Cet article examine la politique autrichienne en matière de handicap concernant le travail protégé dans le cadre des lois régionales sur le handicap. L’analyse s’appuie sur le modèles paternaliste, libertaire et socio-relationnel, trois modèles théoriques des relations de service social dans le triangle des prestataires de services, des acteurs de l’État et de la personne concernée. À travers ce prisme, une analyse approfondie du contenu des lois, des règlements et des rapports de suivi a été réalisée. Cet article souligne que (...) les perspectives paternalistes et dis/ableist sur les personnes handicapées prédominent dans les lois fédérales sur le handicap, tandis qu’il n’y a qu’une faible présence des services de soutien qui fournissent l’éducation et les compétences pour un travail en désinstitutionalisation ou qui soutiennent les mesures d’emploi sur le marché du travail ouvert. La plupart des services d’aide concernent des emplois à vie avec de l’argent de poche, sans droits à l’emploi, dans des marchés du travail de substitution ségrégués. Les résultats montrent que, bien que la législation contient souvent une rhétorique progressiste promettant une plus grande autodétermination et une meilleure inclusion, il s’agit surtout d’une tentative des politiques d’austérité de masquer l’absence d’un soutien véritablement centré sur la personne pour obtenir un emploi rémunéré sur le marché du travail régulier. Ainsi, le système juridique crée une vulnérabilité inutile, c’est-à-dire pathogène, pour les personnes handicapées. (shrink)

Avoir un emploi est un facteur essentiel pour assurer à une personne un niveau d’indépendance et un sentiment d’estime de soi satisfaisant. Dans notre société où le travail occupe une place centrale, gagner sa vie grâce à un emploi suffisamment rémunéré permet de garantir sa propre existence et de mener une vie indépendante. Outre les bénéfices financiers, avoir un emploi est associé à des bénéfices psychologiques tels qu’un sentiment d’appartenance accru, une diminution de l’anxiété et un bi...

Having an employment is an essential determinant of an individual’s level of independence and sense of self-worth. Earning a living through sufficiently paid work secures one’s own existence in an employment-centred society and enables people to lead independent lives. Aside from the financial benefits, employment is associated with psychological benefits such as an increased sense of belonging, reduced anxiety, and higher mental wellbeing (Jahoda, 1982). On the contrary, being unemployed inc...

1. Version française Ce numéro de la revue Alter est le second consacré aux problématiques liées à l’emploi des personnes en situation de handicap. Le premier numéro a été publié en janvier 2021 (ALTER, 15-1). Ces deux numéros font suite à un appel à contribution diffusé en 2019. Le premier numéro a rassemblé les contributions issues de travaux de recherche s’intéressant aux politiques publiques relatives à l’emploi des personnes en situation de handicap et les travaux rendant compte plus par...

Stereotypical images of Appalachians abound in entertainment media. When CBS proposed transplanting a poor Appalachian family to California for a reality television show titled The Real Beverly Hillbillies, Appalachians and advocacy groups were outraged. This article explores ethical issues raised by stereotypical portrayals of Appalachians and potential harm from those stereotypes as well as the reality from which they emerged. Using the theories of Levinas, Kant, and Aristotle, we then examine the ethics of stereotyping Appalachians and other subcultures in entertainment (...) media. Finally, we propose a decision tree to aid producers of entertainment media in creating ethical portrayals of fictional characters and real people. (shrink)

Depuis quelque temps, les spécialistes de Machiavel ont dédié leur attention, d’une part, au rôle des tumultes et de l’autre, à la présence de la langue de la jurisprudence dans son œuvre. Jusqu’à présent, ces deux lectures de Machiavel ne sont pas rencontrées. Cette contribution entend montrer jusqu’à quel point la langue de la jurisprudence est présente dans l’écriture de Machiavel sur les tumultes, dans ses premiers textes comme, surtout, dans ses Histoires florentines. En partant de l’analyse machiavélienne de la (...) rébellion de la Valdichiana, la première partie de l’article traite de la rébellion comme problème juridique et politique, comme cas spécifique du crime de lèse-majesté, traité par les juristes de droit civil et de droit canon, depuis les commentaires des lois impériales d’Henri VII jusqu’aux consilia rédigés en défense de Laurent de Médicis et de la cité de Florence à l’occasion de la conjuration des Pazzi, ainsi qu’au premier traité dédié aux séditions écrit par le juriste français Nicolas Bohier. Dans un second temps, on prend en considération le discours du Ciompo anonyme des Histoires florentines et on analyse un passage rarement pris en compte par les commentateurs : « Là où beaucoup se trompent, peu sont châtiés ». Dans ce passage, Machiavel utilise un principe juridique, une regula iuris, certes controversée et souvent non acceptée, mais théoriquement admise comme telle. Les considérations finales proposent de possibles parcours pour de futures recherches. (shrink)

