Background: The novel coronavirus disease 2019 posed an unprecedented threat to Chinese healthcare professionals. Nevertheless, few studies notably focused on the mental health conditions of nurses and explored protective factors to prevent posttraumatic stress and psychological distress. This study aimed to explore the prevalence and the predictive factors especially defensive predictors associated with posttraumatic stress and psychological distress in nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic.Methods: In this online study, 1,728 nurses were included in the final analysis. Posttraumatic stress disorder checklist for (...) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition and Self-Reporting Questionnaire was used to assess posttraumatic stress and psychological distress.Results: The results demonstrated that the prevalence of posttraumatic stress and psychological distress in nurses throughout China between February 1, 2020 and February 13, 2020 was 39.12 and 24.36%, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression indicated that insomnia, high panic intensity, and high impact of the COVID-19 pandemic were risk predictors of posttraumatic stress and psychological distress in nurses. Married participants had a 1.58 times increased risk of having posttraumatic stress when compared with the single participants. Frontline medical staff were more likely to suffer from psychological distress. The adequate exercise was a protective predictor of psychological distress [adjusted odds ratio = 0.655, 95% CI = 0.486–0.883], but not with posttraumatic stress. High-quality diet was a protective predictor of posttraumatic stress and psychological distress.Conclusions: Our study revealed the prevalence and factors associated with posttraumatic stress and psychological distress in nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic. Low panic intensity, low level of impact, satisfactory sleep, adequate exercise, and better diet were protective factors of posttraumatic stress and psychological distress. It indicated that the psychological status of nurses should be monitored, and protective factors associated with posttraumatic stress and psychological distress should be increased. (shrink)

The suppression of sexuality is culturally widespread, and women’s sexual promiscuity, activity, and enjoyment are almost always judged and punished more harshly than men’s. It remains disputed, however, to what end people suppress sexuality, and who benefits from the suppression of female sexuality. Different theories predict that women in general, men in general, women’s intimate partners, or parents benefit most. Here we use the lies women and men tell—or imagine telling—about their sexual histories as an indirect measure of who is (...) most involved in the suppression of sexuality. We asked men and women what they would reply if asked questions by their mother, father, current partner, attractive confederate, and various same- or opposite-sex friends and colleagues about their number of previous sex partners, age at first romantic kiss, age at first consensual sex, and cheating on a previous partner or spouse. By comparing the size and direction of the lies that subjects told, we tested competing predictions of several cultural and evolutionary theories concerning why female sexuality is suppressed and who is driving its suppression. We found that men and women told larger and more frequent lies to their parents, with women telling the largest and most frequent lies of all to their fathers. Additionally, the majority of lies by both men and women were in sexually conservative directions. Our findings suggest that mothers, and especially fathers, restrict female sexuality. (shrink)

Pretende-se com este artigo demonstrar que a Darstellung, em seu uso técnico, concerne, sobretudo, às objetidades da Vontade, mas também à sua autonegação. No contexto da “metafísica da vontade”, torna-se fundamental ao vocabulário schopenhaueriano estabelecer um correlato necessário da Vorstellung, especialmente quando se consolida a demonstração da complementaridade de Real e Ideal. Em síntese, a Darstellung consiste no termo pelo qual se aponta para a livre apresentação da coisa em si, conteúdo real daquilo que nos aparece determinado pelo intelecto.

