Results for ' vulnerabilities'

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  1.  19
    Oversight: Community vulnerabilities in the blind spot of research ethics.Nicholas G. Cragoe - 2017 - Research Ethics 15 (2):1-15.
    In spite of many and varied concerns that the processes of institutional ethical review are flawed, cumbersome, and in need of reform, these processes do provide effective protection in certain sit...
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  2. New Technologies and Money Laundering Vulnerabilities.Lishan Ai & Jun Tang - 2016 - In Jean-Loup Richet, David Weisstub & Michel Dion (eds.), Financial Crimes: Psychological, Technological, and Ethical Issues. Cham: Springer Verlag.
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  3. Part III: Art, aesthetics and the vulnerabilities of political appearances. Paying attention to affliction: Hannah Arendt and Simone Weil on tragic storytelling.Pascale Devette - 2024 - In Kathryn Lawson & Joshua Livingstone (eds.), Hannah Arendt and Simone Weil: unprecedented conversations. London: Bloomsbury Academic.
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  4.  2
    Democratic legitimacy and its vulnerabilities: The case of South Africa.Brian Levy - forthcoming - Philosophy and Social Criticism.
    This article uses the example of South Africa to explore how inequality, institutions, identity, and polarization interact. The first 15 years of the country’s constitutional democracy was characterized by a virtuous spiral fueled by hope that a thriving, inclusive society was in reach, an embrace of win-win cooperation, and a surge of civic confidence in the legitimacy of the public domain. The next 15 years witnessed rising discontent in response to continuing massive inequality and economic hardship – plus sustained efforts (...)
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  5.  18
    Probing the Biggar Line: Strong Points and Vulnerabilities of an Anglican Defence of Britain’s Latest Belligerent Century and of Wider Just War Theoretical Positions.Paul Schulte - 2015 - Studies in Christian Ethics 28 (3):316-327.
    Biggar’s excellent book allows examination of the adequacy of Christian just war theory over key events of the last century’s British military and interventionary history. I attempt infiltration of key positions behind a creeping barrage, following the contours of Biggar’s arguments, finally firing corrosive Greek fire into the deep Latinate redoubts of Fortresses Augustine and Aquinas. I shall explain why the audit of Biggar’s ambitious defensive system shows a very mixed balance sheet for just war theory.
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  6.  35
    The Romanian Emigration to the United States until the First World War. Revisiting Opportunities and Vulnerabilities.Gabriel Viorel Gardan & Marius Eppel - 2012 - Journal for the Study of Religions and Ideologies 11 (32):256-287.
    The European emigration on the other side of the Atlantic was a complex phenomenon. The areas inhabited by Romanians got acquainted to this phenomenon towards the end of the nineteenth century and the beginning of the twentieth. Therefore, starting with the year 1895, a certain mixture of causes led to a massive migration to America, especially of the Romanians from the rural areas. The purpose of our study is to explore the causes of the Romanian emigration across the ocean up (...)
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  7.  26
    Prisoners as Living Donors: A Vulnerabilities Analysis.Lainie Friedman Ross & J. Richard Thistlethwaite - 2018 - Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 27 (1):93-108.
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  8.  26
    The Romanian Emigration to the United States until the First World War. Revisiting Opportunities and Vulnerabilities.Eppel Marius & Gârdan Gabriel-Viorel - 2012 - Journal for the Study of Religions and Ideologies 11 (32):256-287.
  9.  44
    The interaction of affective states and cognitive vulnerabilities in the prediction of non-suicidal self-injury.Jonah N. Cohen, Jonathan P. Stange, Jessica L. Hamilton, Taylor A. Burke, Abigail Jenkins, Mian-Li Ong, Richard G. Heimberg, Lyn Y. Abramson & Lauren B. Alloy - 2015 - Cognition and Emotion 29 (3):539-547.
  10.  26
    Correction: Pandemic Surveillance and Racialized Subpopulations: Mitigating Vulnerabilities in COVID-19 Apps.Tereza Hendl, Ryoa Chung & Verina Wild - 2021 - Journal of Bioethical Inquiry 18 (3):535-535.
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  11. Toward Global Justice: Intersecting Structural Vulnerabilities as a Key Category for Equality Policies in the Age of Bordered Migrations.MariaCaterina La Barbera - 2019 - In Juan Carlos Velasco & MariaCaterina La Barbera (eds.), Challenging the Borders of Justice in the Age of Migrations. Cham, Switzerland: Springer Verlag.
