Results for 'Analgesic'

81 found
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  1.  18
    The analgesic potency of acetaminophen, aspirin, and ibuprofen in 2- and 15-month-old rats.Joseph J. Koman & Robert J. Hamm - 1986 - Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society 24 (2):166-168.
  2.  29
    Ethics of Amnestics and Analgesics: The Role of Memory in Mediating Pain and Harm.Marina Salis & Connor Brenna - 2022 - Canadian Journal of Bioethics / Revue canadienne de bioéthique 5 (4):60-67.
    Analgesia and amnesia represent two complimentary pillars of anesthesia directed, respectively, at mitigating the experience of pain and the processes of encoding that experience into memory. These elements are typically combined in modern anesthetic techniques, but some circumstances exist – such as conscious sedation – in which the conditions of amnesia are satisfied while analgesia plays an auxiliary and often incomplete role. These activities reflect a widely held yet underrecognized belief in clinical practice that although pain experiences may be short-lived, (...)
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  3.  27
    Analgesic nephropathy, Balkan endemic nephropathy and Chinese herbs nephropathy: separate tubulointerstitial kidney diseases associated with urothelial malignancy.Vladisav Stefanović - 2002 - Facta Universitatis, Series: Linguistics and Literature 9:1-6.
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  4.  38
    The use of narcotic analgesics in terminal illness.Robert G. Twycross - 1975 - Journal of Medical Ethics 1 (1):10-17.
    To answer some of the questions surrounding the medicinal use of narcotic analgesics in advanced cancer, a group of 500 patients admitted to St Christopher's Hospice was reviewed. To achieve and maintain pain relief many of the patients received diamorphine (heroin) regularly every four hours. Almost all the patients received a phenothiazine concurrently; other drugs were prescribed when indicated. It was concluded that: 1) Although most patients receive parenteral diamorphine during the last 12 to 24 hours, the majority can be (...)
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  5. Managing intentions: The end-of-life administration of analgesics and sedatives, and the possibility of slow euthanasia.Charles Douglas, Ian Kerridge & Rachel Ankeny - 2008 - Bioethics 22 (7):388-396.
    There has been much debate regarding the 'double-effect' of sedatives and analgesics administered at the end-of-life, and the possibility that health professionals using these drugs are performing 'slow euthanasia.' On the one hand analgesics and sedatives can do much to relieve suffering in the terminally ill. On the other hand, they can hasten death. According to a standard view, the administration of analgesics and sedatives amounts to euthanasia when the drugs are given with an intention to hasten death. In this (...)
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  6.  40
    A Social Analgesic? Acetaminophen Reduces Positive Empathy.Dominik Mischkowski, Jennifer Crocker & Baldwin M. Way - 2019 - Frontiers in Psychology 10.
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  7.  18
    Triggering of the endorphin analgesic reaction by a cue previously associated with shock: Reversal by naloxone.Michael S. Fanselow & Robert C. Bolles - 1979 - Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society 14 (2):88-90.
  8.  37
    An Effective Intervention: Limiting Opioid Prescribing as a Means of Reducing Opioid Analgesic Misuse, and Overdose Deaths.Brandi C. Fink, Olivier Uyttebrouck & Richard S. Larson - 2020 - Journal of Law, Medicine and Ethics 48 (2):249-258.
    Overdose deaths involving prescription opioids killed more than 17,000 Americans in 2017, marking a five-fold increase since 1999. High prescribing rates of opioid analgesics have been a substantial contributor to prescription opioid misuse, dependence, overdose and heroin use. There was recognition approximately ten years ago that opioid prescribing patterns were contributing to this startling increase in negative opioid-related outcomes, and federal actions, including Medicare reimbursement reform and regulatory actions, were initiated to restrict opioid prescribing. The current manuscript is a description (...)
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  9.  19
    Naproxen versus aspirin as analgesics in advanced malignant disease.Richard Turnbull & L. J. Hills - forthcoming - Journal of Palliative Care.
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  10.  56
    Effects of two educational programmes aimed at improving the utilization of non‐opioid analgesics in family medicine clinics in Mexico.Dolores Mino-León, Hortensia Reyes-Morales, Sergio Flores-Hernandez, Laura del Pilar Torres-Arreola & Ricardo Pérez-Cuevas - 2010 - Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice 16 (4):716-723.
