Results for 'DNA barcodes'

988 found
Order:
  1.  65
    Integrating DNA barcode data and taxonomic practice: Determination, discovery, and description.Paul Z. Goldstein & Rob DeSalle - 2011 - Bioessays 33 (2):135-147.
    DNA barcodes, like traditional sources of taxonomic information, are potentially powerful heuristics in the identification of described species but require mindful analytical interpretation. The role of DNA barcoding in generating hypotheses of new taxa in need of formal taxonomic treatment is discussed, and it is emphasized that the recursive process of character evaluation is both necessary and best served by understanding the empirical mechanics of the discovery process. These undertakings carry enormous ramifications not only for the translation of DNA (...)
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   2 citations  
  2.  32
    DNA barcoding and the changing ontological commitments of taxonomy.James W. E. Lowe & David S. Ingram - 2023 - Biology and Philosophy 38 (4):1-27.
    This paper assesses the effect of DNA barcoding—the use of informative genetic markers to identify and discriminate between species—on taxonomy. Throughout, we interpret this in terms of _varipraxis_, a concept we introduce to make sense of the treatment of biological variation by scientists and other practitioners. From its inception, DNA barcoding was criticised for being reductive, in attempting to replace multiple forms of taxonomic evidence with just one: DNA sequence variation in one or a few indicative genes. We show, though, (...)
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   1 citation  
  3.  49
    DNA barcoding in animal species: progress, potential and pitfalls.John Waugh - 2007 - Bioessays 29 (2):188-197.
    Despite 250 years of work in systematics, the majority of species remains to be identified. Rising extinction rates and the need for increased biological monitoring lend urgency to this task. DNA sequencing, with key sequences serving as a “barcode”, has therefore been proposed as a technology that might expedite species identification. In particular, the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 gene has been employed as a possible DNA marker for species and a number of studies in a variety of taxa (...)
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   5 citations  
  4.  12
    DNA barcoding: potential users.Peter M. Hollingsworth - 2007 - Genomics, Society and Policy 3 (2):1-4.
    The current popularity of DNA barcoding relates to its potential power coupled with its intuitively pleasing simplicity. It is based on the premise of using a standard short region of DNA as a universal tool for identifying organisms.2 The aim is to establish a large-scale reference sequence database against which unknown samples can be queried for identification. Where sequences are found that are divergent from others in the database, the corresponding specimens are flagged up as potential new species warranting further (...)
    No categories
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  5. The Theoretical Costs of DNA Barcoding.Monika Piotrowska - 2009 - Biological Theory 4 (3):235-239.
    I begin with a description of the benefits and limits of DNA barcoding as presented by its advocates not its critics. Next, I argue that due to the mutually dependent relationship between defining and delimiting species, all systems of classification are grounded in theory, even if only implicitly. I then proceed to evaluate DNA barcoding in that context. In particular, I focus on the barcoders’ use of a sharp boundary by which to delimit species, arguing that this boundary brings along (...)
    Direct download (4 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   1 citation  
  6. DNA barcoding and taxonomic practice.David Castle - 2014 - In R. Paul Thompson & Denis Walsh, Evolutionary biology: conceptual, ethical, and religious issues. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  7.  25
    DNA barcoding of animal species—response to DeSalle.John Waugh, Leon Huynen, Craig Millar & David Lambert - 2008 - Bioessays 30 (1):92-93.
  8.  25
    (1 other version)Barcodes and historical essences: a critique of the moderate version of intrinsic biological essentialism.Julio Torres Meléndez - 2019 - Humanities Journal of Valparaiso 14:75-89.
    The current tendency to moderate expectations that DNA barcode can be a method of discovering new species is due to the essentialist interpretation of this scientific analogy that is conceptually unsustainable. Something similar has happened in the philosophical field with the weakening of the initial versions of intrinsic biological essentialism. To examine the nature of this transition, I propose two principles that define a moderate EBI: one that assumes that the history of the taxon is metaphysically dependent on the evolution (...)
    No categories
    Direct download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  9.  29
    The Barcode of Life Initiative: Reply to Dupré, Hollingsworth and Holm.Filipe Costa & Gary Carvalho - 2007 - Genomics, Society and Policy 3 (2):1-5.