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  12.  99
    Vulnerability in research and health care; describing the elephant in the room?Samia A. Hurst - 2008 - Bioethics 22 (4):191–202.
    Despite broad agreement that the vulnerable have a claim to special protection, defining vulnerable persons or populations has proved more difficult than we would like. This is a theoretical as well as a practical problem, as it hinders both convincing justifications for this claim and the practical application of required protections. In this paper, I review consent-based, harm-based, and comprehensive definitions of vulnerability in healthcare and research with human subjects. Although current definitions are subject to critique, their underlying assumptions may (...)
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  13.  27
    Identifying a Human Rights Approach to Roma Health Vulnerabilities and Inequalities in Europe: From Concept to Action.Elisavet Athanasia Alexiadou - 2023 - Human Rights Review 24 (3):413-431.
    Roma communities across Europe still remain a neglected population group by way of the social and economic disadvantage that largely characterizes their lives. Roma communities continue to experience structural socioeconomic health inequalities on the grounds of their ethnic origin, alarmingly unveiling a pattern of systematic discrimination and ethnic marginalization. Without any doubt, such a highly worrying situation calls for States to incorporate Roma health rights within their law and policy agendas in a manner consistent with right to health requirements. Against (...)
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  14. Vulnerability in Research Ethics: a Way Forward.Margaret Meek Lange, Wendy Rogers & Susan Dodds - 2013 - Bioethics 27 (6):333-340.
    Several foundational documents of bioethics mention the special obligation researchers have to vulnerable research participants. However, the treatment of vulnerability offered by these documents often relies on enumeration of vulnerable groups rather than an analysis of the features that make such groups vulnerable. Recent attempts in the scholarly literature to lend philosophical weight to the concept of vulnerability are offered by Luna and Hurst. Luna suggests that vulnerability is irreducibly contextual and that Institutional Review Boards (Research Ethics Committees) can only (...)
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  15.  26
    Correction to: Exacerbating Pre‑Existing Vulnerabilities: an Analysis of the Effects of the COVID‑19 Pandemic on Human Trafficking in Sudan.Audrey Lumley‑Sapanski, Katarina Schwarz, Ana Valverde Cano, Mohammed Abdelsalam Babiker, Maddy Crowther, Emily Death, Keith Ditcham, Abdal Rahman Eltayeb, Michael Emile Knyaston Jones, Sonja Miley & Maria Peiro Mir - 2023 - Human Rights Review 24 (3):363-363.
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  16.  12
    Correction to: Toward Sociotechnical AI: Mapping Vulnerabilities for Machine Learning in Context.Roel Dobbe & Anouk Wolters - 2024 - Minds and Machines 34 (3):1-2.
  17. Inside the Spanish zoological park industry : worker insights on human-animal relationships and shared vulnerabilities.Olatz Aranceta-Reboredo & Júlia Castellano - 2025 - In Gwen Hunnicutt, Richard Twine & Kenneth W. Mentor (eds.), Violence and harm in the animal industrial complex: human-animal entanglements. New York: Routledge.
     
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  18.  30
    From vulnerable subjects to research partners: a critical policy analysis of biomedical research ethics guidelines and regulations.Maria Cristina Murano - 2024 - Research Ethics 20 (3):539-558.
    Over the last three quarters of a century, international guidelines and regulations have undergone significant changes in how children are problematised as participants in biomedical research. While early guidelines enacted children as vulnerable subjects with diminished autonomy and in need of special protection, beginning in the early 2000s, international regulatory frameworks defined the paediatric population as vulnerable due to unaddressed public health needs. More recently, ethical recommendations have promoted the active engagement of minors as research partners. In this paper, I (...)
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  19.  39
    Emotion regulation characteristics and cognitive vulnerabilities interact to predict depressive symptoms in individuals at risk for bipolar disorder: A prospective behavioural high-risk study.Jonathan P. Stange, Angelo S. Boccia, Benjamin G. Shapero, Ashleigh R. Molz, Megan Flynn, Lindsey M. Matt, Lyn Y. Abramson & Lauren B. Alloy - 2013 - Cognition and Emotion 27 (1):63-84.
