The ability to identify all legally salient properties within a complex situation is a subjective trait necessarily possessed by a lawful person. This ability is better explained as a type of perception. The paper puts forward an account of the perception of legally salient properties in which perception affords a preliminary ordering of the total information received while allowing for the formation of a remainder that explains the peripheral legal perception experienced legal practitioners develop over time. After this account of (...) legal perception is in place, the paper considers the relationship between this aspect of subjectivity and complete virtue, in particular, practical wisdom and lawfulness. (shrink)

Legal Inquiry and Legal Arguments Del Mar’s conception of legal inquiry sheds light on aspects of judicial decision-making, in particular their use of some argument-types. In turn, the deeper insight into these argumentative practices helps us better understand how legal arguments put forward in authoritatively decided cases relate to future cases, beyond the strict limits of a doctrine of binding precedent. In this contribution I motivate these claims (i) by unpacking the Del Mar’s account of legal inquiry, (ii) by demonstrating (...) that one common and important judicial argumentative practice (the judicial use of inferences to the best legal explanation) cannot be fully captured within the limits set out by a doctrine of binding precedent and, finally, (iii) by showing how Del Mar’s notion of legal inquiry helps us make sense of that particular argumentative practice. (shrink)

This paper argues that the positive allocative decisions paradigmatically carried out by the application of legal rules are a necessary condition for arguments about particular justice (i.e., distributive and commutative justice) to make sense. If one shifts the focus from the distinction between distributive and commutative justice to what the two aspects of particular justice are for, namely, providing criteria to judge the allocation of goods, it becomes clear that the distinction is conceptually unstable. The paper argues that stabilizing the (...) distinction is worthwhile and that this can only be accomplished by the introduction of positive allocation schemes. (shrink)

Successful accounts of analogy in law have two burdens to discharge. First, they must reflect the fact that the conclusion of an argument by analogy is a normative claim about how to decide a certain case. Second, they must not fail to accord relevance to the fact that the source case was authoritatively decided in a certain way. We argue in the first half of this paper that the common view of the structure of analogical arguments in law cannot overcome (...) these hurdles. In the second half we develop an original account that aims to succeed where others failed. (shrink)

This short piece is the introduction to the Special Issue on ‘Virtue and the Law’ published by Jurisprudence in March 2019 (vol 9, issue 1). It explains the scope of the project and its place in the unfolding of virtue jurisprudence that has occurred in the past few decades, as well as introducing the topics addressed in the volume. In the first couple of pages the authors/editors outline a very brief genealogy of virtue jurisprudence and of its relation to both (...) legal theory and virtue theory. The rest of the text presents the contributions to the volume in turn, identifying some of the substantive issues addressed by each of them and their place in the investigation of the interface between virtue theory and legal theory. (shrink)

Imagining Law. Conversing, Listening, Feeling, Hesitating This contribution is a response to four comments on Artefacts of Legal Inquiry (2020) by Adriana Alfaro Altamirano, Iris van Domselaar, Claudio Michelon, and Greg Walker. It discusses four themes by way of response to each commentator: conversing, listening, feeling, and hesitating.

We generalize a well-knownSmullyan's result, by showing that any two sets of the kindC a = {x/ xa} andC b = {x/ xb} are effectively inseparable (if I b). Then we investigate logical and recursive consequences of this fact (see Introduction).

En este artículo se busca explicitar la significación que, desde la perspectiva de Sartre, adquiere la violencia en cuanto relación intersubjetiva, especialmente en el proceso de constitución de los grupos. Se destaca el carácter ambiguo de la violencia que, como praxis destructivo-constructiva, se encuentra orientada, sin ninguna garantía de éxito, a superar la condición alienada de la libertad en medio de un mundo de escasez -nuestro mundo- donde el hombre es siempre un potencial contra-hombre.

E' naturale che a pubblicare l'intero corpus degli opuscoli retorici di Teodoro II Duca Lascari (1221–1258; imperatore dal 1254 al 1258) sia Luigi Tartaglia [da ora in avanti = Tart.], giacché buona parte di tali testi avevano visto la luce per la prima volta proprio per opera sua; ed è altrettanto naturale che il livello di tale edizione integrale sia alto, data la competenza e la lunga militanza di Tart. nel campo della bizantinistica. Per la precisione, gli opuscoli costituenti il (...) corpus sono in tutto dieci ed appartengono ai generi letterari pìù diversi (in questo quadro, il termine “retorici” con il quale sono designati i dieci opuscoli nel loro complesso rappresenta un'utile convenzione). Di tali opuscoli, due vengono qui editi per la prima volta (opp. 1 e 8); cinque sono ripubblicati, con ritocchi, dall'editor princeps di essi (opp. 2, 6, 7, 9 e 10); due erano già stati editi da altri studiosi, ma sulla base di un unico manoscritto e, dunque, in modo non scientifico (opp. 3 e 4); uno solo (op. 5) era stato pubblicato sulla scorta di tutti e quattro i manoscritti esistenti degli opuscoli stessi da A. Ph. Markopoulos nel 1968. (shrink)