    Almost 250 years after the publication of the taxonomy-founding work Systema Naturae, by Carl Linnaeus, the inventory and catalogue of the planet's biodiversity is still far from complete: only ca 1.5 to 1.8 million of an estimated 10+ million species are so far described. Notwithstanding the remarkable merits of the Linnean system, the task is too vast ever to be completed using current conventional approaches. Such a staggering reality, and the customary difficulty that the scientific community and society in general (...)
    No categories
    Direct download (4 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  10.  32
    Base Composition, Speciation, and Why the Mitochondrial Barcode Precisely Classifies.Donald R. Forsdyke - 2017 - Biological Theory 12 (3):157-168.
    While its mechanism and biological significance are unknown, the utility of a short mitochondrial DNA sequence as a “barcode” providing accurate species identification has revolutionized the classification of organisms. Since highest accuracy was achieved with recently diverged species, hopes were raised that barcodes would throw light on the speciation process. Indeed, a failure of a maternally donated, rapidly mutating, mitochondrial genome to coadapt its gene products with those of a paternally donated nuclear genome could result in developmental failure, thus (...)
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   1 citation  
  11.  49
    Sequence Data, Phylogenetic Inference, and Implications of Downward Causation.Kirk Fitzhugh - 2016 - Acta Biotheoretica 64 (2):133-160.
    Framing systematics as a field consistent with scientific inquiry entails that inferences of phylogenetic hypotheses have the goal of producing accounts of past causal events that explain differentially shared characters among organisms. Linking observations of characters to inferences occurs by way of why-questions implied by data matrices. Because of their form, why-questions require the use of common-cause theories. Such theories in phylogenetic inferences include natural selection and genetic drift. Selection or drift can explain ‘morphological’ characters but selection cannot be causally (...)
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   1 citation  
  12.  57
    Taxonomy and Why History of Science Matters for Science.Andrew Hamilton & Quentin Wheeler - 2008 - Isis 99 (2):331-340.
    The history of science often has difficulty connecting with science at the lab-bench level, raising questions about the value of history of science for science. This essay offers a case study from taxonomy in which lessons learned about particular failings of numerical taxonomy in the second half of the twentieth century bear on the new movement toward DNA barcoding. In particular, it argues that an unwillingness to deal with messy theoretical questions in both cases leads to important problems in the (...)
    Direct download (3 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   1 citation  
  13.  23
    Evolutionary biology: conceptual, ethical, and religious issues.R. Paul Thompson & Denis Walsh (eds.) - 2014 - Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
    Evolution - both the fact that it occurred and the theory describing the mechanisms by which it occurred - is an intrinsic and central component in modern biology. Theodosius Dobzhansky captures this well in the much-quoted title of his 1973 paper 'Nothing in biology makes sense except in the light of evolution'. The correctness of this assertion is even more obvious today: philosophers of biology and biologists agree that the fact of evolution is undeniable and that the theory of evolution (...)
    Direct download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  14.  56
    Species are not uniquely real biological entities.Brent D. Mishler - 2009 - In Francisco José Ayala & Robert Arp, Contemporary debates in philosophy of biology. Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell. pp. 110--122.
    This chapter contains sections titled: Historical and Current Views of Species Return to a Darwinian View of Species Practical Implications Postscript: Counterpoint References.
    Direct download (3 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   13 citations  
  15. The Ontological Status of Species and The Dilemma of New Biological Essentialism.Huitong Zhou - manuscript
    Species is one of the most basic concepts for almost all branches of biology, and it is also one of the most controversial concepts. An important aspect of "the species problem" is the question of "what the ontological status of species is". Traditionally, the answer to the issue about "the ontological status of species" is biological essentialism. Biological essentialism claims that species is a "natural kind", which argues that all and only the members of a species have a common essence. (...)
    Direct download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  16. Barcoding Nature: Shifting Cultures of Taxonomy in an Age of Biodiversity Loss.[author unknown] - 2013
    No categories
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   2 citations  
  17.  11
    Book Review: Barcoding Nature: Shifting Cultures of Taxonomy in an Age of Biodiversity Loss. [REVIEW]Geoffrey C. Bowker - 2014 - Science, Technology, and Human Values 39 (5):759-761.