Ideological language is widespread in theoretical biology. Evolutionary game theory has been defended as a worldview and a leap of faith, and sexual selection theory has been criticized for what it posits as basic to biological nature. Views such as these encourage the impression of ideological rifts in the field. I advocate an alternative interpretation, whereby many disagreements between different camps of biologists merely reflect methodological differences. This interpretation provides a more accurate and more optimistic account of the state of (...) play in the field of biology. It also helps account for biologists' tendency to embrace ideological positions. (shrink)

Introducción: Se presenta un análisis cualitativo del acompañamiento psicosocial a jóvenes en condiciones de vulnerabilidad desde la ecología humana durante 12 meses entre 2010 a 2011; utilizando técnicas pedagógicas evaluativas participativas. Éstas, son una alternativa para crear espacios reflexivos con el propósito de potenciar la resiliencia en las relaciones comunicativas y formar en el respeto. Objetivo: Generar bienestar, prevenir la farmacodependencia y contribuir a la promoción de la salud. Material y Métodos: Se revisaron los antecedentes temáticos, fueron seleccionados 100 estudiantes (...) entre 11 y 19 años de dos instituciones educativas públicas en condiciones vulnerables;se desarrollaron cuatro talleres reflexivos y cuatro prácticas lúdicas y se realizaron tres grupos focales con estudiantes, profesores y padres de familia. Resultados y Discusión: El contexto social de la población intervenida, revela problemas de abuso sexual, violencia intrafamiliar y eventos violentos en el vecindario por grupos armados ilegales, entre otros, que constituyen factores de riesgo importantes para la farmacodependencia. Conclusión: Se infiere que lo psicosocial incide en la farmacodependencia, afectando la convivencia de la población estudiada por múltiples causas del orden psicoafectivo, sociocultural, económico y político que van desde el consumo cultural hasta la seguridad alimentaria. Introduction: A qualitative analysis of the psycho-social support to young people in situations of vulnerability from human ecology is presented for 12 months between 2010 to 2011; using participatory evaluative pedagogical techniques. These are an alternative to create reflective spaces with the purpose of enhancing resilience in communicative relationships and working in respect. Objective: to generate well-being, prevent drug abuse and contribute to the health promotion. Material aids and methods: the thematic background was reviewed, 100 students between 11 and 19 years of two public schools in vulnerable conditionswere selected; four reflective workshops and four playful practices were developed and three focus groups with students, teachers and parentswere conducted. Results and discussion: the social context of the manipulated population reveals sexual abuse problems, domestic violence and violent events in the neighborhood by illegal armed groups, among others, which constitutemajor risk factors for drug abuse. Conclusion: It can be inferred that the psychosocial factors impact on drug dependence, affecting the coexistence of the population studied by multiple causes of the psychological, socio-cultural, economic and political order, ranging from cultural consumption to food security. (shrink)

Este artículo describe el método de puesta en marcha del sistema de gestión de listas de lecturas de Leganto a través de tres asignaturas de la Universidad de León (ULE). Éste ha sido un proceso de colaboración entre el personal de la biblioteca y el profesorado, que ha permitido analizar la forma de integrar este recurso dentro del proceso de aprendizaje de nuestros estudiantes. Esta herramienta potencia y dinamiza el uso de los recursos de la biblioteca y facilita la actualización (...) de parte de la información de las guías docentes. (shrink)

We agree with the author's working model, but we suggest that (a) the classical distinction between fast and slow processes as separable processes can be softened, and (b) human performance might result from an interplay between fast and slow processing and these processes may be mediated by systems that evolve to satisfy the need for operation in a complex environment.