Machiavelli’s Prince has often been the subject of study limited to individual chapters or topics. In this reading, I guide the reader through an alternative route, a deconstructive analysis unfolding chapter-by-chapter, and revealing a dynamic of logical failure of the principalities. A positive moment is regained only at the end of the book where in the Exhortatio ad capessendam Italiam the urgency for a new political leader to constitute a unifying state is declared. This structural dynamic of The Prince allows (...) to postulate that the solution to the crisis of Italian politics resides outside the forms of the same principalities presented in The Prince. In this respect, more support is gained for the connection between the best form of civil popular principality with the exaltation of the Roman republic as treated in Machiavelli’s Discourses on Livy. (shrink)

In the following essay, I attempt to reactualize some of Kant’s most fundamental conceptions of a state’s sovereignty and the legitimacy of the cosmopolitan order. To this end, I provide what appears as a viable solution to Kant’s “sovereignty dilemma”; that is, the reconciliation between state sovereignty and the international enforceability of laws. I consider that a key component of the overall Kantian cosmopolitan project is the role played by the transcendental notion of an “originally united will” in its validation (...) of constituencies. I emphasize the view that for Kant state-citizens are also, as he says, “citizens of the world” or “citizens of the earth”. I argue, furthermore, that a state’s sovereignty must comply with a number of different constitutional wholes. I then proceed by confronting the Kantian notion of a general united will with the Habermasian conception of “double sovereignty.” I conclude by suggesting a fusion/synthesis between the two views, one which would require endorsing the idea of cosmopolitan constitutionalism as a meta-framework for interpreting the legitimacy of member states’ compliance with policy indications of transnational constituencies. (shrink)

In der Arbeit wird eine "konservative" Lösung von Gettiers Problem entwickelt, wonach die klassische Wissensdefinition nicht erweitert oder ersetzt wird, sondern auf eine vereinigende Weise interpretiert. Die Hauptidee ist, daß Gettiers Beispielen prinzipiell geantwortet werden können, wenn die logische Verbindung zwischen der Bedingung der Wahrheit der Aussage und die Bedingung der Rechtfertigung des Glaubens an dieser Wahrheit explizit gemacht wird.

This paper aims to show that the ‘I'm thinking’, to really be the awareness of an act of thought, must refer to or indicate particular thought‐contents that are not actually being focused on in the consciousness. A consequence of this is that the ‘I'm thinking’ lacks the absolute incorrigibility necessary to justify its role as a premise for the cogito.

O trabalho apresenta os três principais pontos de vista éticos que são predominantes, hoje, nas discussões da filosofia moral, a saber, a ética de virtudes, a deontologia e o conseqüencialismo. Ele revela os principais traços de cada teoria apontando os seus pontos positivos e negativos. Posteriormente, ele argumentaem favor de um enfoque conseqüencialista, isto é, por uma forma particular de utilitarismo.The paper presents the three main ethical views, namely virtue ethics, deontology andconsequencialism, which are predominant in moral philosophy nowadays. It (...) sorts out the main features ofeach theory pointing to the main advantages as well as to the main disadvantages of each approach.Afterwards, it argues for a consequentialist account of morals, that is, a particular form of utilitarianism. (shrink)

In this study, we explore the role of Chief Executive Officers’ incentives, split between monetary and non-monetary, in relation to corporate social responsibility. We base our analysis on a sample of 597 US firms over the period 2005–2009. We find that both monetary and non-monetary incentives have an effect on CSR decisions. Specifically, monetary incentives designed to align the CEO’s and shareholders’ interests have a negative effect on CSR and non-monetary incentives have a positive effect on CSR. The study has (...) important implications for the design of executive remuneration plans, as we show that there are many levers that can affect the CEO’s decisions with regard to CSR. Our evidence also confirms the prominent role of the CEO in relation to CSR decisions, while also recognizing the complexity of factors affecting CSR. Finally, we propose a research design that takes into account endogeneity issues arising when examining compensation variables. (shrink)

