Results for 'Donal Murray'

973 found
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  1.  50
    Cooperation, Complicity & Conscience: Problems in Healthcare, Science, Law and Public Policy.Helen Watt (ed.) - 2005 - Linacre Centre.
    Cooperation in evil or wrongdoing is one of the most perplexing areas in bioethics, both for those working in the field and those seeking their advice. The papers collected in this book are written by philosophers, theologians and lawyers who have studied these problems and / or by those who have faced these problems in their own work in law, healthcare and research, and political campaigning. The volume includes both general treatments of the subject of cooperation and conscientious objection, and (...)
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  2. Mental control and attributions of blame for negligent wrongdoing.Samuel Murray, Kristina Krasich, Zachary Irving, Thomas Nadelhoffer & Felipe De Brigard - forthcoming - Journal of Experimental Psychology: General.
    Judgments of blame for others are typically sensitive to what an agent knows and desires. However, when people act negligently, they do not know what they are doing and do not desire the outcomes of their negligence. How, then, do people attribute blame for negligent wrongdoing? We propose that people attribute blame for negligent wrongdoing based on perceived mental control, or the degree to which an agent guides their thoughts and attention over time. To acquire information about others’ mental control, (...)
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  3. Varieties of update.Sarah E. Murray - 2014 - Semantics and Pragmatics 7 (2):1--53.
    This paper discusses three potential varieties of update: updates to the common ground, structuring updates, and updates that introduce discourse referents. These different types of update are used to model different aspects of natural language phenomena. Not-at-issue information directly updates the common ground. The illocutionary mood of a sentence structures the context. Other updates introduce discourse referents of various types, including propositional discourse referents for at-issue information. Distinguishing these types of update allows a unified treatment of a broad range of (...)
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  4. Within your rights: dissociating wrongness and permissibility in moral judgment.Samuel Murray, William Jiménez-Leal & Santiago Amaya - 2024 - British Journal of Social Psychology 63 (1):340 - 361.
    Are we ever morally permitted to do what is morally wrong? It seems intuitive that we are, but evidence for dissociations among judgment of permissibility and wrongness are relatively scarce. Across 4 experiments (N = 1,438), we show that people judge that some behaviors can be morally wrong and permissible. The dissociations arise because these judgments track different morally relevant aspects of everyday moral encounters. Judgments of individual rights predicted permissibility but not wrongness, while character assessment predicted wrongness but not (...)
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  5. Responsibility for forgetting.Samuel Murray, Elise D. Murray, Gregory Stewart, Walter Sinnott-Armstrong & Felipe De Brigard - 2019 - Philosophical Studies 176 (5):1177-1201.
    In this paper, we focus on whether and to what extent we judge that people are responsible for the consequences of their forgetfulness. We ran a series of behavioral studies to measure judgments of responsibility for the consequences of forgetfulness. Our results show that we are disposed to hold others responsible for some of their forgetfulness. The level of stress that the forgetful agent is under modulates judgments of responsibility, though the level of care that the agent exhibits toward performing (...)
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  6. God knows (but does God believe?).Dylan Murray, Justin Sytsma & Jonathan Livengood - 2013 - Philosophical Studies 166 (1):83-107.
    The standard view in epistemology is that propositional knowledge entails belief. Positive arguments are seldom given for this entailment thesis, however; instead, its truth is typically assumed. Against the entailment thesis, Myers-Schulz and Schwitzgebel (Noûs, forthcoming) report that a non-trivial percentage of people think that there can be propositional knowledge without belief. In this paper, we add further fuel to the fire, presenting the results of four new studies. Based on our results, we argue that the entailment thesis does not (...)
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  7. Can the mind wander intentionally?Samuel Murray & Kristina Krasich - 2020 - Mind and Language 37 (3):432-443.
    Mind wandering is typically operationalized as task-unrelated thought. Some argue for the need to distinguish between unintentional and intentional mind wandering, where an agent voluntarily shifts attention from task-related to task-unrelated thoughts. We reveal an inconsistency between the standard, task-unrelated thought definition of mind wandering and the occurrence of intentional mind wandering (together with plausible assumptions about tasks and intentions). This suggests that either the standard definition of mind wandering should be rejected or that intentional mind wandering is an incoherent (...)