Perception is not an independent, in‐the‐moment event. Instead, perceiving involves integrating prior expectations with current observations. How does this ability develop from infancy through adulthood? We examined how prior visual experience shapes visual perception in infants, children, and adults. Using an identical task across age groups, we exposed participants to pairs of colorful stimuli and implicitly measured their ability to discriminate relative saturation levels. Results showed that adult participants were biased by previously experienced exemplars, and exhibited weakened in‐the‐moment discrimination between (...) different levels of saturation. In contrast, infants and children showed less influence of memory in their perception, and they actually outperformed adults in discriminating between current levels of saturation. Our findings suggest that as humans develop, their perception relies more on prior experience and less on current observation. (shrink)

O presente ensaio parte da conhecida tese de que "conhecer é conhecer a causa", a razão de ser. Sem recusar a correção desta tese, pretende-se determinar o âmbito e o alcance próprios da mesma levando-se em conta suas limitações e consequências sobre os modos moderno e contemporâneo de pensar. Deve ser o pensamento humano apenas representacional ou não? Se não é este o caso, a referida tese afastara os filósofos do pathos originário, como devemos mostrar. Caso contrário, que nos resta (...) pensar senão produtos do intelecto? (shrink)

Este artigo tem por objetivo apresentar as concepções de alegria, graça e felicidade nas obras de Clément Rosset.

Resumo: Embora ainda sejam escassas as abordagens sobre o amor em Heidegger, tal reflexão pode ser liberada em múltiplos sentidos, sendo objetivo do presente artigo apontar para um deles, talvez o mais abrangente. Para tanto, após introduzirmos breves considerações acerca de trabalhos já existentes, buscamos privilegiar aqui, de início, a centralidade, não do amor como um conceito na obra de Heidegger, mas do sentido do amor em sua própria concepção de Filosofia, tal como ele parece assumir. Todavia, a restrição a (...) esse aspecto da questão pode fazer com que caia em segundo plano algo mais essencial, a saber, que o amor não apenas traduz a essência da atitude pensante, mas compreende toda a discussão heideggeriana sobre nosso modo de ser, da qual emerge o problema da Filosofia e a Filosofia como problema. Em seguida, portanto, partimos para a correspondência entre essa consideração mais geral e a questão das relações de amor entre humanos.: Although studies on love in Heidegger's works are rare, the question can be approached in many ways. This paper aims to discuss one aspect of the question, perhaps the most comprehensive. After a brief consideration of existing works on Heideggerian love, we start from the perspective that love is not a kind of "central concept" in Heidegger's work, but that the meaning of love is central for his concept of philosophy. Restricting our discussion to this point, however, should not let us forget a more essential understanding, which is that love not only refers to the thinking attitude, but comprehends Heidegger's entire discussion of our mode of being; from the latter emerges the problem of philosophy and philosophy as problem. We then proceed to examine the existing correspondence between this more general consideration and the question of relations of love among human beings. (shrink)

O presente artigo consiste em uma tentativa de compartilhar algumas ideias no que tange à ambiguidade no atual contexto de pandemia. Embora não possamos de modo algum chegar a alguma solução, tampouco a uma resposta clara para cada um dos problemas envolvidos, certamente podemos colocar questões acerca dos limites da Política e das políticas de Saúde Pública. Por fim, podemos ainda pensar sobre a impossibilidade moral trazida por esse cenário.

In view of misguidance found in democratic States concerning their grounding liberal model, some analysts are inclined to declare the bankrupt of liberalism, as well there are others who consider it not yet achieved. This paper aims to indicate in Locke’s political theory some intrinsic limitations of this model itself that has as result its very non-sustainability at long date.

O que é sonho, que relação tem com a efetividade, como pode ser diferenciado dela e, finalmente, o que antes de tudo o torna possível? Eis o tipo de questões que uma doutrina dos sonhos deveria responder. De fato, algumas linhas a respeito disso eram encontradas na obra sobre o princípio de fundamento suficiente, de 1813, mas Schopenhauer abandonou sua tese original no decorrer das décadas seguintes. O presente artigo pretende destacar as mudanças de pensamento de Schopenhauer ao longo do (...) tempo e apontar um conjunto de problemas deixados para trás sem solução. Inclui uma tradução do § 22 da Dissertação para o português. (shrink)

A relação entre ética e metafísica e a própria determinação do que se entende por ética e por metafísica, como bem se sabe, são flexionadas de múltiplas maneiras, frequentemente conflitantes, na tradição que denominamos filosófica. Penso que seja produtivo empregar a perspectiva de uma filosofia transcendental que tem Kant e Fichte como os seus interlocutores fundamentais.