The entry into force of the Rome Statute on 1 July 2002 establishing the International Criminal Court (ICC) has signified a shift in the goals pursued by international criminal law. Due to new types of warfare dynamics, international protection is in need of new orientations, particularly with regard to conflict deterrence aims. This urgency is widely documented by the normative action framework of the Responsibility to Protect (RtoP) and, more recently, by the UN Secretary-General 2012–2013 Reports for the RtoP’s implementation. (...) The scope of this study is twofold. On the one hand, it aims to explore theoretical overlapping between the jus post bellum and the RtoP with regard to deterrence effects of the ICC; on the other hand, it proposes to illustrate such dynamics by reference to Kenya’s post-electoral violence during the period 2007–2013. Kenya represents an instance of a post-conflict society whereby transitional justice actions have taken place under a de facto adoption of a RtoP framework. As a result, I defend a qualified correlation between ICC’s retribution and deterrence effects. I claim that the hypothesis of the ICC’s deterring effects accounts in Kenya is constructed upon a general condition of direct compliance by self-interested rational actors (such as high-ranking political candidates and their secretariat) as well as on unintended effects of ethnic stabilization. I further consider that this possibility is reinforced by systemic interdependencies with other national and international initiatives such as the Kenyan National Dialogue and Reconciliation (KNDR) mediation initiative, the Grand Coalition Government, the Panel of African Eminent Personalities led by Kofi Annan, and the findings of the Commission of Enquiry of Post-Election Violence (CIPEV). (shrink)

Il a fallu deux ans pour la parution de l’édition française de ce court mais très dense ouvrage concernant le partage eucharistique entre les Églises de la Réforme et l’Église catholique. Et on ne peut que déplorer l’absence des Églises orthodoxes dans ce débat si central pour l’œcuménisme. L’originalité de la recherche est tout d’abord dans la méthode adoptée : partir des pratiques de partage eucharistique déjà officiellement en vigueur dans plusieurs contextes pour en déduire des positions ..

Significant amounts of wealth have been exchanged as part of marriage settlements throughout history. Although various models have been proposed for interpreting these practices, their development over time has not been investigated systematically. In this paper we use a Bayesian MCMC phylogenetic comparative approach to reconstruct the evolution of two forms of wealth transfers at marriage, dowry and bridewealth, for 51 Indo-European cultural groups. Results indicate that dowry is more likely to have been the ancestral practice, and that a minimum (...) of four changes to bridewealth is necessary to explain the observed distribution of the two states across the cultural groups. (shrink)

Resumo: Este artigo, escrito na forma de um ensaio, tem como objetivo traçar uma discussão a respeito de um binômio particular ao magistério: ofício ou vocação. Nossa pergunta chave é: seria a docência um exercício de vocação, baseado no dom de ensinar e no apreço pelas pessoas? Por meio de três princípios da e para a docência, produzimos um diálogo articulado entre as premissas mais gerais a respeito do trabalho docente e as reflexões originadas da experiência cotidiana como professores formadores. (...) Ao final, esperamos destacar a complexidade da profissão que é ofício e vocação. Palavras-chave: Educação; Formação Docente; Ensino Delving into meanings of teaching from three principles Abstract: This paper, written as an essay, aims to outline a discussion about a particular binomial to the teaching profession: profession or calling. Our key question is: would teaching be an exercise of vocation, based on the gift of teaching and appreciation for people? Through three principles of and for teaching, we produced an articulated dialogue between the most general premises regarding teaching work and the reflections originated from the daily experience as teacher educators. In the end, we hope to highlight the complexity of the profession that is both profession and calling. Keywords: Education; Teacher Education; Teaching Profundizando en significados de la enseñanza desde tres principios Resumen: Este artículo, escrito en forma de ensayo, tiene como objetivo esbozar una discusión sobre un binomio particular a la profesión docente: oficio o vocación. Nuestra pregunta clave es: ¿sería la docencia un ejercicio de vocación, basado en el don de la enseñanza y el aprecio por las personas? A través de tres principios de y para la docencia, producimos un diálogo articulado entre los presupuestos más generales en torno al trabajo docente y las reflexiones originadas desde la experiencia cotidiana como formadores de docentes. Al final, esperamos resaltar la complejidad de la profesión que es a la vez oficio y vocación. Palabras clave: Educación; Formación de Profesores; Enseñanza Data de registro: 29/06/2022 Data de aceite: 26/10/2022. (shrink)

La discussione delle grandi narrazioni storiografiche del pensiero medievale. Il definirsi di una prospettiva teorica e di una storiografica attraverso il confronto con Scoto Eriugena. La ricerca di un senso e il problema di Dio. Gli anni della guerra e l'importanza della prassi.