    No categories
    Direct download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  18.  17
    Real but modest gains from genetic barcoding.John Dupré - 2007 - Genomics, Society and Policy 3 (2):1-3.
    Direct download (6 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  19.  16
    DNA topoisomerases: Advances in understanding of cellular roles and multi‐protein complexes via structure‐function analysis.Shannon J. McKie, Keir C. Neuman & Anthony Maxwell - 2021 - Bioessays 43 (4):2000286.
    DNA topoisomerases, capable of manipulating DNA topology, are ubiquitous and indispensable for cellular survival due to the numerous roles they play during DNA metabolism. As we review here, current structural approaches have revealed unprecedented insights into the complex DNA‐topoisomerase interaction and strand passage mechanism, helping to advance our understanding of their activities in vivo. This has been complemented by single‐molecule techniques, which have facilitated the detailed dissection of the various topoisomerase reactions. Recent work has also revealed the importance of topoisomerase (...)
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   1 citation  
  20.  81
    DNA patents and scientific discovery and innovation: Assessing benefits and risks.David B. Resnik - 2001 - Science and Engineering Ethics 7 (1):29-62.
    This paper focuses on the question of whether DNA patents help or hinder scientific discovery and innovation. While DNA patents create a wide variety of possible benefits and harms for science and technology, the evidence we have at this point in time supports the conclusion that they will probably promote rather than hamper scientific discovery and innovation. However, since DNA patenting is a relatively recent phenomena and the biotechnology industry is in its infancy, we should continue to gather evidence about (...)
    Direct download (4 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   7 citations  
  21.  24
    DNA methylation reprogramming in cancer: Does it act by re‐configuring the binding landscape of Polycomb repressive complexes?James P. Reddington, Duncan Sproul & Richard R. Meehan - 2014 - Bioessays 36 (2):134-140.
    DNA methylation is a repressive epigenetic mark vital for normal development. Recent studies have uncovered an unexpected role for the DNA methylome in ensuring the correct targeting of the Polycomb repressive complexes throughout the genome. Here, we discuss the implications of these findings for cancer, where DNA methylation patterns are widely reprogrammed. We speculate that cancer‐associated reprogramming of the DNA methylome leads to an altered Polycomb binding landscape, influencing gene expression by multiple modes. As the Polycomb system is responsible for (...)
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   1 citation  
  22.  34
    DNA Methylation in Embryo Development: Epigenetic Impact of ART.Sebastian Canovas, Pablo J. Ross, Gavin Kelsey & Pilar Coy - 2017 - Bioessays 39 (11):1700106.
    DNA methylation can be considered a component of epigenetic memory with a critical role during embryo development, and which undergoes dramatic reprogramming after fertilization. Though it has been a focus of research for many years, the reprogramming mechanism is still not fully understood. Recent results suggest that absence of maintenance at DNA replication is a major factor, and that there is an unexpected role for TET3-mediated oxidation of 5mC to 5hmC in guarding against de novo methylation. Base-resolution and genome-wide profiling (...)
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  23.  36
    DNA supercoiling helps to unlink sister duplexes after replication.Alexander Vologodskii - 2010 - Bioessays 32 (1):9-12.
    DNA supercoiling is one of the mechanisms that can help unlinking of newly replicated DNA molecules. Although DNA topoisomerases, which catalyze the strand passing of DNA segments through one another, make the unlinking problem solvable in principle, it remains difficult to complete the process that enables the separation of the sister duplexes. A few different mechanisms were developed by nature to solve the problem. Some of the mechanisms are very intuitive while the others, like topology simplification by type II DNA (...)
    Direct download (5 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  24. The DNA Technology (Use and Application) Regulation Bill, 2019: A Critical Analysis.Deepa Kansra, Manpreet Dhillon, Mandira Narain, Prabhat Mishra, Nupur Chowdhury & P. Puneeth - 2021 - Indian Law Institute Law Review 1 (Winter):278-301.
