseless and vulnerable bodies, a power of a private nature. Two questions will guide this research: what is the mechanics or technology that makes this asymmetric and absolute relationship of bodies possible?, and, why this specific mode of sovereign power, not satisfied with annihilation, seeks to dramatically represent this relationship of domination? Faced with the first question, this paper proposes to view excess as part of plans, territorial strategies, and military training. It wants to bring an alternative to the perspective that speaks of excess as an outburst of madness or as the unrepresentable. Regarding the second question, it will try to review the conditions of the sovereign theater, and its striking way of manifesting itself in massacres of this kind. (shrink)

Although informed consent is important in clinical research, questions persist regarding when it is necessary, what it requires, and how it should be obtained. The standard view in research ethics is that the function of informed consent is to respect individual autonomy. However, consent processes are multidimensional and serve other ethical functions as well. These functions deserve particular attention when barriers to consent exist. We argue that consent serves seven ethically important and conceptually distinct functions. The first four functions pertain (...) principally to individual participants: (1) providing transparency; (2) allowing control and authorization; (3) promoting concordance with participants' values; and (4) protecting and promoting welfare interests. Three other functions are systemic or policy focused: (5) promoting trust; (6) satisfying regulatory requirements; and (7) promoting integrity in research. Reframing consent around these functions can guide approaches to consent that are context sensitive and that maximize achievable goals. (shrink)

Different types of consent are used to obtain human biospecimens for future research. This variation has resulted in confusion regarding what research is permitted, inadvertent constraints on future research, and research proceeding without consent. The National Institutes of Health Clinical Center's Department of Bioethics held a workshop to consider the ethical acceptability of addressing these concerns by using broad consent for future research on stored biospecimens. Multiple bioethics scholars, who have written on these issues, discussed the reasons for consent, the (...) range of consent strategies, and gaps in our understanding, and concluded with a proposal for broad initial consent coupled with oversight and, when feasible, ongoing provision of information to donors. This article describes areas of agreement and areas that need more research and dialogue. Given recent proposed changes to the Common Rule, and new guidance regarding storing and sharing data and samples, this is an important and tim.. (shrink)

When applied in the health sector, AI-based applications raise not only ethical but legal and safety concerns, where algorithms trained on data from majority populations can generate less accurate or reliable results for minorities and other disadvantaged groups.

This research aims to examine access to medical treatment during the COVID-19 pandemic for people living with disabilities. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the practical and ethical problems of allocating limited medical resources such as intensive care unit beds and ventilators became critical. Although different countries have proposed different guidelines to manage this emergency, these proposed criteria do not sufficiently consider people living with disabilities. People living with disabilities are therefore at a higher risk of exclusion from medical treatments as physicians (...) tend to assume they have poor quality of life, whereas access to medical treatment should be based on several parameters, including clinical data and prognosis. However, the COVID-19 pandemic shifts the medical paradigm from person-centred medicine to community-centred medicine, challenging the main ethical theories. We reviewed the main guidelines and recommendations for resources allocation and examined their position toward persons with disabilities. Based on our findings, we propose criteria for not discriminating against people with disabilities in allocating resources. The shift from person-centred to community-centred medicine offers opportunities but also risks sacrificing the most vulnerable people. The principle of reasonable accommodation must always be considered to guarantee the rights of persons with disabilities. (shrink)

concepts typically are defined in terms of lacking physical or perceptual referents. We argue instead that they are not devoid of perceptual information because knowledge of real-world situations is an important component of learning and using many abstract concepts. Although the relationship between perceptual information and abstract concepts is less straightforward than for concrete concepts, situation-based perceptual knowledge is part of many abstract concepts. In Experiment 1, participants made lexical decisions to abstract words that were preceded by related and unrelated (...) pictures of situations. For example, share was preceded by a picture of two girls sharing a cob of corn. When pictures were presented for 500 ms, latencies did not differ. However, when pictures were presented for 1,000 ms, decision latencies were significantly shorter for abstract words preceded by related versus unrelated pictures. Because the abstract concepts corresponded to the pictured situation as a whole, rather than a single concrete object or entity, the necessary relational processing takes time. In Experiment 2, on each trial, an abstract word was presented for 250 ms, immediately followed by a picture. Participants indicated whether or not the picture showed a normal situation. Decision latencies were significantly shorter for pictures preceded by related versus unrelated abstract words. Our experiments provide evidence that knowledge of events and situations is important for learning and using at least some types of abstract concepts. That is, abstract concepts are grounded in situations, but in a more complex manner than for concrete concepts. Although people's understanding of abstract concepts certainly includes knowledge gained from language describing situations and events for which those concepts are relevant, sensory and motor information experienced during real-life events is important as well. (shrink)

