Modern methods of information storage up completely new possibilities for the systematics of biology, understood in the widest sense. The construction of identification codes for use with punchcards must be considered against the wider background of these new possibilities. A critical pre-condition for the use of these modern methods is that questions of terminology and classification should be fundamentally restudied. The book for flowering plants “Flora von Deutschland” has been used as a basis for developing several punch-card codes. These codes (...) have made it possible to establish sets of IBM punchcards, totalling about 3000 in all, for German flowering plants. Современные методы хранения информации раскрывают для биологической систематики совершенно новые возможности. Составление ключов определения использующих пуншкарты следует рассматривать в связи с этими новыми возможностями. Для применения новых способов бесусловно требуется основное изучение вопросов терминологии и классификации. Посредством определителя цветных растений „Flora von Deutschland” .составились разные ключи определения для пуншкарт. С помощью этих ключов изготовились системы ИБМ пуншкарт для цветных растений Германии. Die modernen Methoden der Wissensspeicherung erschließen für die gesamte biologische Systematik völlig neue Möglichkeiten. Der Aufbau von Bestimmungsschlüsseln für Lochkarten muß in dem durch diese neuen Möglichkeiten gegebenen größeren Zusammenhang gesehen werden. Eine entscheidende Voraussetzung für die Anwendung der modernen Verfahren ist die erneute und gründliche Beschäftigung mit den Fragen der Terminologie und der Ordnungslehre. Ausgehend von dem Bestimmungsbuch für Blütenpflanzen „Flora von Deutschland“ wurden verschiedene Lochkartenschlüssel entwickelt. Mit Hilfe der Schlüssel konntenIBM-Karteien von insgesamt rund 3.000 Lochkarten über deutsche Blütenpflanzen aufgestellt werden. (shrink)

The physics of condensed matter, in contrast to quantum physics or cosmology, is not traditionally associated with deep philosophical questions. However, as science - largely thanks to more powerful computers - becomes capable of analysing and modelling ever more complex many-body systems, basic questions of philosophical relevance arise. Questions about the emergence of structure, the nature of cooperative behaviour, the implications of the second law, the quantum-classical transition and many other issues. This book is a collection of essays by leading (...) physicists and philosophers. Each investigates one or more of these issues, making use of examples from modern condensed matter research. Physicists and philosophers alike will find surprising and stimulating ideas in these pages. (shrink)

À l’adolescence le corps est central. Les problématiques ordaliques l’exposent, jusqu’à lui faire frôler la mort. Le corps est mis en scène. Il révèle l’histoire des traces d’anciens vécus traumatiques et des restes de vécus d’ambiguïté. L’analyse de ces traces-restes met en lumière l’étoffe d’une fantasmatique de vie/mort qui structure et organise l’organisation psychique du sujet. La nature de cette fantasmatique est d’essence originaire et se décline sous ces deux formes majeures : le fantasme de mono-engendrement et le fantasme de (...) retour au matriciel. (shrink)

Cette contribution est centrée sur l'analyse d'une pratique éditoriale, illustrée par le parcours récent de l'Encyclopædia Universalis dans la conception de dispositifs informatisés de diffusion de connaissances. Il s'agit d'étudier les conditions d'appropriation techniques et cognitives faites aux lecteurs-utilisateurs confrontés à des environnements sophistiqués et à des interfaces hypermédias de lecture-écriture. La « culture de l'information » est utilisée pour identifier un modèle informationnel du sujet, induit par les évolutions de la technique et par les dispositifs de communication qui sont (...) proposés.This contribution focuses on the analysis of an editorial practice, illustrated by the recent approach of the Encyclopaedia Universalis to computerized systems of knowledge dissemination. The purpose is to study the conditions of technical and cognitive appropriation created for readers/users in their confrontation with sophisticated systems and hypermedia reading/writing interfaces. Information literacy is used to identify an informational model of the individual concerned, induced by the technical evolutions and the communication systems that are presented. (shrink)

Since the time of Descartes science has been influenced by the demand for precision and accuracy in research. In the 20th century also humanities began to submit to this demand. The term precision itself has a far-reaching and historically grown semantics. As a consequence of the attempt to answer precisely and irrefutably to scientific questions, achieved knowledge today is only valid for an increasingly narrow range.