    Objectives To develop and test two educational programmes (interactive and passive) aimed at improving family doctors' (FD) prescribing practices and patient's knowledge and use of non-opioid analgesics (NOA).Methods The educational programmes were conducted in two family medicine clinics by using a three-stage approach: baseline evaluation, design, and implementation of educational activities, and post-programme evaluation. An interactive educational programme (IEP) was compared with a passive educational programme (PEP); both were participated by FDs and patients. The IEP for FDs comprised of workshops, (...)
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  11.  29
    Should Newborns Receive Analgesics for Pain?R. D. Truog & P. R. Hickey - 1991 - Journal of Clinical Ethics 2 (2):115-117.
  12.  34
    Opioid properties of psychotropic analgesic nitrous oxide (laughing gas).Mark A. Gillman & Frederick J. Lichtigfeld - 1993 - Perspectives in Biology and Medicine 38 (1):125-138.
  13. The separation of codeine from nonprescription combination analgesic products.C. Hughes - forthcoming - Substance.
     
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  14. The separation of codeine from nonprescription combination analgesic products.J. C. McElnay - forthcoming - Substance.
     
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  15.  57
    Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Combined with Aerobic Exercise to Optimize Analgesic Responses in Fibromyalgia: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial.Mariana E. Mendonca, Marcel Simis, Luanda C. Grecco, Linamara R. Battistella, Abrahão F. Baptista & Felipe Fregni - 2016 - Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 10.
  16.  17
    Upper urothelial carcinomas associated with Balkan endemic nephropathy and their similarities with upper urothelial carcinomas in analgesic nephropathy.Vladimir Petronic & Marina Savin - 2002 - Facta Universitatis, Series: Linguistics and Literature 9:98.
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  17.  20
    Immersive Virtual Reality as an Adjunctive Non-opioid Analgesic for Pre-dominantly Latin American Children With Large Severe Burn Wounds During Burn Wound Cleaning in the Intensive Care Unit: A Pilot Study.Hunter G. Hoffman, Robert A. Rodriguez, Miriam Gonzalez, Mary Bernardy, Raquel Peña, Wanda Beck, David R. Patterson & Walter J. Meyer - 2019 - Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 13.
  18.  18
    Failure to Find a Conditioned Placebo Analgesic Response.Magne A. Flaten, Espen Bjørkedal, Peter S. Lyby, Yngve Figenschau & Per M. Aslaksen - 2018 - Frontiers in Psychology 9.
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  19.  43
    Putative physiological mechanisms underlying tDCS analgesic effects.Helena Knotkova, Michael A. Nitsche & Ricardo A. Cruciani - 2013 - Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 7.
  20. Pain in Pleocyemata, but not in Dendrobranchiata?Gary Comstock - 2022 - Animal Sentience 7.
    Crump et al.’s contribution to assessing whether decapods feel pain raises an important question: Is pain distributed unevenly across the order? The case for pain appears stronger in Pleocyemata than in Dendrobranchiata. Some studies report pain avoidance behaviors in Dendrobranchiata (Penaeidae) shrimp, but further studies are needed to determine whether the chemicals used are acting as analgesics to relieve pain, or as soporifics to reduce overall alertness. If the latter, the most farmed shrimp species may not require the same level (...)
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  21. Hypnotic behavior: A social-psychological interpretation of amnesia, analgesia, and “trance logic”.Nicholas P. Spanos - 1986 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 9 (3):449-467.
    This paper examines research on three hypnotic phenomena: suggested amnesia, suggested analgesia, and “trance logic.” For each case a social-psychological interpretation of hypnotic behavior as a voluntary response strategy is compared with the traditional special-process view that “good” hypnotic subjects have lost conscious control over suggestion-induced behavior. I conclude that it is inaccurate to describe hypnotically amnesic subjects as unable to recall the material they have been instructed to forget. Although amnesics present themselves as unable to remember, they in fact (...)
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  22. Telling the Truth About Pain: Informed Consent and the Role of Expectation in Pain Intensity.Nada Gligorov - 2018 - American Journal of Bioethics Neuroscience 9 (3):173-182.
    Health care providers are expected both to relieve pain and to provide anticipatory guidance regarding how much a procedure is going to hurt. Fulfilling those expectations is complicated by the cognitive modulation of pain perception. Warning people to expect pain or setting expectations for pain relief not only influences their subjective experience, but it also alters how nociceptive stimuli are processed throughout the sensory and discriminative pathways in the brain. In light of this, I reconsider the characterization of placebo analgesia (...)
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  23.  41
    Ethical conflicts and their characteristics among critical care nurses.Teresa Lluch-Canut, Carlos Sequeira, Anna Falcó-Pegueroles, José António Pinho, Albina Rodrigues-Ferreira, Joan Guàrdia Olmos & Juan Roldan-Merino - 2020 - Nursing Ethics 27 (2):537-553.
