The debate over whether we can learn from art is as contentious as it is enduring. With the debate often centring on literature, recent theories claim that literature can deepen and enrich our understanding in novel and valuable ways. Contrary to this, Peter Lamarque accuses the neo-cognitivist of relying on empty metaphors of illumination and enrichment to spell out literature’s cognitive import. This paper links philosophical and psychological research to defend the neo-cognitivist against Lamarque’s charge. It highlights some of the (...) processes and mechanisms central to experiencing the cognitive impact of literary reading. These processes help the neo-cognitivist tell a robust and empirically informed story about how ‘enhanced understanding’ manifests in the experience of reading. (shrink)

The late Vivienne Westwood sketched a role for fashion that elevates it from the prosaic to the status of art, as something important, life-enhancing, and worthy of pursuit. Here, a philosophical treatment of Westwood’s vision of fashion that does justice to the artistic and life-enhancing value that fashion can realise is offered, using an emergent theory in contemporary analytic aesthetics. The virtue theory of art delineates the intrinsic worth of art in terms of the opportunities it provides for us to (...) exercise and cultivate virtues such as courage, self-expression, imagination, wit, or authenticity. Our engagement with art can subsequently be genuinely life-enhancing in lieu of the constitutive role the virtues play in living well. The present study takes Westwood’s claims as a jumping-off point, considering how they speak not just to her own designs but to our relationship with our clothes more broadly. Fashion is defended as a practice that performs this function in analogous ways to other genres of art and thus has clear artistic value as well as enables us to live well. Given this potential, just as Westwood claimed, there are reasons to perform the practice well because it has importance for the ways in which it can realise artistic value and aid us in living well. (shrink)

ObjectiveTo apply a socioecological approach to identify risk and protective factors across levels of the “sports-ecosystem,” which are associated with mental health outcomes among athletes in para-sports and non-para sports. A further aim is to determine whether para athletes have unique risks and protective factor profiles compared to non-para athletes.MethodsA cross-sectional, anonymous online-survey was provided to all categorized athletes aged 16 years and older, registered with the Australian Institute of Sport. Mental health outcomes included mental health symptoms, general psychological distress, (...) risky alcohol consumption and eating disorder risk. Risk and protective factors across multiple levels of the socioecological model, including individual, microsystem, exosystem and macrosystem level factors were assessed via self-report.ResultsA total of 427 elite athletes participated in the study. No significant differences in the rates of mental health problems were observed between para and non-para athletes. Both differences and similarities in risk and protective factor profiles were found across the multiple levels of the sports-ecosystem. Weak evidence was also found to support the hypothesis that certain risk factors, including experiencing two or more adverse life events in the past year, sports related concussion, high self-stigma, inadequate social support and low psychological safety conferred a greater risk for poorer mental health outcomes for para athletes in particular.ConclusionRisk factors occurring across various levels of the sports ecosystem, including individual, interpersonal and organizational level risk factors were found to be associated with a range of poorer mental health outcomes. The association between mental ill-health and certain risk factors, particularly those at the individual and microsystem level, appear to be greater for para athletes. These findings have important implications for policy and mental health service provision in elite sports settings, highlighting the need for more nuanced approaches to subpopulations, and the delivery of mental health interventions across all levels of the sports ecosystem. (shrink)

To better understand the gender gap in science, technology, engineering and math aspiration, the article examines the critical role of domain-specific motivation. Using longitudinal data from 5th and 6th grade students, person-oriented analyses was applied to understand the gendered motivational profiles and their longitudinal influence on achievement and STEM aspiration. Specifically, we aimed to derive motivational belief profiles regarding science, mathematics, and language, analyze the stability and change in the profiles between the 5th and 6th grade, assess the relationship between (...) motivational profiles and achievement and STEM aspiration, and test for gender differences. We derived four motivational profiles for both years: high motivation in all subjects, high mathematics motivation, low mathematics motivation, and low motivation in all subjects. Latent transition analysis revealed that most students remained in the same profile throughout the 2 years. We found evidence of gendered differences in the motivational profiles and the chance of transitioning between profiles. More girls are characterized by low math motivation, while boys are more likely to transition to higher math motivation in 6th grade. The motivational difference is reflected in their achievement, although not strongly coupled with their STEM aspiration. The findings suggest that at this developmental stage, Finnish students have not developed a strong association between STEM aspiration and their domain-specific motivation, although their motivation may have influenced their achievement. Interpretation and practical implications are discussed. (shrink)

This collection presents the English-language reader for the first time with essays that are representative of Bernstein's much-neglected revisionist period, 1901-1921. Bernstein himself suggested that this later work included significant new elements, indicating further progress in his liberal-socialist theory. Bernstein's later work acquires additional significance in light of the events of 1989, which have discredited not only Marxism-Leninism, but revolutionary Marxist theory in general, thus making the reevaluation of Bernstein's revisionism a worthwhile experience.