Zusammenfassung In Deutschland heimisch gewordene Hindus aus Südasien, die für ihre Götterverehrung bisher Räumlichkeiten in vorhandenen Gebäuden benutzten, haben begonnen, eigene Tempel zu errichten. Bisher wurden drei derartige Verehrungsstätten fertiggestellt, zwei weitere befinden sich im Bau. Die äußere Gestaltung orientiert sich in allen Fällen an traditionellen hinduistischen Sakralbauten, wie sie vor allem auf Sri Lanka und in Südindien begegnen. Dieser Stil zeichnet sich vor allem durch Aufbauten auf den Tempeldächern und über dem Eingang aus, an denen vielfältige Skulpturen göttlicher Wesen (...) angebracht sind. Gründe für die Entscheidung für solche aufwendigen und kostspieligen Projekte sind im Wunsch nach Gebäuden zu suchen, Bezüge zur ehemaligen Heimat herzustellen und eigene kunstvolle Baukunst zu demonstrieren. Sie speisen sich aber auch aus dem Bedürfnis, die Gottheiten in Gebäuden verehren zu können, die überkommenen hinduistischen Vorstellungen von sakralen und sakralisierbaren Götterbehausungen entsprechen. (shrink)

Walter Benjamin, der Traum und das Bild des Weiblichen Geschichtsphilosophie aus gendertheoretischer Perspektive. 0Karin Stögner: 0Beschädigtes Leben und antisemitische „Schiefheilung". Freud und Adorno revisited.0Ljiljana Radonic: 0Autonomie versus Engagement? Über Adorno und Brecht. 0Gerhard Scheit: 0„Une promesse de bonheur". Herbert Marcuses „Über den affirmativen Charakter der Kultur".0Daniela Berner und Florian Wagner: 0Gebrochene Geschichte, Bedrängte Gegenwart. Möglichkeiten und Grenzen eines fremdgestellten Blicks 0auf die nationalsozialistische Vergangenheit im Film. 0Tobias Ebbrecht-Hartmann: 0Das drastische Medium. Über Adornos Kritik des Films. 0Christoph Hesse: 0Träumerinnen im Wachen. (...) Die „Kollektivträume" der Comics und die Kritische Theorie. 0Barbara Eder : 0Verehrte Unsichtbare!"0Über die Kunst des Hörens bei Walter Benjamin und Theodor W. Adorno 0Christine Ehardt: 0Exkursion 0Shopping Mall, mit Walter Benjamin u.a. 0Anette Baldauf : 0Zum Einbruch des.Realen' in die Gegenwart 0Eingedenken, Erinnern, Katharsis 0Sara Vorwalder und Veronika Zangl : 0„Alles wirklich Brauchbare besteht in Aushilfen". Zwei Lektüren zu Oskar Negt und Alexander Kluges Geschichte und Eigensinn 0Valentin Mertes und Michael Paninski : 0„Die Nord-West-Passage der Revolution" 0Herrschaftsverhältnisse und die situationistische Kartographierung 0der Stadtlandschaft 0Brigitte Marschall: 0. (shrink)

This book, first published in 2000, offers translations of the initial critical reactions to Kant's philosophy. Also included is a selection of writings by Kant's contemporaries who took on the task of defending the critical philosophy against early attacks. The first aim of this collection is to show in detail how Kant was understood and misunderstood by his contemporaries. The second aim is to reveal the sorts of arguments that Kant and his first disciples mounted in their defense of the (...) theoretical philosophy. The third aim of the book is to contribute to an understanding of the development of Kant's critical philosophy after its initial formulation in the Critique of Pure Reason, and in particular why Kant made the changes he did in the second edition of the work in 1787. This collection, which includes a glossary of key terms and biographical sketches of the critics on both sides of the debate, is a major addition to Kant scholarship and should be seen as a companion volume to the Cambridge Edition of the Works of Immanuel Kant. (shrink)

In this paper, I will explore the concept that healing activities shape the objects of therapy and seek to construct those objects through therapeutic activities. Objects of therapy are the persons, patients, human bodies, diseases, physiological processes and personal suffering—that which clinical medicine constructs through its distinctive formative processes, practices and knowledge. The rationale for choice of philosophical sources namely, Cassirer, Foucault, the anthropological perspective of Good and the sociological account of Frank will be discussed. The claim articulated by Good (...) will be examined and its relationship to culture, illness, medical knowledge, practice, truth, and science. I then focus on Frank's concepts of the patient and the body and how medical knowledge and practices affects it. The concept that the medicalization of the illness narrative silences the patient's voice requiring an ethic of listening will be emphasized, described and further supported by Charon's (2006, Narrative medicine: Honoring the stories of illness. New York, NY: Oxford University Press) and Cassell's (2015, The nature of suffering and the goals of medicine. New York, NY: Oxford University Press) thoughts on narrative of illness in clinical medicine. My position concludes that healing activities construct the objects of therapy: as the medical culture's way of seeking truth; as medicine's way of mediating and organizing forms of reality through culture and symbolic forms; and, as medicine's way of entering the body and constructing the disease. Lastly, I suggest that in spite of the remarkable progress in the control of disease, the failure to address the interpretation of illness meanings is a fundamental flaw in the work of “doctoring.” The experience and meanings of illness are at the centre of clinical practice and is a moral, political, ethical and professional obligation. The person is a cultural construct, a complex and culturally shaped way of experiencing self and other, and cultural “work” is required to constitute the person who is the object of medical attention and it also necessitates the ethic of listening. (shrink)