  20.  10
    Review of Deborah Achtenberg's "Essential Vulnerabilities: Plato and Levinas on Relations to the Other". [REVIEW]James Greenaway - 2018 - Review of Metaphysics 71 (4):789-791.
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  21.  92
    Legal and human rights issues of AI: Gaps, challenges and vulnerabilities.Rowena Rodrigues - 2020 - Journal of Responsible Technology 4 (C):100005.
  22.  91
    Vulnerability: What kind of principle is it?Michael H. Kottow - 2005 - Medicine, Health Care and Philosophy 7 (3):281-287.
    The so-called European principles of bioethicsare a welcome enrichment of principlistbioethics. Nevertheless, vulnerability, dignityand integrity can perhaps be moreaccurately understood as anthropologicaldescriptions of the human condition. Theymay inspire a normative language, but they donot contain it primarily lest a naturalisticfallacy be committed. These anthropologicalfeatures strongly suggest the need todevelop deontic arguments in support of theprotection such essential attributes ofhumanity require. Protection is to beuniversalized, since all human beings sharevulnerability, integrity and dignity, thusfundamenting a mandate requiring justice andrespect for fundamental human (...)
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  23.  23
    Male Fertility-Related mHealth: Does It Create New Vulnerabilities?Michiel De Proost - 2023 - International Journal of Feminist Approaches to Bioethics 16 (2):199-208.
    Male fertility–related mHealth (MFmHealth), including smartphone applications that allow men to test their fertility at home, is getting some attention now and then. In this commentary, I argue that MFmHealth technology has the potential to undermine established norms around male reproduction but cannot be examined using traditional individualist frameworks in bioethics. Instead, theoretical literature on the concept of vulnerability in feminist bioethics allow a theoretical alliance with critical studies of men and masculinities. Proposed benefits like empowerment, shared responsibility, and democratization (...)
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  24. Non/Living Queerings, Undoing Certainties, and Braiding Vulnerabilities: A Collective Reflection.Marietta Radomska, Mayra Citlalli Rojo Gomez, Margherita Pevere & Terike Haapoja - 2021 - Artnodes 27:1-10.
    The ongoing global pandemic of Covid-19 has exposed SARS-CoV-2 as a potent non-human actant that resists the joint scientific, public health and socio-political efforts to contain and understand both the virus and the illness. Yet, such a narrative appears to conceal more than it reveals. The seeming agentiality of the novel coronavirus is itself but one manifestation of the continuous destruction of biodiversity, climate change, socio-economic inequalities, neocolonialism, overconsumption and the anthropogenic degradation of nature. Furthermore, focusing on the virus – (...)
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  25.  16
    Conceptual considerations for studying churches’ engagement with urban fractures and vulnerabilities.George J. Van Wyngaard - 2017 - HTS Theological Studies 73 (3).
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  26.  19
    Vulnerability and Incarceration: Evaluating Protections for Prisoners in Research.Elizabeth Victor - 2019 - New York City: Lexington Books.
    While many books on ethics contain a chapter discussing prisoners’ rights and the ethical dimensions of research involving incarcerated persons, Vulnerability and Incarceration is the first monograph devoted to the subject. Victor interrogates the concept of vulnerability to examine prisoners’ right to medical research from a novel point of view.
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  27.  40
    Vulnerability in practice: Peeling back the layers, avoiding triggers, and preventing cascading effects.Elizabeth Victor, Florencia Luna, Laura Guidry-Grimes & Alison Reiheld - 2022 - Bioethics 36 (5):587-596.
    The concept of vulnerability is widely used in bioethics, particularly in research ethics and public health ethics. The traditional approach construes vulnerability as inherent in individuals or the groups to which they belong and views vulnerability as requiring special protections. Florencia Luna and other bioethicists continue to challenge traditional ways of conceptualizing and applying the term. Luna began proposing a layered approach to this concept and recently extended this proposal to offer two new concepts to analyze the concept of vulnerability, (...)
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  28.  62
    Editorial: Overeating and Decision Making Vulnerabilities.Qinghua He, Xiao Gao, Yonghui Li & Hong Chen - 2019 - Frontiers in Psychology 10.
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  29.  59
    Animal Vulnerability and its Ethical Implications: An Exploration.Angela K. Martin - 2019 - Journal of Applied Philosophy 38 (2):196-216.