    The aim of this paper is to explain the emergence and use of DNA fingerprinting technology in India, noting the specific concerns faced by the Indian Legal System related to the use of this novel forensic technology in the justice process. Furthermore, the proposed construction of a National DNA Data Bank is discussed taking into consideration the challenges faced by the government in legislating the DNA Bill into law. A critical analysis of the DNA Technology (Use and Application) Regulation Bill, (...)
    Direct download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  25.  19
    Recombinational DNA repair is regulated by compartmentalization of DNA lesions at the nuclear pore complex.Vincent Géli & Michael Lisby - 2015 - Bioessays 37 (12):1287-1292.
    The nuclear pore complex (NPC) is emerging as a center for recruitment of a class of “difficult to repair” lesions such as double‐strand breaks without a repair template and eroded telomeres in telomerase‐deficient cells. In addition to such pathological situations, a recent study by Su and colleagues shows that also physiological threats to genome integrity such as DNA secondary structure‐forming triplet repeat sequences relocalize to the NPC during DNA replication. Mutants that fail to reposition the triplet repeat locus to the (...)
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   2 citations  
  26.  54
    Divine dna? “Secular” and “religious” representations of science in nonfiction science television programs.Will Mason-Wilkes - 2020 - Zygon 55 (1):6-26.
    Through analysis of film sequences focusing on DNA in two British Broadcasting Corporation nonfiction science television programs, Wonders of Life and Bang! Goes the Theory, first broadcast in 2013, contrasting “religious” and “secular” representations of science are identified. In the “religious” portrayal, immutable scientific knowledge is revealed to humanity by nature with minimal human intervention. Science provides a creation story, “explanatory omnicompetence,” and makes life existentially meaningful. In the “secular” portrayal, scientific knowledge is changeable; is produced through technical skill in (...)
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   1 citation  
  27.  18
    DNA replication timing: Biochemical mechanisms and biological significance.Nicholas Rhind - 2022 - Bioessays 44 (11):2200097.
    The regulation of DNA replication is a fascinating biological problem both from a mechanistic angle—How is replication timing regulated?—and from an evolutionary one—Why is replication timing regulated? Recent work has provided significant insight into the first question. Detailed biochemical understanding of the mechanism and regulation of replication initiation has made possible robust hypotheses for how replication timing is regulated. Moreover, technical progress, including high‐throughput, single‐molecule mapping of replication initiation and single‐cell assays of replication timing, has allowed for direct testing of (...)
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  28.  20
    DNA pedagogy: between sociology of science and historical-epistemic issues (Pedagogia del DNA: tra sociologia della scienza e questioni storico-epistemiche).Teresa Celestino - 2023 - Science and Philosophy 11 (2):7-28.
    The pedagogical function of science teaching may benefit from an analysis of the historical-epistemic dimension, without neglecting the socio-political context in which a given research was carried out. In the case of DNA structure, the background of its discovery is particularly complex. Starting from the analysis of some papers, the view on the circumstances that led to their drafting broadens. We try to answer the fundamental question for any educator: why teach all that? Ethics issues are related to the general (...)
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  29.  27
    (1 other version)DNA, Species, Individuals, and Persons.David Koepsell - 2015-03-19 - In Michael Boylan, Who Owns You? Wiley. pp. 52–68.
    The sciences of genetics and genomics are revealing more all the time regarding our statuses as individuals relative to our particular genomes. Geographical isolation is presumably the greatest factor in allowing for populations of a species to change genetically over time, in response to environmental pressures and genetic drift accelerated by the mechanism of sexual reproduction. In order to develop a robust account of what rights individual members of the human species might have to either their own particular DNA or (...)
    No categories
    Direct download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  30.  32
    Integrating DNA methylation dynamics into a framework for understanding epigenetic codes.Keith E. Szulwach & Peng Jin - 2014 - Bioessays 36 (1):107-117.
    Genomic function is dictated by a combination of DNA sequence and the molecular mechanisms controlling access to genetic information. Access to DNA can be determined by the interpretation of covalent modifications that influence the packaging of DNA into chromatin, including DNA methylation and histone modifications. These modifications are believed to be forms of “epigenetic codes” that exist in discernable combinations that reflect cellular phenotype. Although DNA methylation is known to play important roles in gene regulation and genomic function, its contribution (...)