    Introduction: Ethical conflict is a phenomenon that has been under study over the last three decades, especially the types moral dilemma and moral distress in the field of nursing care. However, ethical problems and their idiosyncrasies need to be further explored. Aim: The objectives of this study were, first, to obtain a transcultural Portuguese-language adaptation and validation of the Ethical Conflict Nursing Questionnaire–Critical Care Version and, second, to analyse Portuguese critical care nurses’ level of exposure to ethical conflict and its (...)
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  24.  75
    Challenges in the Federal Regulation of Pain Management Technologies.Lars Noah - 2003 - Journal of Law, Medicine and Ethics 31 (1):55-74.
    Those who write about pain management have focused almost entirely on delivery issues, paying essentially no attention to the federal regulatory challenges that affect the development of pain relief technologies — namely, pharmaceuticals and medical devices indicated for analgesic uses. The academic literature is strangely devoid of any sophisticated discussion of the difficulties that attend, first, the product approval decisions of the Food and Drug Administration and, second, the scheduling decisions made by the Drug Enforcement Administration. If a “bottleneck” (...)
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  25.  28
    Sleep and its Association With Pain and Depression in Nursing Home Patients With Advanced Dementia – a Cross-Sectional Study.Kjersti Marie Blytt, Elisabeth Flo-Groeneboom, Ane Erdal, Bjørn Bjorvatn & Bettina S. Husebo - 2021 - Frontiers in Psychology 12.
    Objective: Previous research suggests a positive association between pain, depression and sleep. In this study, we investigate how sleep correlates with varying levels of pain and depression in nursing home patients with dementia.Materials and methods: Cross-sectional study with sleep-related data, derived from two multicenter studies conducted in Norway. We included NH patients with dementia according to the Mini-Mental State Examination from the COSMOS trial and the DEP.PAIN.DEM trial whose sleep was objectively measured with actigraphy. In the COSMOS trial, NH patients (...)
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  26.  26
    Thinking about change. Hussey - 2002 - Nursing Philosophy 3 (2):104-113.
    Beginning by offering a conceptual analysis of change – a statement of what change of any kind is – the paper sets out to examine possible ways of understanding a very common and important variety of change that may be called ‘evolutionary’. These changes include anything from the production of a clay pot on a potter's wheel to the emergence of a system of management, or from the effects of an analgesic drug to the development of a new programme (...)
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  27.  2
    When a device that later disintegrates is fitted to a patient during surgery, who is responsible for the consequences? What health professionals and hospitals need to know.D. McQuoid-Mason & T. L. Khumalo - forthcoming - South African Journal of Bioethics and Law:e2563.
    Consider the following hypothetical scenario: A patient suffering constant abdominal pain is referred to State Hospital A from her local clinic after not responding to simple analgesics for chronic pelvic pain associated with irregular menstruation. The doctors at State Hospital A discover that she has a suspicion of adenomyosis. She gives written informed consent for a hysterectomy. During routine postoperative check-ups she reports no alleviation of the pelvic pain, urinary frequency along with burning on micturition and a persistent vaginal discharge. (...)
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  28.  35
    Drugs versus diets: Disillusions with dutch health care.Wim J. van der Steen & Vincent K. Y. Ho - 2001 - Acta Biotheoretica 49 (2):125-140.
    Biology incorporated into other disciplines is often distorted, alarmingly so in some areas of medicine. Together with other forms of bias, this may have detrimental effects for patients depending on medical research for their health. A case study concerning omeprazole (Losec), one of the acid-suppressive drugs against gastric ulcers, and NSAIDs, non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs, confirms that distorted biology together with biased health care policies foster disasters in current biomedicine and medical practice. In our country, The Netherlands, omeprazole is presumably the (...)
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  29.  44
    Questionable content of an industry-supported medical school lecture series: a case study.Navindra Persaud - 2014 - Journal of Medical Ethics 40 (6):414-418.
    Background Medical schools are grappling with how best to manage industry involvement in medical education.Objective To describe a case study of industry-supported undergraduate medical education related to opioid analgesics.Method Institutional case study.Results As part of their regular curriculum, Canadian medical students attended pain pharmacotherapy lectures that contained questionable content about the use of opioids for pain management. The lectures were supported by pharmaceutical companies that market opioid analgesics in Canada and the guest lecturer was a member of speakers bureaus of (...)