The present work looks at what we call “the multiverse of quantification”, where visible and invisible numbers permeate all aspects and venues of life. We review the contributions of different authors who focus on the roles of quantification in society, with the aim of capturing different and sometimes separate voices. Several scholars, including economists, jurists, philosophers, sociologists, communication and data scientists, express concerns or identify critical areas of our relationship with new technologies of ‘numericization’. While mindful of the important specificities (...) of the different families of quantification, we use our broad and holistic canvas to explore possible spaces for a more systematic investigation of incumbent and novel quantifications, as to increase communication among disciplinary communities, and among these and society, in the pursuit a democratic agency and self-defence. (shrink)

The following article proposes an empirical study to explore communication strategies in the Cosa Nostra. Psychological studies on the characteristics of the language within the criminal organization are undoubtedly recent, but crucial to thoroughly understand the characteristics of implicit and explicit communication it adopts in the various contexts it works, as well as the power and value they assume. The data we have obtained from some videos concerning interviews and police interrogations to men of honor have been analyzed through a (...) method that refers to the grounds of qualitative research in clinical psychology, the Grounded Theory by Glaser and Strauss. The analysis we have carried out and its relevant data show us a world of the Mafia where the care for linguistic choices, for both form and contents, is characterized as a crucial activity, even when words are replaced by silence or gestures. (shrink)

Taiwan was affected by an outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in early 2003. A questionnaire survey was conducted to determine (1) the perceptions of risk of SARS infection in nurses; (2) the proportion of nurses considering leaving their job; and (3) work as well as non-work factors related to nurses' consideration of leaving their job because of the SARS outbreak. Nearly three quarters (71.9%) of the participants believed they were 'at great risk of exposure to SARS', 49.9% felt'an (...) increase in workload', and 32.4% thought that people avoided them because of their job; 7.6% of the nurses not only considered that they should not care for SARS patients but were looking for another job or considering resignation. The main predictors of nurses' consideration of leaving their job were shorter tenure, increased work stress, perceived risk of fatality from SARS, and affected social relationships. The findings are important in view of potential impending threats of pandemics such as avian influenza. (shrink)

The editors of the JRE solicited short essays on the COVID‐19 pandemic from a group of scholars of religious ethics that reflected on how the field might help them make sense of the complex religious, cultural, ethical, and political implications of the pandemic, and on how the pandemic might shape the future of religious ethics.

Cet article se propose de montrer comment un crime de masse tel que le génocide entraîne des répercussions psychiques sur plusieurs générations, ce que l’on peut considérer comme une catastrophe de la filiation. Comment s’inscrire dans un lien de filiation pour écrire son propre roman des origines lorsque l’horreur vécue musèle à jamais la vie de la mémoire, de la parole et de la transmission? C’est à travers la médiation projective de la libre réalisation de l’arbre généalogique que l’article tentera (...) d’explorer ces questions par une étude de cas. Dans l’espace intermédiaire de la rencontre, tout en respectant les aménagements défensifs du sujet, le travail de perlaboration se rend possible. L’article montre comment la dimension médiatrice et projective du dispositif se met au service du travail d’historicisation et de remémoration de l’histoire familiale et collective chez un descendant d’un survivant de la Shoah. (shrink)