    While human vulnerability has been discussed for some time in the contemporary philosophy and bioethics literature, animal vulnerability has received less attention. In this article, I investigate whether the concept of vulnerability, as it is currently used in bioethics, can be meaningfully extended to animals. Furthermore, I discuss the ethical implications of ascribing vulnerability to animals and I show what vulnerability discourse can add to debates on animal ethics. In a first step, I analyse the conditions of vulnerability ascription. By (...)
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  30.  66
    The Vulnerable and the Susceptible.Michael H. Kottow - 2003 - Bioethics 17 (5-6):460-471.
    Human beings are essentially vulnerable in the view that their existence qua humans is not given but construed. This vulnerability receives basic protection from the State, expressed in the form of the universal rights all citizens are meant to enjoy. In addition, many individuals fall prey to destitution and deprivation, requiring social action aimed at recognising the specific harms they suffer and providing remedial assistance to palliate or remove their plights.Citizens receive protection against their biologic vulnerability by means of an (...)
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  31.  91
    Vulnerable populations in research: The case of the seriously ill.Philip J. Nickel - 2006 - Theoretical Medicine and Bioethics 27 (3):245-264.
    This paper advances a new criterion of a vulnerable population in research. According to this criterion, there are consent-based and fairness-based reasons for calling a group vulnerable. The criterion is then applied to the case of people with serious illnesses. It is argued that people with serious illnesses meet this criterion for reasons related to consent. Seriously ill people have a susceptibility to “enticing offers” that hold out the prospect of removing or alleviating illness, and this susceptibility reduces their ability (...)
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  32.  81
    Vulnerability in Resistance.Judith Butler, Zeynep Gambetti & Leticia Sabsay (eds.) - 2016 - Durham: Duke University Press.
    Vulnerability and resistance have often been seen as opposites, with the assumption that vulnerability requires protection and the strengthening of paternalistic power at the expense of collective resistance. Focusing on political movements and cultural practices in different global locations, including Turkey, Palestine, France, and the former Yugoslavia, the contributors to Vulnerability in Resistance articulate an understanding of the role of vulnerability in practices of resistance. They consider how vulnerability is constructed, invoked, and mobilized within neoliberal discourse, the politics of war, (...)
  33.  15
    Vulnerability, Autonomy, and the Living Organ Donor.Christy Simpson - 2023 - Hastings Center Report 53 (1):46-47.
    The Living Organ Donor as Patient: Theory and Practice, by Lainie Friedman Ross and J. Richard Thistlethwaite, Jr. (Oxford University Press, 2021), offers a stimulating opportunity to consider the ethics of living solid organ donation in more depth. Ross and Thistlethwaite detail a framework of five principles—respect for persons, beneficence, justice, vulnerability, and responsibility—that positions prospective living donors as patients. The authors engage readers by applying these principles across a series of examples, issues, and possibilities, the “practice.” Readers may wish (...)
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  34.  82
    Vulnerable voices: An examination of the concept of vulnerability in relation to student voice.Denise Claire Batchelor - 2006 - Educational Philosophy and Theory 38 (6):787–800.
    Vulnerable student voices are a matter for concern in contemporary higher education, but that concern is directed more towards identifying vulnerable groups, and seeking to widen their participation in higher education. It is less to do with the vulnerability of certain modes of voice when students are there. The concept of student voice may be anatomised into three constituent elements: an epistemological voice, or a voice for knowing, a practical voice, or a voice for doing, and an ontological voice, or (...)
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  35. Vulnerability: Too Vague and Too Broad?Doris Schroeder & Eugenijus Gefenas - 2009 - Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 18 (2):113.
    Imagine you are walking down a city street. It is windy and raining. Amidst the bustle you see a young woman. She sits under a railway bridge, hardly protected from the rain and holds a woolen hat containing a small number of coins. You can see that she trembles from the cold. Or imagine seeing an old woman walking in the street at dusk, clutching her bag with one hand and a walking stick with the other. A group of male (...)
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  36.  62
    Vulnerability in palliative care research: findings from a qualitative study of black Caribbean and white British patients with advanced cancer.J. Koffman, M. Morgan, P. Edmonds, P. Speck & I. J. Higginson - 2009 - Journal of Medical Ethics 35 (7):440-444.