    Direct download (4 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   1 citation  
  31.  50
    DNA Fingerprinting and the Offertory Prayer: A Sermon.Kim L. Beckmann - 1999 - Zygon 34 (3):537-541.
    This Christian sermon uses a DNA lab experience as a basis for theological reflection on ourselves and our offering. Who are we to God? What determines the self that we offer? Can the alphabet of DNA shed light for us on the Word of God in our lives? This first attempt to introduce the language and laboratory environment of genetic testing (represented by DNA fingerprinting) within a parish preaching context juxtaposes liturgical, scientific, and biblical language and settings for fresh insights.
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  32.  21
    DNA replication timing: Coordinating genome stability with genome regulation on the X chromosome and beyond.Amnon Koren - 2014 - Bioessays 36 (10):997-1004.
    Recent studies based on next‐generation DNA sequencing have revealed that the female inactive X chromosome is replicated in a rapid, unorganized manner, and undergoes increased rates of mutation. These observations link the organization of DNA replication timing to gene regulation on one hand, and to the generation of mutations on the other hand. More generally, the exceptional biology of the inactive X chromosome highlights general principles of genome replication. Cells may control replication timing by a combination of intrinsic replication origin (...)
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  33.  13
    Recombinant DNA: science, ethics, and politics.John Richards (ed.) - 1978 - New York: Academic Press.
  34.  99
    From DNA- to NA-centrism and the conditions for gene-centrism revisited.Alexis De Tiège, Koen Tanghe, Johan Braeckman & Yves Van de Peer - 2014 - Biology and Philosophy 29 (1):55-69.
    First the ‘Weismann barrier’ and later on Francis Crick’s ‘central dogma’ of molecular biology nourished the gene-centric paradigm of life, i.e., the conception of the gene/genome as a ‘central source’ from which hereditary specificity unidirectionally flows or radiates into cellular biochemistry and development. Today, due to advances in molecular genetics and epigenetics, such as the discovery of complex post-genomic and epigenetic processes in which genes are causally integrated, many theorists argue that a gene-centric conception of the organism has become problematic. (...)
    Direct download (3 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   2 citations  
  35.  39
    DNA Conformation Regulates Gene Expression: The MYC Promoter and Beyond.Olga Zaytseva & Leonie M. Quinn - 2018 - Bioessays 40 (4):1700235.
    Emerging evidence suggests that DNA topology plays an instructive role in cell fate control through regulation of gene expression. Transcription produces torsional stress, and the resultant supercoiling of the DNA molecule generates an array of secondary structures. In turn, local DNA architecture is harnessed by the cell, acting within sensory feedback mechanisms to mediate transcriptional output. MYC is a potent oncogene, which is upregulated in the majority of cancers; thus numerous studies have focused on detailed understanding of its regulation. Dissection (...)
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  36.  28
    (1 other version)DNA and The Commons.David Koepsell - 2015-03-19 - In Michael Boylan, Who Owns You? Wiley. pp. 119–136.
    For nearly two decades, nonengineered human DNA was patented without challenge. The US Supreme Court recently agreed that many of those patents do not fit accurately into any currently accepted scheme of intellectual property protection. One should consider: whether DNA fits into other forms of property protection (land, moveables, chattels, etc.); whether DNA warrants a new and unique form of property protection, or whether DNA belongs to the class of objects generally considered to be as “the commons.” Current schemes of (...)
    No categories
    Direct download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  37.  51
    (1 other version)DNA Patents and Human Dignity.David B. Resnik - 2001 - Journal of Law, Medicine and Ethics 29 (2):152-165.
    Those objecting to human DNA patenting frequently do so on the grounds that the practice violates or threatens human dignity. For example, from 1993 to 1994, more than thirty organizations representing indigenous peoples approved formal declarations objecting to the National Institutes of Health's bid to patent viral DNA taken from subjects in Papua New Guinea and the Solomon Islands. Although these were not patents on human DNA, the organizations argued that the patents could harm and exploit indigenous peoples and violate (...)