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  8. That's interesting!: Towards a phenomenology of sociology and a sociology of phenomenology.Murray S. Davis - 1971 - Philosophy of the Social Sciences 1 (2):309-344.
  9.  36
    Is Genetic Exceptionalism Past Its Sell-By Date? On Genomic Diaries, Context, and Content.Thomas H. Murray - 2019 - American Journal of Bioethics 19 (1):13-15.
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  10. Effects of Manipulation on Attributions of Causation, Free Will, and Moral Responsibility.Dylan Murray & Tania Lombrozo - 2017 - Cognitive Science 41 (2):447-481.
    If someone brings about an outcome without intending to, is she causally and morally responsible for it? What if she acts intentionally, but as the result of manipulation by another agent? Previous research has shown that an agent's mental states can affect attributions of causal and moral responsibility to that agent, but little is known about what effect one agent's mental states can have on attributions to another agent. In Experiment 1, we replicate findings that manipulation lowers attributions of responsibility (...)
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  11. Nature red in tooth and claw: theism and the problem of animal suffering.Michael J. Murray - 2009 - International Journal for Philosophy of Religion 66 (3):173-177.
     
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  12. The structure of communicative acts.Sarah E. Murray & William B. Starr - 2020 - Linguistics and Philosophy 44 (2):425-474.
    Utterances of natural language sentences can be used to communicate not just contents, but also forces. This paper examines this topic from a cross-linguistic perspective on sentential mood. Recent work in this area focuses on conversational dynamics: the three sentence types can be associated with distinctive kinds of conversational effects called sentential forces, modeled as three kinds of updates to the discourse context. This paper has two main goals. First, it provides two arguments, on empirical and methodological grounds, for treating (...)
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  13.  29
    Good Sport: Why Our Games Matter - and How Doping Undermines Them.Thomas H. Murray - 2018 - Oup Usa.
    Good Sport argues that the values and meanings embedded within sport provide the guidance we need to make difficult decisions about fairness and performance-enhancing technologies. By examining how sport's history, rules and practices identify and celebrate natural talent and dedication, the book illuminates not just what we champion in the athletic arena but more broadly what we value in human achievement.
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  14.  53
    The Coercive Power of Drugs in Sports.Thomas H. Murray - 1983 - Hastings Center Report 13 (4):24-30.
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  15. Moralization and self-control strategy selection.Samuel Murray, Juan Pablo Bermúdez & Felipe De Brigard - 2023 - Psychonomic Bulletin and Review 30 (4):1586 - 1595.
    To manage conflicts between temptation and commitment, people use self-control. The process model of self-control outlines different strategies for managing the onset and experience of temptation. However, little is known about the decision-making factors underlying strategy selection. Across three experiments (N = 317), we tested whether the moral valence of a commitment predicts how people advise attentional self-control strategies. In Experiments 1 and 2, people rated attentional focus strategies as significantly more effective for people tempted to break moral relative to (...)
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  16. Bringing self-control into the future.Samuel Murray - 2023 - In Samuel Murray & Paul Henne, Advances in Experimental Philosophy of Action. Bloomsbury. pp. 51-72.
    The standard story about self-control states that self-control is limited, aversive, and that the function of self-control is to resist impulses or temptation. Several cases are provided that challenge this standard story. An alternative, future-oriented account of self-control is defended, where the function of self-control is to manage interference that arises from overlapping information processing pathways. This provides a computationally tractable account of self-control rooted in one’s being vigilant. Self-control manifests the maintenance dimension of vigilance. This not only provides an (...)
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  17.  58
    No exit? Intellectual integrity under the regime of 'evidence' and 'best‐practices'.Stuart J. Murray, Dave Holmes, Amélie Perron & Geneviève Rail - 2007 - Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice 13 (4):512-516.
  18.  27
    Genetics and the Moral Mission of Health Insurance.Thomas H. Murray - 1992 - Hastings Center Report 22 (6):12-17.
    Deciding whether genetic differences among individuals are morally relevant to health insurance requires us to ask, What kind of good is health care? and, What principles should govern its distribution? There are good reasons to doubt that “actuarial fairness” is an adequate description of genuine fairness in health insurance.
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  19.  85
    Care and the self: biotechnology, reproduction, and the good life.Stuart J. Murray - 2007 - Philosophy, Ethics, and Humanities in Medicine 2:6.