    Introduction: Vulnerability is a poorly understood concept in research ethics, often aligned to autonomy and consent. A recent addition to the literature represents a taxonomy of vulnerability developed by Kipnis, but this refers to the conduct of clinical trials rather than qualitative research, which may raise different issues. Aim: To examine issues of vulnerability in cancer and palliative care research obtained through qualitative interviews. Method: Secondary analysis of qualitative data from 26 black Caribbean and 19 white British patients with advanced (...)
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  37.  81
    Vulnerable Subjects? The Case of Nonhuman Animals in Experimentation.Jane Johnson - 2013 - Journal of Bioethical Inquiry 10 (4):497-504.
    The concept of vulnerability is deployed in bioethics to, amongst other things, identify and remedy harms to participants in research, yet although nonhuman animals in experimentation seem intuitively to be vulnerable, this concept and its attendant protections are rarely applied to research animals. I want to argue, however, that this concept is applicable to nonhuman animals and that a new taxonomy of vulnerability developed in the context of human bioethics can be applied to research animals. This taxonomy does useful explanatory (...)
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  38.  34
    Compounding Vulnerability: Pregnancy and Schizophrenia.Denise M. Dudzinski - 2006 - American Journal of Bioethics 6 (2):W1-W14.
    The predominant ethical framework for addressing reproductive decisions in the maternal–fetal relationship is respect for the woman's autonomy. However, when a pregnant schizophrenic woman lacks such autonomy, healthcare providers try to both protect her and respect her preferences. By delineating etic (objective) and emic (subjective) perspectives on vulnerability, I argue that options which balance both perspectives are preferable and that acting on etic perspectives to the exclusion of emic considerations is rarely justified. In negotiating perspectives, we balance the etic commitment (...)
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  39.  40
    The Vulnerability of Immigrants in Research: Enhancing Protocol Development and Ethics Review.Robert H. McLaughlin & Theresa Alfaro-Velcamp - 2015 - Journal of Academic Ethics 13 (1):27-43.
    Vulnerabilities often characterize the availability of immigrant populations of interest in social behavioral science, public health, and medical research. Refugees, asylum seekers, and undocumented immigrants present unique vulnerabilities relevant to protocol development as well as ethics review procedures and criteria. This paper describes vulnerable populations in relation to the Belmont Report and US federal regulations for the protection of human subjects, both of which are commonly used in international research contexts. It argues for safeguards for immigrants comparable to (...)
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  40.  62
    Vulnerability as a Regulatory Category in Human Subject Research.Carl H. Coleman - 2009 - Journal of Law, Medicine and Ethics 37 (1):12-18.
    The concept of vulnerability has long played a central role in discussions of research ethics. In addition to its rhetorical use, vulnerability has become a term of art in U.S. and international research regulations and guidelines, many of which contain specific provisions applicable to research with vulnerable subjects. Yet, despite the frequency with which the term vulnerability is used, little consensus exists on what it actually means in the context of human subject protection or, more importantly, on how a finding (...)
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  41. Vulnerability, Ignorance, and Oppression.Erinn Gilson - 2011 - Hypatia 26 (2):308-332.
    This paper aims to understand the relationship between ignorance and vulnerability by drawing on recent work on the epistemology of ignorance. After elaborating how we might understand the importance of human vulnerability, I develop the claim that ignorance of vulnerability is produced through the pursuit of an ideal of invulnerability that involves both ethical and epistemological closure. The ignorance of vulnerability that is a prerequisite for such invulnerability is, I contend, a pervasive form of ignorance that underlies and grounds other (...)
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  42.  26
    Vulnerable Populations and Individual Social Responsibility in Prosocial Crowdfunding: Does the Framing Matter for Female and Rural Entrepreneurs?Maria Figueroa-Armijos & John P. Berns - 2022 - Journal of Business Ethics 177 (2):377-394.
    Prosocial crowdfunding was originally conceived as a financial mechanism to assist vulnerable unbanked populations, typically excluded from formal financial markets. It subsequently grew into a billion-dollar scheme (Kiva 2020a, https://www.kiva.org/blog/1-billion-in-life-changing-loans ) in the multi-billion-dollar crowdfunding industry. However, recent evidence claims prosocial crowdfunding may be shifting away from its goal to support the poor and underserved. Drawing on a composite social responsibility and framing theory framework, we examine the role that vulnerability plays in successfully raising funds in a prosocial crowdfunding context. (...)