RationaleSurrogates of critically ill patients often have inaccurate expectations about prognosis. Yet there is little research on how intensive care unit clinicians should discuss prognosis, and existing expert opinion-based recommendations give only general guidance that has not been validated with surrogate decision makers.ObjectiveTo determine the perspectives of key stakeholders regarding how prognostic information should be conveyed in critical illness.MethodsThis was a multicenter study at three academic medical centers in California, Pennsylvania, and Washington. One hundred eighteen key stakeholders completed in-depth semistructured (...) interviews. Participants included 47 surrogates of adult patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome; 45 clinicians working in study ICUs, including physicians, nurses, social workers, and spiritual care providers; and 26 experts in health communication, decision science, ethics, family-centered care, geriatrics, healthcare disparities, palliative care, psychology, psychiatry, and critical care.Measurements and main resultsThere was broad support among surrogates for existing expert recommendations, including truthful prognostic disclosure, emotional support, tailoring the disclosure strategy to each family's needs, and checking for understanding. In addition, stakeholders offered suggestions that add specificity to existing recommendations, including: In addition to conveying prognostic estimates, clinicians should help families "see the prognosis for themselves" by showing families radiographic images and explaining the clinical significance of physical manifestations of severe disease at the bedside. Many physicians did not support using numeric estimates to convey prognosis to families, whereas many surrogates, clinicians from other disciplines, and experts believed numbers could be helpful. Clinicians should conceptualize prognostic communication as an iterative process that begins with a preliminary mention of the possibility of death early in the ICU stay and becomes more detailed as the clinical situation develops. Although prognostic information should be initially disclosed by physicians, other members of the multidisciplinary team-nurses, social workers, and spiritual care providers-should be given explicit role responsibilities to reinforce physicians' prognostications and help families process a poor prognosis emotionally.ConclusionsFamily members, clinicians, and experts identified specific communication behaviors that clinicians should use to discuss prognosis in the critical care setting. These findings extend existing opinion-based recommendations and should guide interventions to improve communication about prognosis in ICUs. (shrink)

As a theoretical extension of other previous studies, this work represents an improvement of the notions about the relationship between adolescence and Mafia. The research has been aiming at exploring teenagers’ universe within specific social contexts where the presence of criminal organizations is significant, focusing the attention on the modalities through which evolutionary tasks are coped with in contexts with high Mafia density and often characterized by a perception of social space that makes personal, financial, and political development problematic. The (...) research has involved 93 teenagers who live in southern regions where the presence of Mafia organizations is significant. Six focus groups have been carried out, recorded, and transcribed. Verbalizations were analyzed through appropriate qualitative templates, which allowed detecting of three thematic macro-areas: representations of Mafia, emotions connected to it, and planning skills. The qualitative analy.. (shrink)

This book provides the first English translations of pivotal essays and debates on the role of language politics, linguistics, and translation in Antonio Gramsci's influential cultural theory. It also includes new works from leading and up-and-coming anglophone scholars to create a vital resource for a wide variety of readers interested in Gramsci across many disciplines including cultural studies, critical political economy, social and political theory, literature, sociology, post-colonialism, and philosophy.

ABSTRACTDifficulties with inhibiting fear have been associated with the emergence of anxiety problems and poor response to cognitive–behavioural treatment. Fear inhibition problems measured using experimental paradigms involving aversive stimuli may be inappropriate for vulnerable samples and may not capture fear inhibition problems evident in everyday life. We present the Fear Inhibition Questionnaire, a self-report measure of fear inhibition abilities. We assess the FIQ’s factor structure across two cultures and how well it correlates with fear inhibition indices derived experimentally. Adolescent participants (...) from Hong Kong and England completed the FIQ, with the English participants also completing a conditioning and extinction task to assess fear inhibition problems. Across both cultures, the FIQ showed a single factor structure and low FIQ scores, or worse fear inhibition problems, were associated with self-reports of heightened anxiety. Correlation of FIQ scores with experimental indices, whi... (shrink)

Organizational identification has increasingly attracted scholarly attention as a key factor in understanding organizational processes and in fostering efficient human resource management. Available evidence shows that organizational ethical climate crucially predicts OI, a key determinant of both employees’ attitudes and behaviors. In the present paper, we examined the relationship between two specific ethical climates, distributed leadership, and employees’ attitudes and behaviors, incorporating OI as a core underlying mechanism driving these relationships. Three hundred and forty-two employees filled out questionnaires to examine (...) ethical climate, DL, OI, and a series of measures concerning attitudes and behaviors toward the organization. Structural equation modeling confirmed that a perception of an ethical climate of friendship fostered OI, which elicited higher commitment, perceived trust and recommendation, and lower turnover intention. Perception of DL further contributed to increasing OI. Our findings suggest that HR practices should carefully consider employee perceptions of a collectivistic ethical climate, together with perceptions of DL, as key determinants of positive organizational outcomes. We discuss results in light of the social identity approach and present practical implications for HR management. (shrink)