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  30. “Reinventing” the rule of double effect.Daniel P. Sulmasy - 2007 - In Bonnie Steinbock, The Oxford handbook of bioethics. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 114--49.
    The Rule of Double Effect has played an important role in bioethics, especially during the last fifty years. Its major application in bioethics has been in providing physicians who are opposed to euthanasia with a moral justification for using opioid analgesics in treating the pain of patients whose death might thereby be hastened. It has also prominently been applied to certain obstetric cases. The scope of application of double effect is actually much broader than medical ethics, extending to cover such (...)
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  31.  16
    The Bioethics of Pain Management: Beyond Opioids.Daniel S. Goldberg (ed.) - 2014 - New York: Routledge.
    In this book, public health ethicist Daniel S. Goldberg sets out to characterize the subjective experience of pain and its undertreatment within the US medical establishment, and puts forward public policy recommendations for ameliorating the undertreatment of pain. The book begins from the position that the overwhelming focus on opioid analgesics as a means for improving the undertreatment of pain is flawed, and argues instead that dominant Western models of biomedicine and objectivity delegitimize subjective knowledge of the body and pain (...)
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  32.  65
    Maximizing the Value of Electronic Prescription Monitoring Programs.David B. Brushwood - 2003 - Journal of Law, Medicine and Ethics 31 (1):41-54.
    There is general agreement that the “principle of balance” should guide controlled substance policy and regulation in the United States. Although the diversion of controlled substances from medical to nonmedical purposes is a significant public health problem, overly aggressive controlled substance regulation has been shown to have an unintended deterrent effect on appropriate controlled substance use, including pain management with opioid analgesics. The promotion of effective pain management and the reduction of substance abuse are equally important regulatory objectives. Neither regulatory (...)
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  33. Consensus guidelines on analgesia and sedation in dying intensive care unit patients.Laura A. Hawryluck, William R. C. Harvey, Louise Lemieux-Charles & Peter A. Singer - 2002 - BMC Medical Ethics 3 (1):1-9.
    Background Intensivists must provide enough analgesia and sedation to ensure dying patients receive good palliative care. However, if it is perceived that too much is given, they risk prosecution for committing euthanasia. The goal of this study is to develop consensus guidelines on analgesia and sedation in dying intensive care unit patients that help distinguish palliative care from euthanasia. Methods Using the Delphi technique, panelists rated levels of agreement with statements describing how analgesics and sedatives should be given to dying (...)
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  34.  46
    Ethical conflict in critical care nursing.Anna Falcó-Pegueroles, Teresa Lluch-Canut, Juan Roldan-Merino, Josefina Goberna-Tricas & Joan Guàrdia-Olmos - 2015 - Nursing Ethics 22 (5):594-607.
    Background: Ethical conflicts in nursing have generally been studied in terms of temporal frequency and the degree of conflict. This study presents a new perspective for examining ethical conflict in terms of the degree of exposure to conflict and its typology. Objectives: The aim was to examine the level of exposure to ethical conflict for professional nurses in critical care units and to analyze the relation between this level and the types of ethical conflict and moral states. Research design: This (...)
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  35. Narratives of 'terminal sedation', and the importance of the intention-foresight distinction in palliative care practice.Charles D. Douglas, Ian H. Kerridge & Rachel A. Ankeny - 2011 - Bioethics 27 (1):1-11.
    The moral importance of the ‘intention–foresight’ distinction has long been a matter of philosophical controversy, particularly in the context of end-of-life care. Previous empirical research in Australia has suggested that general physicians and surgeons may use analgesic or sedative infusions with ambiguous intentions, their actions sometimes approximating ‘slow euthanasia’. In this paper, we report findings from a qualitative study of 18 Australian palliative care medical specialists, using in-depth interviews to address the use of sedation at the end of life. (...)
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  36.  76
    Opioids for chronic pain of non-malignant origin—Caring or crippling.Robert G. Large & Stephan A. Schug - 1995 - Health Care Analysis 3 (1):5-11.
    Pain management has improved in the past few decades. Opioid analgesics have become the mainstay in the treatment of cancer pain whilst inter-disciplinary pain management programmes are the generally accepted approach to chronic pain of non-malignant origin. Recently some pain specialists have advocated the use of opioids in the long-term management of non-cancer pain. This has raised some fundamental questions about the purpose of pain management. Is it best to opt for maximum pain relief and comfort, or should one emphasise (...)