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  43.  53
    Vulnerability under the gaze of robots: relations among humans and robots.Nicola Liberati & Shoji Nagataki - 2019 - AI and Society 34 (2):333-342.
    The problem of artificial intelligence and human being has always raised questions about possible interactions among them and possible effects yielded by the introduction of such un-human subject. Dreyfus deeply connects intelligence and body based on a phenomenological viewpoint. Thanks to his reading of Merleau-Ponty, he clearly stated that an intelligence must be embodied into a body to function. According to his suggestion, any AI designed to be human-like is doom to failure if there is no tight bound with a (...)
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  44. Autonomy, Vulnerability, Recognition, and Justice.Joel Anderson & Axel Honneth - 2005 - In John Philip Christman & Joel Anderson (eds.), Autonomy and the Challenges to Liberalism: New Essays. New York: Cambridge University Press. pp. 127-149.
    One of liberalism’s core commitments is to safeguarding individuals’ autonomy. And a central aspect of liberal social justice is the commitment to protecting the vulnerable. Taken together, and combined with an understanding of autonomy as an acquired set of capacities to lead one’s own life, these commitments suggest that liberal societies should be especially concerned to address vulnerabilities of individuals regarding the development and maintenance of their autonomy. In this chapter, we develop an account of what it would mean (...)
     
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  45.  17
    The Vulnerability of Integrity in Early Confucian Thought.Michael David Kaulana Ing - 2017 - New York, NY: Oup Usa.
    This book is about the necessity, and even value, of vulnerability in human experience. In it, Michael Ing brings early Chinese texts into dialogue with questions about the ways in which meaningful things are vulnerable to powers beyond our control; and more specifically, how relationships with meaningful others might compel tragic actions.
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  46.  15
    Redefining Vulnerability: A New Social “Philosophy” of European Union During COVID–19 Pandemic.Georgeta Ghebrea - 2022 - European Journal of Theology and Philosophy 2 (5):1-7.
    Social policy is based, since its inception, on a certain “philosophy” regarding the desirable social model, encompassing religious, political and social values, as well as appropriate objectives and tools for protecting vulnerable target groups. This philosophy differs both geographically and historically. Thus, European social policies have a specific axiological foundation comparing to social models developed on other continents. Even if relatively stable, this foundation is continuously redefined and, therefore, the European social model is an evolving concept. Our paper analyses how (...)
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  47.  41
    The Vulnerability of Integrity in Early Confucian Thought, by Michael D. K. Ing.Julianne N. Chung - 2020 - Mind 129 (513):299-307.
    The Vulnerability of Integrity in Early Confucian Thought, by IngMichael D. K.. New York: Oxford University Press, 2017. Pp. x + 293.
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  48.  68
    Research vulnerability: An illustrative case study from the south african mining industry.Lyn Horn - 2007 - Developing World Bioethics 7 (3):119–127.
    ABSTRACTThe concept of ‘vulnerability’ is well established within the realm of research ethics and most ethical guidelines include a section on ‘vulnerable populations’. However, the term ‘vulnerability’, used within a human research context, has received a lot of negative publicity recently and has been described as being simultaneously ‘too broad’ and ‘too narrow’.1 The aim of the paper is to explore the concept of research vulnerability by using a detailed case study – that of mineworkers in post‐apartheid South Africa. In (...)
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  49.  17
    The Vulnerability of the Body.Eva de Clercq - 2011 - Bijdragen 72 (2):183-200.
    ‘Religion and corporeality’. At first sight, the coordinating conjunction «and» sounds rather odd here because in the vision of many people spirituality and materiality necessarily exclude each other. Still, many scholars have offered abundant evidence that Christianity is a religion of embodiment. Yet, as will become clear from the works of the theologians Erik Peterson and André Guindon, the turn toward the body within Christianity is primarily a turn toward a clothed body. This may explain why the Italian philosopher Giorgio (...)
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  50. Bioethics, vulnerability, and protection.Ruth Macklin - 2003 - Bioethics 17 (5-6):472--486.
    What makes individuals, groups, or even entire countries vulnerable? And why is vulnerability a concern in bioethics? A simple answer to both questions is that vulnerable individuals and groups are subject to exploitation, and exploitation is morally wrong. This analysis is limited to two areas. First is the context of multinational research, in which vulnerable people can be exploited even if they are not harmed, and harmed even if they are not exploited. Second is the situation of women, who are (...)
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