En el marco del naturalismo moral PeterF. Strawson propone que la moralidades parte de nuestra natural participaciónen relaciones humanas donde los otrosno pueden resultarnos indiferentes. Sinembargo, esta innegable ganancia teóricade Strawson, puede quedar debilitadapor la insuficiente importancia que elanglosajón concede a las comunidadesmorales. Como agudamente lo ha puestode pr e s e nt e Ror t y, l os s e nt i mi e nt osmorales, tal como los concebía Strawson,no t ranscurren f uera o al margen dediversas comunidades (...) morales. Cuestiónque nos ha conducido a afirmar, inspiradosen Rorty, que responsabilizarse por el otrodepende de la posibilidad de constituircomunidades morales más incluyentes.A e l l o de b e s uma r s e , pe ns a mo s , e lplanteamiento de Baeir, de una educaciónsentimental que comienza en el nacimientocon el recibimiento amoroso de nuestrosfamiliares, quienes a través de su afectoprogresi vamente nos van entregandoesa confianza inicial que nos permitirác o n q u i s t a r “ u n a v e r s i ó n mo d e s t a ,atemperada, no fanática de la hermandadcristiana”*las comuniDaDes moralesfrom partiCipative interaCtions to moral Communitiesde alcance universalIn the framework of the moral naturalism Peter F. Strawson proposes that moralityis part of our natural participation inhuman rel ati ons where others cannotturn out indifferent to us. Nevertheless,this undeniable theoretical achievementof Strawson, can result weakened becauseof the insufficient importance that the Anglo-saxon gives to moral communities.Acutely, has said Rorty, moral sentimentsin the way conceived by Strawson do nottakes place outside or to the margin ofdiverse moral communities. This issuehas conducted us to affirm, inspired inRorty, that being responsible for the otherdepends on the possibility of built moreinclusive moral communities. We guessBaeir’s approach related to sentimentaleducation should be added to that, which starts from the birth with the lovely reception of our relatives, who throughtheir dearness progressively are giving usthe initial trust that will permit us conquer“a modest version, attenuated, non fanaticof the Christian brotherhood”of universal reach. (shrink)

Este artigo propõe discutir as formas de representação da identidade dos brasileiros que viveram na cidade de Lagos, em 1888. A ideia é analisar as comemorações que saudaram a notícia da abolição da escravidão no Brasil. Estas festas foram realizadas por brasileiros estabelecidos em território lagosiano, duraram vários dias e ganharam as páginas de jornais como o Lagos Observer e a Government Gazette. Nestes periódicos é possível perceber que alguns dos signos de pertencimento à comunidade foram constituídos por indivíduos de (...) fora do grupo. Estes signos de pertencimento construídos sobre os brasileiros se diferenciavam daqueles formulados pelos próprios brasileiros estabelecidos na cidade. A distinção entre as duas elaborações discursivas registradas pela imprensa lagosiana serve de suporte para pensar as variações dos sentidos de ser brasileiro em Lagos no final do século XIX. Palavras-chave: ideologia da escravidão, Catolicismo africano, inquisição, Igreja Católica, Cabo Verde. (shrink)

Abbiamo rivolto una serie di domande ad Angela de Benedictis e a Raffaele Laudani, autori di due volume che mettono in primo piano il rapporto tra obbedienza e disobbedienza. Il confronto riguarda una serie di concetti politici fondamentali all'interno della storia costituzionale moderna: resistenza, ribellione, rivoluzione, potere costituente, sovranità. Fondamentali risultano i linguaggi con i quali trovano espressione le contestazioni dell'ordine, in particolare il linguaggio giuridico che è spesso usato sia per contestare l'ordine sia per confermarlo. Non da ultimo (...) emerge l'importanza che la disobbedienza ha avuto per costituire lo spazio politico europeo e atlantico. (shrink)

Research on applying signature character strengths demonstrated positive effects on well-being, health and work behavior. Future health care professionals represent a group at risk for impaired well-being due to high study demands. This study investigates potential long-term protective effects on well-being. In total, 504 medical students participated in a longitudinal online study, with at least 96 providing complete data at all three time points. Data on individual signature character strengths and their applicability, thriving, work engagement, burnout, mental and physical health (...) were collected. Longitudinal relations of signature character strengths’ applicability and well-being, mental and physical health were tested with cross-lagged panel analyses. Moreover, indirect longitudinal mediation effects via work engagement and emotional exhaustion were considered. Cross-lagged panel analyses demonstrated significant positive effects of thriving on signature character strengths’ applicability at later time points indicating that higher levels of well-being might be mandatory first to have access to one’s own signature character strengths in a naturalistic setting. Disentangling thriving, the effect was only significant for psychological well-being. Across all three time points, significant indirect effects via work engagement on the relation of the applicability of signature character strengths and well-being were identified, whereas significant indirect effects on mental and physical health were only evident at t2 and t3. A longitudinal mediation analysis via work engagement revealed a significant indirect effect. These results call for further research as previous studies showed that the applicability of signature character strengths affected well-being, not vice versa. The ‘broaden-and-build’ theory and the assumption of well-being in a “top-down” model could possibly explain these novel results. (shrink)