O pessimismo pode ser encontrado sob diversas formas na obra de Schopenhauer, embora não haja para o pessimismo em geral uma definição precisa. Ele se mostra antes de tudo como uma espécie de valoração da existência tal como o otimismo, seu contrário. Procuro mostrar que o “pessimismo schopenhaueriano” não deve ser tomado como um pressuposto ou postulado acerca do ser originário, tampouco como mero resultado da experiência de vida. Pelo contrário, trata-se da consequência final da crítica da razão que leva (...) à total refutação de toda e qualquer forma de dogmatismo defensor de uma razão para a existência do mundo. Essa consequência abrange todas as questões filosóficas, mas, segundo suas premissas epistemológicas, mantém-se como uma avaliação crítica dirigida ao mundo enquanto pensado sob o princípio de razão. Pode-se, então, dizer que esse “pessimismo” não consiste em uma doutrina filosófica sobre um mal metafísico substancial e impessoal. (shrink)

Pretende-se com este artigo encontrar um possível esclarecimento para a afirmação de Schopenhauer segundo a qual somente a Vontade é o unicamente Real, uma tese publicada pela primeira vez em A vontade na natureza que exigiria várias mudanças em sua obra capital, uma vez que se torna a definitiva demarcação do pensamento de Schopenhauer com relação a seus antecessores. Esse problema nos levou a considerar a relação entre Schopenhauer e Kant em vista de descobrir o sentido próprio dessa tese, bem (...) como o de alguns aspectos da crítica levantada pelo primeiro contra o segundo. Nesse sentido, aproveita-se para destacar muitas passagens novas ausentes na edição de 1819 de O mundo como vontade e representação, além de uma cuidadosa consideração de suas anotações ao exemplar pessoal. (shrink)

The study aimed to examine the psychometric properties of the coronavirus anxiety scale during the coronavirus disease 2019 delta epidemic. A total of 2,116 participants on the Chinese mainland completed the online survey. We employed exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis to investigate the factor structure. The findings showed that the one-factor model of the CAS Chinese version fitted perfectly with the data. The multigroup CFAs showed the measurement invariance across gender and age groups. We also examined the CAS’s (...) internal consistency and convergent and concurrent validity. The results demonstrated that the one-factor model had good reliability and convergent and concurrent validity. Overall, according to our findings, the CAS Chinese version was reliable for measuring coronavirus anxiety during the COVID-19 delta outbreak. (shrink)

The coronavirus disease 2019 continues to spread globally. This infectious disease affects people not only physically but also psychologically. Therefore, an effective psychological intervention program needs to be developed to improve the psychological condition of patients screened for fever during this period. This study aimed to investigate the effect of a brief mindfulness intervention on patients with suspected fever in a screening isolation ward awaiting results of the COVID-19 test. The Faces Scale and the Emotional Thermometer Tool were used to (...) investigate 51 patients who were randomly divided into an intervention group and a control group. All patients completed self-rating questionnaires online at the time they entered the isolation ward and before they were informed of the results. The intervention group listened to the mindfulness audios through hospital broadcasts in the isolation ward before their lunch break and while they slept. Compared with the control group, the intervention group’s life satisfaction score increased and the emotional thermometer score decreased. The anxiety scores and the needing help scores decreased significantly. Distress, depression, and anger also decreased, but did not reach significance. Brief mindfulness interventions can alleviate negative emotions and improve the life satisfaction of patients in the isolation ward who were screened for COVID-19 during the waiting period. (shrink)