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  37.  75
    In Search of a New Ethic for Treating Patients with Chronic Pain: What Can Medical Boards Do?Ann M. Martino - 1998 - Journal of Law, Medicine and Ethics 26 (4):332-349.
    A decade ago, conventional wisdom in the medical establishment was that physicians treating chronic pain with opioid analgesics were at a substantial risk of being sanctioned for overprescribing by state medical regulatory boards. Dozens of articles written since have alluded to this risk as an obstacle to effective pain re1ief. In the early 1990s, a number of high profile cases in which physicians were disciplined by regulatory boards for overprescribing to patients with chronic pain were reported in the press. Although (...)
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  38.  46
    Can women in labor give informed consent to epidural analgesia?Kyoko Wada, Louis C. Charland & Geoff Bellingham - 2018 - Bioethics 33 (4):475-486.
    There are reasons to believe that decision‐making capacity (mental competence) of women in labor may be compromised in relation to giving informed consent to epidural analgesia. Not only severe labor pain, but also stress, anxiety, and premedication of analgesics such as opioids, may influence women’s decisional capacity. Decision‐making capacity is a complex construct involving cognitive and emotional components which cannot be reduced to ‘understanding’ alone. A systematic literature search identified a total of 20 empirical studies focused on women’s decision‐making about (...)
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  39. Savages, Drunks, and Lab Animals: The Researcher's Perception of Pain.Mary T. Phillips - 1993 - Society and Animals 1 (1):61-81.
    Historically, treatment for pain relief has varied according to the social status of the sufferer. A similar tendency to make arbitrary distinctions affecting pain relief was found in an ethnographic study of animal research laboratories. The administration of pain-relieving drugs for animals in laboratories differed from standard practice for humans and, perhaps, for companion animals. Although anesthesia was used routinely for surgical procedures, its administration was sometimes haphazard. Analgesics, however, were rarely used. Most researchers had never thought about using analgesics (...)
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  40.  33
    A Novel Fuzzy Algorithm to Introduce New Variables in the Drug Supply Decision-Making Process in Medicine.Jose M. Gonzalez-Cava, José Antonio Reboso, José Luis Casteleiro-Roca, José Luis Calvo-Rolle & Juan Albino Méndez Pérez - 2018 - Complexity 2018:1-15.
    One of the main challenges in medicine is to guarantee an appropriate drug supply according to the real needs of patients. Closed-loop strategies have been widely used to develop automatic solutions based on feedback variables. However, when the variable of interest cannot be directly measured or there is a lack of knowledge behind the process, it turns into a difficult issue to solve. In this research, a novel algorithm to approach this problem is presented. The main objective of this study (...)
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  41.  24
    Causes that induce self-medication in first and fifth year students of the USFX School of Medicine.Leydi Lazcano, Elvia Parra, Luis Umeres & Alejandra Valverde - forthcoming - Revista de Filosofía y Cotidianidad.
    Introduction: We live in a society that encourages self-medication and one reason is the availability of drugs that do not require a prescription and are easily accessible, the abuse of these have important implications for the health of the general population; being the most commonly used drugs: analgesics, antibiotics, antihistamines and others. Objective: Determine the causes that induce self-medication in freshmen and fifth year of the Faculty of Medicine of the Universidad Mayor, Real y Pontificia de San Francisco Xavier de (...)
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  42. Neural Mechanisms of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for Chronic Pain: A Network-Based fMRI Approach.Semra A. Aytur, Kimberly L. Ray, Sarah K. Meier, Jenna Campbell, Barry Gendron, Noah Waller & Donald A. Robin - 2021 - Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 15.
    Over 100 million Americans suffer from chronic pain, which causes more disability than any other medical condition in the United States at a cost of $560–$635 billion per year. Opioid analgesics are frequently used to treat CP. However, long term use of opioids can cause brain changes such as opioid-induced hyperalgesia that, over time, increase pain sensation. Also, opioids fail to treat complex psychological factors that worsen pain-related disability, including beliefs about and emotional responses to pain. Cognitive behavioral therapy can (...)
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  43. Effect of beverages on the disintegration time of drugs in the tablet dosage form.Fathi M. Sherif - 2024 - Mediterranean Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences 4 (2):69-74.
    Disintegration is the most important step for drug bioavailability because after, the disintegration process, the ingredients of solid dosage forms dissolve and become bioavailable. Generally, the tablets and capsules should be taken with a glass of water otherwise the manufacturer gives instructions to use the proper beverage. Several drugs are taken with different forms of beverages to ensure easy swallowing of the tablet, masking the bad taste of the drug and overcoming the drug aftertaste, these beverages can influence the disintegration (...)