Resumen: El presente trabajo explora el estatuto del arte en la filosofía de Spinoza, en el marco de la inversión copernicana que da origen a la estética y del barroco holandés. Si bien el pensamiento spinozista se inscribe en la conversión antropológica, en donde lo bello resulta ser un efecto en el sujeto y no una cualidad de los objetos, su comprensión del arte es inasimilable a la “estética” como ámbito diferenciado y autónomo que se consolida en el siglo XVIII, (...) y más bien concibe el arte integrado a la vida y a la experiencia común -a la vez que, en cuanto praxis de origen corporal al alcance de cualquiera, presenta puntos de contacto con las vanguardias históricas del siglo XX-. Spinoza, según se propone en este texto, concibe la producción de “obras de arte” menos como un hecho estético que como una actividad corporal éticamente orientada a la vida buena.: The present work explores the status of art in the philosophy of Spinoza, within the framework of the Copernican revolution that gives rise to aesthetics and the Dutch Baroque. Although the Spinozist thought is inscribed in the anthropological conversion by virtue of which beauty turns out to be an effect on the subject and not a property of objects, its understanding of art is unassimilable to "aesthetics" as a differentiated and autonomous area that it was consolidated in the eighteenth century, and rather conceived art integrated to life and common experience -at the same time, as praxis of bodily origin within the reach of anyone, presents points of contact with the historical avant-gardes of the twentieth century-. Spinoza conceives the production of "artworks" less as an aesthetic fact than as a body activity ethically oriented to the good life. (shrink)

In the following article, it will be argued that there are at least four clusters of arguments generally proposed to justify banning doping in sport and that Simon’s contribution has been of a seminal nature to at least two of the clusters.

Cet article compare les philosophies de Marc Richir et Gilles Deleuze à travers les notions d'« anarchie » et de « sens », en explorant comment celles-ci transforment la phénoménologie classique. Il est soutenu que les deux auteurs remplacent l’approche traditionnelle du sujet par une phénoménologie du Sinnbildung, ou « le sens en train de se faire ». Richir radicalise l’epoché phénoménologique vers une contingence générative, tandis que Deleuze développe une science des effets de surface fondée sur la création de (...) concepts et le simulacre. Tous deux proposent un « soi » dynamique, détaché de la subjectivité traditionnelle, et articulent le lien entre intériorité et extériorité dans des processus de formation du sens. Ce travail montre comment Richir et Deleuze déstabilisent les fondements subjectifs, en proposant une phénoménologie anarchique qui redéfinit la relation entre apparence, simulacre et production de sens. (shrink)

El bioderecho es un neologismo que trata las reglas jurídicas de comportamiento en el contexto de cuestiones bioéticas; se ocupa también del hombre, su dignidad, vida e identidad. El presente estudio descriptivo busca atribuir significado al concepto de dignidad en dos modelos de bioderecho, que develan el estatuto jurídico reconocido por estos a los adultos mayores. Se aplica el método de análisis elaborado por Laura Palazzani. Los resultados evidencian diferencias en el contenido del concepto de dignidad y, por ende, en (...) el estatuto jurídico reconocido a las personas mayores. (shrink)

The signal functions of infant crying cannot be understood properly without due attention to their ontogenetic development. Based on our own research on the development of infant cries, we argue that the controversies in cry literature will not be solved by static models, but that progress will made only when considering ontogenetic changes in interpreting cry data.

Given the sensitive nature of trauma-focused research, it is important that researchers understand the impact of research participation on study participants. The current study examined the relationship between type of child abuse, psychological adjustment, and self-reported participatory distress in 105 female adult survivors of childhood abuse. Several key findings emerged: (a) overall, participants reported low levels of participatory distress; (b) greater levels of participatory distress were reported by sexual abuse survivors and were associated with higher scores on depressed mood and (...) posttraumatic stress; and (c) posttraumatic stress symptomatology served as a mediator in the relationship between abuse type and participatory distress. The findings inform researchers and members of Institutional Review Boards on variables related to participatory distress in studies of child abuse. (shrink)

RESUMEN: El presente artículo tiene por objetivo analizar desde una perspectiva feminista las similitudes y diferencias existentes entre los Tribunales Ad-hoc para Ruanda y la Antigua Yugoslavia relacionados con los crímenes relativos a violencia sexual y violación. Analizando los componentes que afectan la determinación de dichos crímenes como son el consentimiento y el contexto y su tipificación internacional: Genocidio y lesa humanidad. ABSTRACT: The present article aims to analyze from a feminist point of view the similarities and differences between the (...) Ad-hoc Tribunals for Rwanda and the former Yugoslavia related sexual violence and rape crimes. PALABRAS CLAVE: Ruanda, Ex-Yugoslavia, violencia sexual, lesa humanidad, genocidio, violación, consentimiento, contexto. KEYWORDS: Rwanda, Ex- Yugoslavia, sexual violence, crimes against humanity, genocide, rape, contentment, coercion, context. (shrink)