A Filosofia da nova música de Adorno é muito mais interessante se abordada como uma reflexão sobre as duas correntes de vanguarda que, no século XX, atacaram com mais virulência a ideia de razão: o expressionismo e o surrealismo. A crítica que Adorno opera é, ao mesmo tempo, uma homenagem. Porque, se na luta contra a razão, o expressionismo e o surrealismo aparecem como irracionais, "a arte, diz Adorno, é apesar de tudo a verdade sobre a sociedade, na medida em (...) que, em suas produções autênticas, a irracionalidade da constituição racional do mundo aparece claramente". (shrink)

El problema de la desintegración del aura, tratado inicialmente por Walter Benjamin en el último período de su filosofía y retomado por Theodor W. Adorno, ocupa un lugar central en el pensamiento de ambos autores. Pero mientras que Benjamin parece ver en la decadencia del aura ciertos aspectos liberadores, Adorno elige preservar la categoría de aura como esencial a la experiencia artística, cuestión que se encuentra conectada con el desplazamiento que, según se propondrá, opera la reflexión de Adorno de la (...) cualidad aurática al terreno específico de la música y, con ello, al ámbito de la producción, entendiendo esta cualidad como propia de la objetividad de la obra. Apoyándose en un repaso detallado del tratamiento de la categoría de aura en Benjamin y Adorno y siguiendo el traslado del problema al ámbito musical que propone Adorno, este artículo busca adentrarse en el fenómeno de la decadencia del aura en el dominio de la música a partir del análisis de una serie de obras escogidas de los compositores George Crumb, György Kurtág y Helmut Lachenmann. (shrink)

In The Logic of Scientific Discovery Karl Popper rejected psicologism, i. e., “the doctrine that statements can be justified not only by statements but also by perceptual experience”. According to him, this doctrine founders on the problem of induction and of universals. “For we can utter no scie..

INTRODUCTION Human knowledge has two central aspects that demand attention: On one hand, it is a social construct and on the other it aspires to be ...

'Caractère', 'densité', 'texture', 'bloc', 'trait', 'profil', 'figure' ou encore 'énergie'... : ces termes, s'ils sont souvent convoqués dans le discours musicologique se référant aux oeuvres des XXe et XXIe siècles, résistent à la clôture d'une définition. De telles notions mobilisent différentes dimensions de l'écriture mais aussi - et peut-être surtout - cherchent chacune à désigner un aspect qualitatif du musical, ce 'devenir illimité' du discours, difficile à neutraliser et à rationaliser. Le colloque organisé à l'Université Paris 8, intitulé 'Manières d'être (...) du musical', dont nous éditons aujourd'hui les actes, proposait ainsi de 'connaître l'individu à travers l'individuation plutôt que l'individuation à partir de l'individu' en interrogeant les outils compositionnels et les catégories qualitatives de l'écriture ayant pour fonction de différencier le musical en comportements ou manières d'être singuliers'"--Page 4 of cover. (shrink)

This paper focuses on the conceptual relationship between rationality and progress as applied to scientific development. The concept of methodology is used in the sense of a model of scientific change. It is argued, as against e.g. recent discussion by Larry Laudan, that progress implies rationality. The notion of rationality useful for this conception of scientific development includes instrumental rationality, butalso the idea of rational paradigm-shift, which is analysed in terms of changes of conceptual frameworks. The key idea is the (...) posibility of a rational reconstruction of series of conceptual frameworks, where the shift from one framework to its successor may be reconstructed as rational in the sense of there being reasons in the successor for accepting the change, and thus the whole series being rational. (shrink)