A travers les différents thèmes abordés le réel, la poésie, la pulsion de mort, l'interprétation, la télépathie, le rêve, l'inconscient ou le rire est ici interrogée la relation entre ces deux penseurs strictement contemporains du XXe siècle. L'exégèse textuelle recrée un dialogue qui n'a pas réellement existé entre eux. Elle l'inscrit dans un contexte épistémique très riche où se livre une bataille spéculative à l'origine d'une rupture majeure dans les sciences humaines, dont les retombées sont encore palpables aujourd'hui, se nouant (...) autour de nombreux points théoriques liés à la naissance de la psychologie. La finalité revendiquée par celle-ci est ambivalente : à la fois se distinguer de la philosophie et de la médecine, et s'y rattacher. Dans cette optique, autant Bergson que Freud vont se trouver au centre d'un débat sur la "scientificité" de la science du psychique, revendiquant, à l'instar de T Ribot ou P Janet par exemple, le recours à l'expérimentation et aux thèses psychophysiologistes et psychophysiques. La métaphysique de Bergson, comme la métapsychologie de Freud, ainsi désignée en 1896, seront redevables de ces théories, tout en s'en détachant pour aller vers l'idée d'inconscient, concept fondateur de la psychoanalysefreudienne. (shrink)

Die kantische Ethik steht im Spannungsfeld von Rationalismus und Unmittelbarkeit, welche von der Vernunft nicht mehr zu fassen ist. Es ist das Faszinierende an der Theorie Kants, dass Moralität als vernünftiges Phänomen erkannt wird, welches intersubjektive Geltung beanspruchen muss. Gleichwohl kommt praktische Vernunft im Begriff des Gewissens in einen rational nicht mehr einholbaren Bereich.

Le rapport entre féminisme et communisme est ambigu, souvent difficile certes, mais parfois aussi productif. C’est ce que démontrent les contributions du numéro 6 d’Aden, revue publiée par leGroupe Interdisciplinaire d’Études Nizaniennes,consacré à cette thématique. L’approche choisie est biographique et littéraire. C’est d’abord à travers la trajectoire et les écrits d’actrices et d’acteurs historiques que sont abordées la question de la place des femmes et du féminisme dans le communisme et...

Grace de Laguna was a philosopher working in the first part of the twentieth century on analytic and speculative philosophy, as well as on the psychology and philosophy of language, especially the social function of language. Joel Katzav’s lead essay focuses mainly on the former part of her work, while my commentary focuses mostly on the latter. Katzav shows how her work played a role in the development of analytic philosophy, I try to show how her work played a role (...) in the development of pragmatic linguistics, whose development overlapped with some aspects of analytic philosophy. I situate it in the context of an emerging ‘pragmatic Weltanschauung’ that was embraced by many working in linguistics, philology, philosophy, psychology, anthropology and what would later be called linguistic pragmatics. (shrink)

Astroparticle physics is a recent sub-discipline of physics that emerged from early cosmic ray studies, astrophysics, and particle physics. Its theoretical foundations range from quantum field theory to general relativity, but the underlying “standard models” of cosmology and particle physics are far from being unified. The paper explores the pragmatic strategies employed in astroparticle physics in order to unify a disunified research field, the concept of observation involved in these strategies, and their relations to scientific realism.

This is the first day of our confinement here in Paris, which soon will feel a bit like house arrest. So, to help cheer you up, in these times of doom and gloom, I have decided to bring the museum to you in the form of a virtual exhibition thrice weekly. I have picked 25 photos from a work in progress I started years ago. The photos are portraits of visitors or guards in museums. It's candid photography, capturing life on (...) the run, a moment in time. I hope you will find many other ways to - Résidence numérique - Brigitte Cavanagh. (shrink)

Politically, Europe has been unable to address itself to a constituted polity and people as more than an agglomeration of nation-states. From the resurgence of nationalisms to the crisis of the single currency and the unprecedented decision of a member state to leave the European Union, core questions about the future of Europe have been rearticulated: Who are the people of Europe? Is there a European identity? What does it mean to say, “I am European?” Where does Europe begin and (...) end? and Who can legitimately claim to be a part of a “European” people? The special issue seeks to contest dominant framings of the question “Who are the people of Europe?” as only a matter of government policies, electoral campaigns, or parliamentary debates. Instead, the contributions start from the assumption that answers to this question exist in data practices where people are addressed, framed, known, and governed as European. The central argument of this SI is that it is through data practices that the EU seeks to simultaneously constitute its population as a knowable, governable entity, and as a distinct form of peoplehood where common personhood is more important than differences. (shrink)