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   12 citations  
  38.  41
    Commercial DNA tests and police investigations: a broad bioethical perspective.Nina F. de Groot, Britta C. van Beers & Gerben Meynen - 2021 - Journal of Medical Ethics 47 (12):788-795.
    Over 30 million people worldwide have taken a commercial at-home DNA test, because they were interested in their genetic ancestry, disease predisposition or inherited traits. Yet, these consumer DNA data are also increasingly used for a very different purpose: to identify suspects in criminal investigations. By matching a suspect’s DNA with DNA from a suspect’s distant relatives who have taken a commercial at-home DNA test, law enforcement can zero in on a perpetrator. Such forensic use of consumer DNA data has (...)
    Direct download (3 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   5 citations  
  39.  17
    DNA adenine methylation in eukaryotes: Enzymatic mark or a form of DNA damage?Matthias Bochtler & Humberto Fernandes - 2021 - Bioessays 43 (3):2000243.
    Abstract6‐methyladenine (6mA) is fairly abundant in nuclear DNA of basal fungi, ciliates and green algae. In these organisms, 6mA is maintained near transcription start sites in ApT context by a parental‐strand instruction dependent maintenance methyltransferase and is positively associated with transcription. In animals and plants, 6mA levels are high only in organellar DNA. The 6mA levels in nuclear DNA are very low. They are attributable to nucleotide salvage and the activity of otherwise mitochondrial METTL4, and may be considered as a (...)
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  40.  19
    DNA G‐Quadruplexes (G4s) Modulate Epigenetic (Re)Programming and Chromatin Remodeling.Anna Varizhuk, Ekaterina Isaakova & Galina Pozmogova - 2019 - Bioessays 41 (9):1900091.
    Here, the emerging data on DNA G‐quadruplexes (G4s) as epigenetic modulators are reviewed and integrated. This concept has appeared and evolved substantially in recent years. First, persistent G4s (e.g., those stabilized by exogenous ligands) were linked to the loss of the histone code. More recently, transient G4s (i.e., those formed upon replication or transcription and unfolded rapidly by helicases) were implicated in CpG island methylation maintenance and de novo CpG methylation control. The most recent data indicate that there are direct (...)
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  41.  55
    Silent witness, articulate collective: Dna evidence and the inference of visible traits.Amade M'charek - 2008 - Bioethics 22 (9):519-528.
    DNA profiling is a well-established technology for use in the criminal justice system, both in courtrooms and elsewhere. The fact that DNA profiles are based on non-coding DNA and do not reveal details about the physical appearance of an individual has contributed to the acceptability of this type of evidence. Its success in criminal investigation, combined with major innovations in the field of genetics, have contributed to a change of role for this type of evidence. Nowadays DNA evidence is not (...)
    Direct download (3 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   13 citations  
  42.  11
    DNA and Family Matters.Madeline Kilty - 2016 - Germany: LAP Lambert Academic Publishing.
    Under the terms of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, which Australia has ratified, children have a right to know who their genetic parents are. As a result, we have a duty to establish these facts and to make this information available for children to access should they wish to know. Introducing mandatory DNA testing of newborns and their alleged genetic parents is one viable option to ensure that this information is available for children to access. Indeed, (...)
    Direct download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  43.  50
    DNA-Banken und Treuhandschaft [DNA Banking and Trusteeship].Doris Schröder & Garrath Williams - 2002 - Ethik in der Medizin 14 (2):84-95.
    Definition of the problem:The frequency and scope of human genetic banking has increased significantly in recent years and is set to expand still further. Two of the major growth areas in medical research, pharmacogenomics and population genetics, rely on large DNA banks to provide extensive, centralised and standardised genetic information as well as clinical and personal data. This development raises ethical concerns. Arguments and conclusion: Our article focuses on the appropriateness of informed consent as a means to safeguard both research (...)
    Direct download (4 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  44. The ethics of synthetic DNA.Villalba Adrian, Anna Smajdor, Iain Brassington & Daniela Cutas - 2024 - Journal of Medical Ethics.