Forty years after Dax Cowart fought to have his voice heard regarding his medical treatment, patient autonomy and rights are at the heart of patient care today. Yet, despite its centrality in patient care, the tension between a severely burned patient’s right to stop treatment and the physician’s role in saving a life has not abated. As this case study explores, barriers remain to hearing and respecting a patient’s treatment decisions. Dismantling these barriers involves dispelling the myths that burn patients (...) must grin and bear intense pain to recover and that a patient’s choice to discontinue treatment equals physician failure. Moreover, in these situations, sustained, direct engagement between physician and patient can reduce the moral distress of all involved and enable physicians to hear and better accept when a patient is calling for the end of the day. (shrink)

Most ethicists have paid little attention to the rhetorical features of case presentations. In order to examine the constructed nature of bioethics cases, this paper examines the literary characteristics of four presentations of Donald “Dax” Cowart's story. By comparing tellings of the same case, a pattern of redaction is revealed by which the tellers conceal the very features that would challenge the perspectives taken in their arguments. In conclusion, the issue of the applied nature of bioethics is examined.

Volume 19, Issue 9, September 2019, Page 8-10.

Ecological objectives in environmental reports usually promise a high degree of environmental responsibilities in a company’s activities. Several studies have already highlighted that most companies do not keep their promises since stakeholders’ expectations and a company’s capabilities for internal adjustments do not always match. Thus, a company might use strategic reporting in order not to endanger its legitimacy. However, no study so far has demonstrated how companies use different legitimacy strategies in reporting their environmental objectives over time. To achieve this (...) in our study, we focus primarily on findings from legitimacy theory in combination with the legitimacy strategies suggested by Lindblom Social and environmental accounting: developing the field, Sage, Los Angeles, pp 51–63, 2010). To test our theoretical framework empirically, we analyze 260 corporate environmental reports of German DAX companies between the years 2000–2014 by coding all disclosed objectives within these reports. Based on this longitudinal approach, we are able to identify reporting patterns of the different companies that provide insights into those companies’ environmental reporting legitimacy strategies. Overall, this study contributes to research on voluntary disclosure by showing that a comprehensive analysis of the reporting pattern of disclosed objectives allows the identification of certain legitimacy strategies. (shrink)

The recent in vitro derivation of gamete‐like cells from mouse embryonic stem (mES) cells is a major breakthrough and lays down several challenges, both for the further scientific investigation and for the bioethical and biolegal discourse. We refer here to these cells as gamete‐like (sperm‐like or oocyte‐like, respectively), because at present there is still no evidence that these cells behave fully like bona fide sperm or oocytes, lacking the fundamental proof, i.e. combination with a normally derived gamete of the opposite (...) sex to yield a normal individual. However, the results published so far do show that these cells share some defining features of gametes. We discuss these results in the light of the bioethical and legal questions that are likely to arise would the same process become possible with human embryonic stem (hES) cells. (shrink)

In the Western studies of the texts of Mozi, three distinctive views have surfaced in the past few decades: (1) Mozi is inconsistent because he seems to have been committed to both a Utilitarian standard and a divine command theory; (2) Mozi is a divine command theorist who argues that it is right to benefit the world because it is the will of heaven; and (3) Mozi is a utilitarian thinker who has based morality on the criterion of whether actions (...) benefit the world. In this paper, I will argue that the whole debate about whether Mozi is a divine command theorist or a utilitarian is misguided, because it is based on an incorrect understanding of the fundamental cultural perspective associated with the notion of Tian. An adequate understanding of the notion of Tian will reveal its fundamental difference from the Western notion of heaven. Such an understanding will enable us to put Mozi's moral philosophy in the ancient Chinese perspective in which a tension and potential conflict between ‘the will of heaven’ and ‘the benefit of the world’ simply cannot arise. (shrink)

This paper explores the ways in which truth is better than falsehood, and suggests that, among other things, it depends on the kinds of proposition to which these values are attached. Ordinary singular propositions like “It is raining” seem to fit best the bivalent “scheme” of classical logic, the general proposition “It is always raining” is more appropriately rated according to how often it rains, and a “practically vague” proposition like “The lecture will start at 1” is appropriately rated according (...) to its nearness to exactness. Implications for logic of this “rating system” are commented on. (shrink)

(1992). The Effects of a Social Studies Course on the Philosophic Orientations of History and Geography Graduate Students in Botswana. Educational Studies: Vol. 18, No. 2, pp. 235-243.