En este artículo se critica la concepción según la cual la tecnología está libre de valores y que en sí misma no plantea problemas éticos. Frente a ella, se defiende la concepción de acuerdo con la cual las personas y los fines que ellas persiguen intencionalmente forman parte de los sistemas técnicos mismos, al igual que los conocimientos y creencias que se ponen en juego al operar esos sistemas; y, por tanto, la tecnología ya no puede concebirse como indiferente al (...) bien y al mal. Se analiza, además, el problema que afrontaron los científicos Mario Molina y Sherwood Rowland —Premios Nobel de Química 1995— en sus estudios sobre el agujero de la capa de ozono en la atmósfera terrestre, para ilustrar, por un lado, que es factible actuar de manera responsable en una situación en la que un sistema técnico está produciendo daños, aun cuando no exista evidencia contundente para aceptar una relación causal entre la operación del sistema y los daños en cuestión; y, por otro lado, que hay situaciones en las que los científicos y los tecnólogos tienen responsabilidades morales qua científicos y tecnólogos. El artículo concluye con una revisión de los deberes para los científicos y tecnólogos, para el Estado y las instituciones de educación e investigación, así como para los ciudadanos en general, con respecto a ciertos problemas éticos que plantea la tecnología. (shrink)

En este trabajo se ofrecen razones por las cuales tiene sentido el exhorto “pensar en español”. Se parte del reconocimiento de que no existe un único idioma español, sino que en realidad en los diferentes países iberoamericanos, incluso en sus diferentes regiones, se hablan diferentes “españoles” (como lenguas). Sin embargo, hay un traslape importante entre todas ellas, lo cual permite referirnos al español como idioma común. La razón central por la que importa seguir pensando en español es que la identidad (...) de la realidad iberoamericana depende, literalmente, de que en el pasado se haya pensado en español y su futuro depende de que lo sigamos haciendo. La existencia y la identidad de la comunidad iberoamericana dependen de que su memoria y su proyecto común futuro se articulen adecuadamente. La comunidad de pensamiento tiene una responsabilidad fundamental para lograr esa articulación. Pero no debemos pensar sólo en nuestros problemas locales y regionales, sino que debemos hacerlo también sobre los problemas de orden global, por ejemplo, el de la construcción de una sociedad global, justa, plural y democrática. (shrink)

The book makes a direct contribution to the connection between phenomenology and cognitive science.

"Allerdings, das ist eine grosse Frage, der ich zu sehr ausgewichen bin, die Evidenz des Ich als ein Identisches, das also doch nicht in dem Bündel bestehen kann." (Husserl, 1907) Bekanntlich verwirft Husserl in den Logischen Untersuchungen die Auffassung, "dass die Beziehung auf das Ich etwas zum we sentlichen Bestande des intentionalen Erlebnisses selbst Gehöriges sei'',! und bildet um 1907, nach Einführung der phänomenolo gischen Reduktion, "die Beziehung auf das Ich zu unterlassen, oder von ihr zu abstrahieren" geradezu die Bedingung, (...) ein "reines Phänomen im Sinne der Phänomenologie" 2 zu gewinnen. Und bekanntlich heisst es demgegenüber in den Ideen von 1913: "Unter den allgemeinen Wesenseigentümlichkeiten des tran szendental gereinigten Erlebnisgebietes gebührt eigentlich die erste Stelle der Beziehung auf das,reine' Ich",3 und revidiert Husserl in der zweiten Auflage der Logischen Untersuchungen von 4 1913 seine Stellungnahme zur Frage des reinen Ich. Weniger bekannt ist bisher, wie Husserl auf seinem Denkweg von der einen zur anderen Stellungnahme zum Problem des Ich gekommen ist. Was bewegte ihn, das "Ich" in die phänomeno logische Problematik einzubeziehen? Zu vermuten war, dem Wandel in der Stellung zum Problem des Ich liege ein Wandel im Verständnis der Phänomenologie selbst zugrunde. Welche Phänomene motivierten, auf dem phänomenologischen Boden selbst, die Einbeziehung des Ich? Vor allem dieser Frage gehen wir, unter Berücksichtigung des Nachlassmaterials des Husserl Archivs (Leuven), in unserer Studie nach. (shrink)

"Like Hanslick, Professor Payzant is both musician and philosopher; and he has brought the knowledge and insights of both disciplines to this large undertaking." --Gordon Epperson, _Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism_.

Alex Oliver and Timothy Smiley provide a new account of plural logic. They argue that there is such a thing as genuinely plural denotation in logic, and expound a framework of ideas that includes the distinction between distributive and collective predicates, the theory of plural descriptions, multivalued functions, and lists.