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  44.  19
    Pain in Pig Production: Text Mining Analysis of the Scientific Literature.Barbara Contiero, Giulio Cozzi, Lee Karpf & Flaviana Gottardo - 2019 - Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics 32 (3):401-412.
    Public’s concern about poor animal welfare provided by intensive farming systems has increased over the last decades. This study reviewed the interest of the scientific research on the pain issue in pig production to assess if the societal instances may be a driving force for the research activity. A literature search protocol was set up to identify the peer-reviewed papers published between 1970 and 2017 that covered the topic of ‘pain in pigs’ using Scopus®, database of Elsevier©. One hundred and (...)
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  45.  27
    Cognition and Pain: A Review.Tanvi Khera & Valluvan Rangasamy - 2021 - Frontiers in Psychology 12.
    Cognition is defined as the brain’s ability to acquire, process, store, and retrieve information. Pain has been described as an unpleasant sensory or emotional experience, and for experiencing pain consciously, cognitive processing becomes imperative. Moreover, evaluation of pain strongly depends on cognition as it requires learning and recall of previous experiences. There could be a possible close link between neural systems involved in cognition and pain processing, and studies have reported an association between pain and cognitive impairment. In this narrative (...)
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  46.  43
    Novel peripheral mechanisms of opioid analgesia.Christoph Stein & Michael Schäfer - 1997 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 20 (3):465-466.
    dickenson briefly mentions that peripheral opioid receptors somehow become active following inflammation and that the appearance of endogenous opioid peptides at the injury site may be related to immune cell proliferation. Recent findings elucidate the underlying mechanisms in more detail and provide an incentive for the development of a novel generation of analgesics devoid of typical central opioid side effects.
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  47.  24
    On the Relationship Between White Matter Structure and Subjective Pain. Lessons From an Acute Surgical Pain Model.Laura Torrecillas-Martínez, Andrés Catena, Francisco O'Valle, César Solano-Galvis, Miguel Padial-Molina & Pablo Galindo-Moreno - 2020 - Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 14.
    Background: Pain has been associated with structural changes of the brain. However, evidence regarding white matter changes in response to acute pain protocols is still scarce. In the present study, we assess the existence of differences in brain white matter related to pain intensity reported by patients undergoing surgical removal of a mandibular impacted third molar using diffusion tensor imaging analysis.Methods: 30 participants reported their subjective pain using a visual analog scale at three postsurgical stages: under anesthesia, in pain, and (...)
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  48.  18
    Could a robot feel pain?Amanda Sharkey - forthcoming - AI and Society:1-11.
    Questions about robots feeling pain are important because the experience of pain implies sentience and the ability to suffer. Pain is not the same as nociception, a reflex response to an aversive stimulus. The experience of pain in others has to be inferred. Danaher’s (Sci Eng Ethics 26(4):2023–2049, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11948-019-00119-x) ‘ethical behaviourist’ account claims that if a robot behaves in the same way as an animal that is recognised to have moral status, then its moral status should also be assumed. (...)
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  49.  61
    Pain Relief, Prescription Drugs, and Prosecution: A Four-State Survey of Chief Prosecutors.Stephen J. Ziegler & Nicholas P. Lovrich - 2003 - Journal of Law, Medicine and Ethics 31 (1):75-100.
    The experience of having to suffer debilitating pain is far too common in the United States, and many patients continue to be inadequately treated by their doctors. Although many physicians freely admit that their pain management practices may have been somewhat lacking, many more express concern that the prescribing of heightened levels of opioid analgesics may result in closer regulatory scrutiny, criminal investigation, or even criminal prosecution.Although several researchers have examined the regulatory environment and the threat of sanction or harm (...)
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  50. Pharmacological Evaluation of the Libyan Folk Herb Retama Raetam Seeds in Mice.Aisha N. A. Alwasia, Nora M. J. Altawirghi & Fathi M. Sherif - 2018 - International Journal of Academic Health and Medical Research (IJAHMR) 2 (11):1-6.
    Abstract: Retama raetam (RR) is a traditional medicinal plant belongs to fabaceae family which grows in North Africa and East Mediterranean region. Locally, RR is used in several diseases including diabetes mellitus and hypertension. Thus, this study aims to investigate certain behavioral and central effects of methanolic extract of RR seeds in experimental animals (male Albino adult mice of 20 – 35 gm). Three exploratory behavioral models are used in this study, open field, elevated plus maze and light-dark box models, (...)
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