Este texto realiza uma revisão de literatura em torno dos principais aspectos que envolvem a construção da cena dissensual em Jacques Rancière, evidenciando como a potência fabulativa da racionalidade ficcional produz momentos quaisquer que perturbam os encadeamentos consensuais de ações, gestos, existências e experiências. A partir da produção de intervalos e liminaridades, é possível reconfigurar temporalidades e espacialidades a fim de desestabilizar e desierarquizar as relações de dominação e propor outros imaginários. O momento qualquer suspende a ordem corriqueira do tempo, (...) redispõe o visível, as ações e as formas como as coisas e os seres aparecem, a maneira habitual de ocupar um espaço, a forma de identificar-se como indivíduo e de inscrever-se nas relações. Assim, a cena de dissenso, tomada como singularidade e como operação a partir da qual se pode produzir momentos de rêverie (devaneio fabulador) que fraturam imaginários consensuais, altera o modo como lemos, vemos e ouvimos o outro e o mundo a nosso redor. Argumentamos que a cena realiza uma desmontagem das explicações previsíveis, deslocando consensos e oferecendo um imaginário antihierárquico e no qual coexistem múltiplos tempos, espaços e existências. (shrink)

This article constitutes an attempt to reexamine a crucial issue of legal theory from the perspective of philosophy of language and of social ontology: by analyzing a jurisprudential case recently decided by the U.S. Supreme Court, we explain how Searle's account on rules in The Construction of Social Reality constitutes an important starting point for the clarification of the old jurisprudential debate between conventionalism and interpretivism. In a nutshell, we show that Searle's framework, while strictly conventionalist, makes it possible to (...) conceive of the distinction between the semantic content of rules and their extension, by drawing a parallel with the idea of “deep conventions” as well as with the semantic conventions in natural language. The paper thus touches on the broader problem of the relations between legal concepts and nonlegal values. (shrink)

In this paper, I examine two different ways of understanding Aquinas’s account of the infused and acquired virtues. I argue that one of these ways, at least asit is commonly described, is unable to accommodate one of Aquinas’s most central claims about the difference between the infused and acquired virtues.

Science is the study of our world, as it is in its messy reality. Nonetheless, science requires idealization to function—if we are to attempt to understand the world, we have to find ways to reduce its complexity. Idealization and the Aims of Science shows just how crucial idealization is to science and why it matters. Beginning with the acknowledgment of our status as limited human agents trying to make sense of an exceedingly complex world, Angela Potochnik moves on to (...) explain how science aims to depict and make use of causal patterns—a project that makes essential use of idealization. She offers case studies from a number of branches of science to demonstrate the ubiquity of idealization, shows how causal patterns are used to develop scientific explanations, and describes how the necessarily imperfect connection between science and truth leads to researchers’ values influencing their findings. The resulting book is a tour de force, a synthesis of the study of idealization that also offers countless new insights and avenues for future exploration. (shrink)

Die Transformation der Kernphysik aus dem akademischen Labor über die Großforschung hin zum gescheiterten großtechnologischen Projekt war eng verknüpft mit der Implementierung transnationaler Wissensströme. Christian Forstner zeigt am Beispiel Österreichs, wie Industrie, Wissenschaft, Politik und Zivilgesellschaft interagieren müssen, um erfolgreiche Innovation möglich zu machen. Zunächst analysiert er die frühe Radioaktivitätsforschung bis zur Kernspaltung und dem NS-Forschungsverbund Uranverein. Anschließend folgt der Weg von den österreichischen Forschungsreaktoren im Rahmen des US-amerikanischen Atoms for Peace-Programms bis hin zum Bau des Kernkraftwerks Zwentendorf, das (...) nach dem „Nein zu Zwentendorf“ als Ergebnis einer Volksabstimmung im November 1978 nie in Betrieb ging. Der Autor: PD Dr. Christian Forstner ist Physiker und Wissenschaftshistoriker und derzeit Privatdozent für Geschichte der Naturwissenschaften an der Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main. Er leitet den Fachverband „Geschichte der Physik“ der Deutschen Physikalischen Gesellschaft. (shrink)