    This paper explores a novel philosophy of ethical care in the face of burgeoning biomedical technologies. I respond to a serious challenge facing traditional bioethics with its roots in analytic philosophy. The hallmarks of these traditional approaches are reason and autonomy, founded on a belief in the liberal humanist subject. In recent years, however, there have been mounting challenges to this view of human subjectivity, emerging from poststructuralist critiques, such as Michel Foucault's, but increasingly also as a result of advances (...)
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  20.  42
    Perception as Abduction: Turning Sensor Data Into Meaningful Representation.Murray Shanahan - 2005 - Cognitive Science 29 (1):103-134.
    This article presents a formal theory of robot perception as a form of abduction. The theory pins down the process whereby low‐level sensor data is transformed into a symbolic representation of the external world, drawing together aspects such as incompleteness, top‐down information flow, active perception, attention, and sensor fusion in a unifying framework. In addition, a number of themes are identified that are common to both the engineer concerned with developing a rigorous theory of perception, such as the one on (...)
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  21. Ask and It Will Be Given to You.Michael J. Murray & Kurt Meyers - 1994 - Religious Studies 30 (3):311 - 330.
    Consider the following situation. It is the first day of school, and the new third-grade students file into the classroom to be shown to their seats for the coming year. As they enter, the third-grade teacher notices one small boy who is particularly unkempt. He looks to be in desperate need of bathing, and his clothes are dirty, torn and tight-fitting. During recess, the teacher pulls aside the boy's previous teacher and asks about his wretched condition. The other teacher informs (...)
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  22.  16
    Triangulation Revisited.Murray Smith - unknown
    What is the relationship between detailed critical analysis and the background assumptions made by a given theory of film spectatorship? In this article, I approach this question by looking at Vittorio Gallese and Michele Guerra's The Empathic Screen in the light of the method of triangulation—the coordination and integration of phenomenological, psychological, and neuroscientific evidence, as set out in my Film, Art, and the Third Culture. In particular, I examine Gallese and Guerra's arguments concerning the role of camera movement in (...)
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  23. Robert Nozick and the Immaculate Conception of the State.Murray Rothbard - 1977 - Journal of Libertarian Studies 1 (1):45-57.
    attempt to justify the State, or at least a minimal State confined to the functions of protection. Beginning with a free-market anarchist state of nature, Nozick portrays the State as emerging, by an invisible hand process that violates no one’s rights, first as a dominant protective agency, then to an "ultra-minimal state," and then finally to a minimal state. Before embarking on a detailed critique of the various Nozickian stages, let us consider several grave fallacies in Nozick’s conception itself, each (...)
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  24.  31
    A spiking neuron model of cortical broadcast and competition.Murray Shanahan - 2008 - Consciousness and Cognition 17 (1):288-303.
    This paper presents a computer model of cortical broadcast and competition based on spiking neurons and inspired by the hypothesis of a global neuronal workspace underlying conscious information processing in the human brain. In the model, the hypothesised workspace is realised by a collection of recurrently inter-connected regions capable of sustaining and disseminating a reverberating spatial pattern of activation. At the same time, the workspace remains susceptible to new patterns arriving from outlying cortical populations. Competition among these cortical populations for (...)
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  25.  56
    A Hamblin Semantics for Evidentials.Sarah E. Murray - 2011 - In Ed Cormany, Satoshi Ito & David Lutz, Proceedings From Semantics and Linguistic Theory (Salt) Xix (2009). Clc Publications. pp. 324--341.
    In this paper, I propose that the distinction between what is at-issue and what is not can be modeled as a distinction between two components of assertion. These two components affect the common ground in different ways. The at-issue component of an assertion, which is negotiable, is treated as a proposal to update the common ground. The not-at-issue component of an assertion, which is not negotiable, is added directly to the common ground. Evidence for this proposal comes from evidentials, which (...)
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  26.  38
    A ranking of the most productive business ethics scholars: A five-year study.Murray Sabrin - 2002 - Journal of Business Ethics 36 (4):355 - 379.
    This paper presents the results of a study that counted articles and the number of pages written on business ethics and published during the five-year period 1995–1999. Individual scholars were ranked on the basis of total articles and total pages published. Institutions were also ranked based on the number of pages and articles their scholars published in selected business ethics journals. This article is the first one to rank schools and individual scholars on the basis of research productivity in business (...)