    In this paper, we discuss the ethical concerns that may arise from the synthesis of human DNA. To date, only small stretches of DNA have been constructed, but the prospect of generating human genomes is becoming feasible. At the same time, the significance of genes for identity, health and reproduction is coming under increased scrutiny. We examine the implications of DNA synthesis and its impact on debates over the relationship with our DNA and the ownership of our genes, its potential (...)
    Direct download (4 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  45.  14
    Eukaryotic DNA topoisomerase IIβ.Richard W. Padgett, Pradeep Das & Srikant Krishna - 1998 - Bioessays 20 (3):215-226.
    Type II DNA topoisomerase activity is required to change DNA topology. It is important in the relaxation of DNA supercoils generated by cellular processes, such as transcription and replication, and it is essential for the condensation of chromosomes and their segregation during mitosis. In mammals this activity is derived from at least two isoforms, termed DNA topoisomerase IIα and β. The α isoform is involved in chromosome condensation and segregation, whereas the role of the β isoform is not yet clear. (...)
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   5 citations  
  46. Junk or functional DNA? ENCODE and the function controversy.Pierre-Luc Germain, Emanuele Ratti & Federico Boem - 2014 - Biology and Philosophy 29 (6):807-831.
    In its last round of publications in September 2012, the Encyclopedia Of DNA Elements (ENCODE) assigned a biochemical function to most of the human genome, which was taken up by the media as meaning the end of ‘Junk DNA’. This provoked a heated reaction from evolutionary biologists, who among other things claimed that ENCODE adopted a wrong and much too inclusive notion of function, making its dismissal of junk DNA merely rhetorical. We argue that this criticism rests on misunderstandings concerning (...)
    Direct download (3 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   24 citations  
  47.  27
    DNA packaging and cutting by phage terminases: Control in phage T4 by a synaptic mechanism.Lindsay W. Black - 1995 - Bioessays 17 (12):1025-1030.
    Phage DNA packaging occurs by DNA translocation into a prohead. Terminases are enzymes which initiate DNA packaging by cutting the DNA concatemer, and they are closely fitted structurally to the portal vertex of the prohead to form a ‘packasome’. Analysis among a number of phages supports an active role of the terminases in coupling ATP hydrolysis to DNA translocation through the portal. In phage T4 the small terminase subunit promotes a sequence‐specific terminase gene amplification within the chromosome. This link between (...)
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  48.  38
    Ancient DNA: Using molecular biology to explore the past.Terence A. Brown & Keri A. Brown - 1994 - Bioessays 16 (10):719-726.
    Ancient DNA has been discovered in many types of preserved biological material, including bones, mummies, museum skins, insects in amber and plant fossils, and has become an important research tool in disciplines as diverse as archaeology, conservation biology and forensic science. In archaeology, ancient DNA can contribute both to the interpretation of individual sites and to the development of hypotheses about past populations. Site interpretation is aided by DNA‐based sex typing of fragmentary human bones, and by the use of genetic (...)
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   1 citation  
  49.  21
    DNA topoisomerases and DNA repair.C. S. Downes & R. T. Johnson - 1988 - Bioessays 8 (6):179-184.
    DNA topoisomerases are enzymes that can modify, and may regulate, the topological state of DNA through concerted breaking and rejoining of the DNA strands. They have been believed to be directly involved in DNA excision repair, and perhaps to be required for the control of repair as well. The vicissitudes of this hypothesis provide a noteworthy example of the dangers of interpreting cellular phenomena without genetic information and vice versa.
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   1 citation  
  50.  27
    DNA microarrays in the clinic: how soon, how extensively?Bertrand R. Jordan - 2007 - Bioessays 29 (7):699-705.
    Although DNA microarrays are now widely used in research settings, they have been slow to penetrate clinical practice in spite of their apparent advantages. This is due to the very different requirements for a clinical test in contrast to a research tool, and to a strict necessity for demonstrated clinical utility. There is a clear differentiation between two types of DNA array tests: “genomic” diagnostics, developed to ascertain the presence or absence of mutations, deletions or duplications, and for which clinical (...)
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   1 citation  
1 — 50 / 988