(2008). A Case of Melancholic Humors and Dilucida Intervalla. Intellectual History Review: Vol. 18, Humanism and Medicine in the Early Modern Era, pp. 139-154.

Summary Two cohorts of teachers working full?time in Church of England voluntary?aided and voluntary?controlled first, primary and middle (deemed primary) schools within the Diocese of St Edmundsbury and Ipswich were invited to complete a questionnaire concerned with teaching styles in 1982 and again in 1996. The data demonstrate a significant shift toward placing greater value on traditional teaching styles between 1982 and 1996.

Summary This study was conducted in Slovenia, and explored the views of a sample of 226 pupils (aged 14?15 years) regarding their motivation to learn English and the views of a sample of 95 student teachers regarding their motivation to become a teacher of English. The data consisted of two questionnaires. The first questionnaire asked the pupils to rate the importance of each of 15 reasons for wanting to learn English. The most frequent reasons given by pupils were ?Because English (...) is an international language?, ?Because English helps me with advanced study? and ?Because English will help me with my future career?. The second questionnaire asked the student teachers to rate the importance of each of 20 reasons in influencing their decision to become a teacher of English. The most frequent reasons given by the student teachers were ?I enjoy the subject I will teach?, ?English is important to me? and ?I want to help children succeed?. The findings are further explored in terms of the relative importance of the different types of motivation involved. (shrink)

Summary Recent evidence from Diocesan and Office for Standards in Education inspections under the Education Act 1992 seems to suggest that while pupils in Catholic schools in England and Wales obtain high levels of academic success at Key Stage Two and Key Stage Four compared with those attending other schools in the maintained sector, their achievements in Advanced level examinations are lower than one would expect. The article points to evidence of a similar long?standing pattern of performance of pupils in (...) Catholic schools and speculates on some possible causes of the phenomenon. (shrink)

The existence of conflicting messages on the role and status of the university is linked to a wider paradox of values about science in society. Value is attributed to science and assumed by the university in the context of the move to knowledge‐based economies and societies, yet this has not been accompanied by a systematic and balanced debate about the values that should underpin socio‐economic change. Questions are then raised about both the effectiveness of public policy and the role of (...) universities in society. A reconnection between the application and production of knowledge is needed, as well as the reinsertion of a normative framework for guiding and shaping change within universities. Only under such conditions can a meaningful debate on the roles of universities as places of expectation and spaces for reflection be realized. (shrink)

Summary Background. Aims. Sample. Method. Results. Conclusion. The paper considers aberrant behaviour in the context of cognitive style with reference to both diagnosis and treatment. The aims of the study were to investigate whether the style of pupils with behaviour problems was different from that of children with no reported problems, and also to consider how pupils of different style manifested their problem behaviours. The sample comprised 83 male pupils aged 10?18 years from two residential special schools. The sample were (...) given the Cognitive Styles Analysis to assess their positions on the Wholist?Analytic and Verbal?Imagery style dimensions. The pupil records of the special school pupils who were at the extreme of the style dimensions were also examined. When their style characteristics were contrasted with a Comparison Sample of 413 12?16?year?old males attending 10 secondary schools, the special school pupils had a significantly higher proportion of both Wholists and Verbalisers, than the Comparison Group. Further, the inspection of the records indicated that the types of social behaviour and behaviour problems exhibited varied with style, and particularly on the Wholist?Analytic dimension. The results were considered to have implications for the origins and treatment of problem behaviour. (shrink)