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  27.  59
    Global workspace theory emerges unscathed.Murray Shanahan & Bernard Baars - 2007 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 30 (5-6):524-525.
    Our aim in this reply is to defend Global Workspace theory (GWT) from the challenge of Block's article. We argue that Block's article relies on an outdated and imprecise concept of access, and perpetuates a common misunderstanding of GWT that conflates the global workspace with working memory. In the light of the relevant clarifications, Block's conclusion turns out to be unwarranted, and the basic tenets of GWT emerge unscathed.
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  28. What Are Families For?: Getting to an Ethics of Reproductive Technology.Thomas H. Murray - 2002 - Hastings Center Report 32 (3):41-45.
    The standard approach to the ethics of reproductive technologies starts and ends with the parents’ procreative liberty. There's much more to think about. We should start with the relationship between parents and children.
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  29.  54
    Open questions in the theory of spaces of orderings.Murray A. Marshall - 2002 - Journal of Symbolic Logic 67 (1):341-352.
  30. Poetic inspiration in early Greece.Penelope Murray - 2005 - In Andrew Laird, Ancient Literary Criticism. Oxford University Press UK.
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  31.  58
    Landscapes of Empire in Metal Gear Solid V: The Phantom Pain.Soraya Murray - 2018 - Critical Inquiry 45 (1):168-198.
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  32.  27
    The Final, Anticlimactic Rude on Baby Doe.Thomas H. Murray - 1985 - Hastings Center Report 15 (3):5-9.
    DHHS's rule on the care of imperiled newborns has a symbolic significance for the groups that struggled for compromise, but it will have a minimal impact on medical and moral decision making.
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  33.  61
    Sustainability and Property Rights in Environmental Resources.Murray Sheard - 2007 - Environmental Ethics 29 (4):389-401.
    How do we weigh the claims of current and future people when current exercise of rights to property conflict with sustainability? Are property rights over theseresources more limited due to the claims of posterity? Lockean property rights allow no right to degrade resources when doing so threatens the basic needs offuture generations. A stewardship conception of property rights can be developed, providing a justification for sustainable management legislation even whensuch law conflicts with the rights an owner would have, were the (...)
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  34. Why value values?Murray Samuel - 2018 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 41:e54.
    Doris argues that an agent is responsible for her behavior only if that behavior expresses (a relevant subset of) the agent’s values. This view has problems explaining responsibility for mistakes or episodes of forgetfulness. These problems highlight a conceptual problem with Doris’s theory of responsible agency and give us reasons to prefer an alternative (non-valuational) theory of responsible agency.
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  35. 'That's classic!' The phenomenology and rhetoric of successful social theories.Murray S. Davis - 1986 - Philosophy of the Social Sciences 16 (3):285-301.
  36.  20
    Histoire de la Langue Sanskrite.Murray Fowler & Louis Renou - 1959 - Journal of the American Oriental Society 79 (1):46.
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  37.  91
    Communication and time reversal.Murray Macbeath - 1983 - Synthese 56 (1):27 - 46.
  38.  57
    A note on Wittgenstein and Heidegger.Michael Murray - 1974 - Philosophical Review 83 (4):501-503.
  39.  15
    Introduction.John E. Murray - 1994 - In Introduction to Philosophical Hermeneutics. Yale University Press. pp. 1-16.
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  40.  56
    Time In Hegel’s Phenomenology of Spirit.Michael Murray - 1981 - Review of Metaphysics 34 (4):682 - 705.
    IN ONE of the last seminars of his life, Heidegger remarks that just as Hegel was trying to lay the definitive foundation of the modern age, so was his friend Hölderlin trying to break through the ground of the age in order to inaugurate a step beyond modernity. For this reason, Heidegger clearly regards the poet as more radical than the philosopher. Without trying myself to assess the validity of this contrast, I shall take it as a clue and argue (...)
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  41.  47
    Genetic ties and genetic mixups.T. H. Murray - 2003 - Journal of Medical Ethics 29 (2):68-69.
    In a recent case in Great Britain, a couple described as “white” underwent in vitro fertilisation and gave birth to twins described as “black”. In the sense of a fair adjudication of this particular case, serving justice requires a thick description and a sensitive understanding of the relevant facts. We have only a few facts, but they may be sufficient to serve justice in this first sense.We are told that the couple wants to keep the twins. We are told further (...)
