The precarious rights of senior citizens, especially those who are highly educated and who are expected to counsel and guide the younger generations, has stimulated the creation internationally of advocacy associations and opinion leader groups. The strength of these groups, however, varies from country to country. In some countries, they are supported and are the focus of intense interest; in others, they are practically ignored. For this is reason we believe that the creation of a network of all these associations (...) is essential. The proposed network would act as a support for the already-existing policies of the United Nations’ High Commission for Human Rights, of independent experts, and of the Global Alliance for the Rights of Older People. All three have long ago recommended the creation of a recognized instrument for uniting presently scattered efforts. The proposed network, therefore, will seek to promote the international exchange of relevant expertise, and it will reinforce the commitments and actions that single countries are currently taking to meet these objectives. For example, informative public events can be organised to promote particular support initiatives and to provide an opportunity for new members of the network to be presented. The network will promote health for senior citizens, disease prevention, senior mobility, safe free time for seniors, alimentary education, protection against new risks and dangers, as well as equity in the services necessary for seniors to adopt new information and communication technologies. In the case of retired academic members, the network will promote equality with respect to continuing use of digital technologies (particularly email), continuing access to research libraries, and the guaranteed ability for seniors to fund their own research programs and to deliver free seminars. (shrink)

El presente artículo aborda el problema hegeliano del comienzo de la ciencia filosófica desde el prisma de la circularidad constitutiva del proceso lógico y, en consecuencia, de la vinculación especulativa entre el comienzo y el resultado. Siguiendo una metodología hermenéutica, la exposición está organizada en tres secciones. En la primera de ellas, el comentario se atendrá a la cuestión de la actualidad del comienzo de la Lógica. La segunda sección ofrecerá una aproximación al concepto del método, con la intención de (...) dilucidar en su naturaleza extensivo-intensiva el fundamento de la circularidad especulativa de lo lógico y de la integración dialéctica de sus momentos. En la última parte, la argumentación se enfocará en determinar la relevancia de dicha operación circular para la comprensión de la totalidad del programa filosófico hegeliano. (shrink)

Este artigo propõe um levantamento do contato entre o pensamento europeu e os povos ameríndios, com ênfase na genealogia dos conceitos filosóficos que vieram a embasar as posições teológicas e as normas jurídicas responsáveis por regular, ao menos em teoria, as práticas históricas para a dinâmica de invasão e conquista dessas terras baixas da América do Sul. Pois, entendemos que nesta trilha encontraremos os fundamentos da dialética entre os direitos indígenas e as regulamentações do Estado nacional, de onde surgem as (...) tensões relativas às reivindicações dos povos ameríndios pelo direito à proteção e uso exclusivo de seus territórios originários. Iniciamos, então, esse percurso, com o momento inaugural da discussão moderna sobre a pauta dos direitos humanos, a partir do debate relativo ao reconhecimento ou não da humanidade dos povos indígenas no século XVI – presente nas formulações do direito dos povos por Frei Francisco de Vitória; passando pelo importante episódio conhecido como C_ontrovérsia de Valladolid_, entre Sepúlveda e Las Casas; percorrendo posteriormente o período colonial, império, primeira e segunda repúblicas, sempre com especial atenção para os conceitos filosóficos que sustentaram as práticas de exploração, usurpação, proteção e controle ao longo deste percurso; até chegar nos ideais de autonomia e autodeterminação presentes na Constituição de 1988. Finalizando esta exposição com a discussão sobre os desafios atuais para sua manutenção e aperfeiçoamento. (shrink)

Challenging moral relativism, Mitchell equips Christians to offer biblically faithful, theologically nuanced, and historically informed answers to the most pressing moral questions facing our world today.

The preparation of layers of amorphous Se by plasma-enhanced CVD using the hydride H2Se as precursor gas is described. Information concerning the structure of the films was obtained from Raman spectroscopy. The spectra of amorphous Se indicated that the dominant molecular structure is the eight-membered ring and/or a chain with Se8 molecular fragments. This material exhibited reversible photodarkening when illuminated at 77 K. In order to explain this phenomenon, we propose a mechanism which takes into account the role of the (...) lone-pair electron orbitals of Se in their contribution to structural ordering. Illumination can cause a distortion in the normal bonding direction between nearest-neighbour Se atoms and induce in this way intrinsic defect states located at the band edges. In the photo-darkened state, optical transition will occur between these defect states. (shrink)

The internal language of a monoidal category yields simple proofs of results about a natural numbers object therein.

This essay explores how Newman’s thought influenced Maurice Blondel’s “new apologetics of action,” as well as the Modernist movement at the beginning of the twentieth century.

Стаття С. Присухіна «Іван Павло ІІ про логіку діалогу між Католицькою Церквою та ісламом» присвячена філософськобогословським напрацюванням Папи Римського Івана Павла ІІ щодо аналізу змістовних характеристик поняття «діалог між католицизмом і ісламом», а також логіки його здійснення в непростому й суперечливому сьогоденні.

The papers in this volume focus on two central issues in the philosophy of law, the relationship between law and morality, and crime and punishment. In the essay that gives the title to this volume, it is argued that, although in many legal systems there are in fact significant connections between law and morality, these connections are not conceptually or logically necessary. They depend on various social practices. Ronald Dworkin's famous attempt to undermine the legal positivist's separation of law from (...) morality is rejected, and it is argued that Dworkin's own positive theory of law may indeed be quite compatible with certain versions of legal positivism. Other essays explore the notion of a wicked legal system, the rule of law, and various perspectives on the nature of law. The essays on crime and punishment discuss the theory and practice of punishment. They extend the work done in the author's earlier book, "Crime, Guilt and Punishment". They reject a purely retributive justification of punishment, in spite of the increasing sophistication in its recent formulations. (shrink)