Objectives: To study the attitudes of both medical and non-medical students towards the do-not-resuscitate decision in a university in Hong Kong, and the factors affecting their attitudes.Methods: A questionnaire-based survey conducted in the campus of a university in Hong Kong. Preferences and priorities of participants on cardiopulmonary resuscitation in various situations and case scenarios, experience of death and dying, prior knowledge of DNR and basic demographic data were evaluated.Results: A total of 766 students participated in the study. There were statistically (...) significant differences in their DNR decisions in various situations between medical and non-medical students, clinical and preclinical students, and between students who had previously experienced death and dying and those who had not. A prior knowledge of DNR significantly affected DNR decision, although 66.4% of non-medical students and 18.7% of medical students had never heard of DNR. 74% of participants from both medical and non-medical fields considered the patient’s own wish as the most important factor that the healthcare team should consider when making DNR decisions. Family wishes might not be decisive on the choice of DNR.Conclusions: Students in medical and non-medical fields held different views on DNR. A majority of participants considered the patient’s own wish as most important in DNR decisions. Family wishes were considered less important than the patient’s own wishes. (shrink)

Before COVID-19, dementia singing groups and choirs flourished, providing activity, cognitive stimulation, and social support for thousands of people with dementia in the UK. Interactive music provides one of the most effective psychosocial interventions for people with dementia; it can allay agitation and promote wellbeing. Since COVID-19 has halted the delivery of in-person musical activities, it is important for the welfare of people with dementia and their carers to investigate what alternatives to live music making exist, how these alternatives are (...) delivered and how their accessibility can be expanded. This community case study examines recent practice in online music-making in response to COVID-19 restrictions for people with dementia and their supporters, focusing on a UK context. It documents current opportunities for digital music making, and assesses the barriers and facilitators to their delivery and accessibility. Online searches of video streaming sites and social media documented what music activities were available. Expert practitioners and providers collaborated on this study and supplied input about the sessions they had been delivering, the technological challenges and solutions they had found, and the responses of the participants. Recommendations for best practice were developed and refined in consultation with these collaborators. Over 50 examples of online music activities were identified. In addition to the challenges of digital inclusion and accessibility for some older people, delivering live music online has unique challenges due to audio latency and sound quality. It is necessary to adapt the session to the technology's limitations rather than expect to overcome these challenges. The recommendations highlight the importance of accessibility, digital safety and wellbeing of participants. They also suggest ways to optimize the quality of their musical experience. The pandemic has prompted innovative approaches to deliver activities and interventions in a digital format, and people with dementia and their carers have adapted rapidly. While online music is meeting a clear current need for social connection and cognitive stimulation, it also offers some advantages which remain relevant after COVID-19 restrictions are relaxed. The recommendations of this study are intended to be useful to musicians, dementia care practitioners, and researchers during the pandemic and beyond. (shrink)

Collection of texts on philosophical positions (sidhānta) of Vaibhāṣika, Sautrāntika, Yogācārya, and Mādhyamika schools of Buddhism with Hindusim.

Perspectivas: una aproximación al pensamiento ético y político contemporáneo recoge algunas de las conferencias pronunciadas en unas jornadas sobre pensamiento crítico, tituladas ¿Liquidar la Modernidad?, que tuvieron lugar en la Biblioteca María Moliner de la Facultad de Filosofía y Letras de la Universidad de Zaragoza en 2010. Y por otro lado, recopila las cuatro intervenciones que se produjeron en una jornada sobre pensamiento contemporáneo que, dirigida a profesorado de enseñanza secundaria, tuvo lugar en el Paraninfo de la Universidad de Zaragoza (...) el 26 de noviembre de 2011. El libro pretende también contribuir a establecer vínculos estrechos entre el Departamento de Filosofía y el profesorado de secundaria con el fin, entre otras cuestiones, de implicarse en la mejor preparación del alumnado de cara a la Prueba de Acceso a la Universidad y de facilitar la tarea docente del profesorado. En ese sentido, y puesto que actualizar el programa, dando cabida al siglo XX, parecía una cuestión necesaria, se ha configurado una aproximación a algunos autores y autoras contemporáneos, en la dimensión ética y/o política de su pensamiento, que también puede resultar útil para el profesorado de Filosofía en enseñanza secundaria. (shrink)