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  42.  21
    Naming and categorization of tilted alphanumeric characters do not require mental rotation.Murray J. White - 1980 - Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society 15 (3):153-156.
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  43. Negligence and self-trust.Samuel Murray - forthcoming - Oxford Studies in Agency and Responsibility.
    Why are we accountable for negligent wrongdoing? This paper develops a contractualist account of accountability for negligent wrongdoing rooted in maintaining self-trust. Displays of negligence threaten the self-trust needed to exercise planning agency. People thus have reason to take responsibility for being negligent to defeat higher-order evidence about the unreliability of one’s planning agency. Individuals are rationally required to take responsibility for negligence in virtue of the demands of planning agency. One novel implication of this view is that taking responsibility (...)
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  44. Not what I expected: Feeling of surprise differentially mediates effect of personal control on attributions of free will and responsibility.Samuel Murray & Thomas Nadelhoffer - forthcoming - Review of Philosophy and Psychology:1-25.
    Some have argued that advances in the science of human decision-making, particularly research on automaticity and unconscious priming, would ultimately thwart our commonsense understanding of free will and moral responsibility. Do people interpret this research as a threat to their self-understanding as free and responsible agents? We approached this question by seeing how feelings of surprise mediate the relationship between personal sense of control and third-personal attributions of free will and responsibility. Across three studies (N = 1,516) we found that (...)
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  45.  20
    Human Thought and Social Organization: Anthropology on a New Plane.Murray J. Leaf & Dwight Read - 2012 - Lexington Books.
    Human beings, as a species, have two outstanding characteristics compared to all other species: the apparently enormous elaboration of our thought through language and symbolism, and the elaboration of our forms of social organization. The obvious question is whether these two characteristics are connected. ... Our view is that they are connected intimately. Thought and social organization are two aspects of the same larger phenomenon, or better the same larger bundle of phenomena. ... Here we bring the two streams of (...)
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  46.  80
    Reflexivity and Reciprocity with(out) Underspecification.Sarah E. Murray - 2008 - In Alte Grø nn, Proceedings of Sinn Und Bedeutung 12 (2007). Ilos. pp. 455--469.
    In languages like English, reflexivity and reciprocity are expressed by distinct proforms. However, many languages, such as Cheyenne, express reflexivity and reciprocity with a single proform. In this paper I utilize Dynamic Plural Logic (van den Berg, 1996) to a draw a semantic parallel between reflexive and reciprocal anaphors in English. I propose that they contribute overlapping but distinct requirements on the relations introduced by transitive verbs, requirements which fully specify reflexivity and reciprocity. This parallel is then extended to Cheyenne (...)
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  47.  44
    Cultural adaptations to the differential threats posed by hot versus cold climates.Damian R. Murray - 2013 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 36 (5):497 - 498.
    Hot and cold climates have posed differential threats to human survival throughout history. Cold temperatures can pose direct threats to survival in themselves, whereas hot temperatures may pose threats indirectly through higher prevalence of infectious disease. These differential threats yield convergent predictions for the relationship between more demanding climates and freedom of expression, but divergent predictions for freedom from discrimination.
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  48.  36
    Ethics in sport.Dale Murray - 2019 - Journal of the Philosophy of Sport 46 (2):296-300.
    Volume 46, Issue 2, July 2019, Page 296-300.
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  49. The Wartenberg-Smith Film as Philosophy Debate: A Response to Diana Neiva.Murray Smith - 2019 - American Society for Aesthetics Graduate E-Journal 11 (1):1-6.
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  50.  21
    The Resurrection Shuffle.Murray Clarke & Fred Adams - 2024 - Logos and Episteme 15 (2):207-222.
    Several years ago, John Williams posted his final response to Clarke, Adams and Barker in an ongoing debate about the status of Robert Nozick’s truth-tracking account of propositional knowledge and Fred Dretske’s early “Conclusive Reasons” account of knowledge. In this paper, we respond directly to his “Still Stuck on the Backward Clock” paper. We think that Williams’ Backward Clock Example fails against both Nozick and Dretske. Moreover, other objections by Williams against our views are shown to be either false or (...)
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