Presenting the first book-length study in English of Aristotle's Sophistical Refutations, this work takes a fresh look at this seminal text on false reasoning.

Advocates for re-localizing food systems often encourage consumers to support local farmers and strengthen local food economies. Yet, local food systems hinge not only on consumers’ willingness to buy local food but also on whether farmers have the social support networks to address diverse challenges during food production and distribution. This study characterizes the challenges and support systems of farmers selling to local markets in Québec, Canada, across multiple growing seasons using a mixed-methods research design. We sent an online questionnaire (...) to 1046 farmers and conducted follow-up interviews with 15 of the 133 respondents. Our findings show that farmers relied on an average of four support actor groups, particularly employees, customers, and other farmers. Actors played distinct roles in terms of the importance, frequency, and formality of interactions, providing immediate and long-term support through formal and informal relationships across multiple spatial scales (farm, local community, and regional/international). Our thematic analysis showed that support actors helped farmers in four key domains: (1) Knowledge sharing and emotional support; (2) Labour and workforce; (3) Material and financial aid; and (4) Consumer education and business promotion. Farmer associations provided resources to tackle various challenges, acting as bridges across multiple support actor groups. Yet, our results suggest that political desires to encourage local food systems are in some cases poorly matched with resources to address specific types of challenges farmers face. Specifically, overlooking the role of diverse social support actors in helping farmers build food production and distribution capacity could undermine efforts to foster localization. (shrink)

Hans-Ludwig Schreiber hat über 300 Schriften zur Rechtstheorie und Rechtsphilosophie, zum Straf- und Strafprozessrecht sowie zum Medizin- und Biorecht verfasst. Da viele der grundlegenden Arbeiten an heute schwer zugänglichen Orten veröffentlicht wurden, bleiben seine Schriften in einer Auswahl mit diesem Band der Fachwelt dauerhaft zugänglich.

Olaf Müller presents a supposedly empirically equivalent theory to Newtonian optics, which in his view is therefore threatened by underdetermination. This threat could even be expanded to modern physics, since this branch of physics is partly based on Newton’s theory. In this paper, I will show that Müller’s alternative theory contains an ill-defined concept, viz. the definition of whiteness as the absence of optical causal factors. This results from a fundamental property of whiteness: for every source of white light there (...) exist metameric sources. I further argue that this cannot be reconciled by borrowing other concepts from modern physics, as is, I will show, tacitly presupposed in Müller’s argument. As a consequence, his alternative theory is not empirically equivalent to Newtonian optics and his argument in favour of underdetermination fails. (shrink)

Die Probleme, die in dieser Arbeit entwickelt werden und deren Losung versucht wird, haben den Autor sowohl durch sein juristisches Studium als auch seine praktische Ausbildung begleitet. Sie sind in ihrer Aktualitat so beharrlich, weil sie gleichwohl bei der juristischen Alltagsarbeit auftauchen wie auch den Hohenflug juristischer Theorienbildung begleiten. rch hoffe, daB die Arbeit beiden Unternehmungen dienlich ist. Dank schul de ich Herrn Prof. Dr. ULRICH KLUG, der in angenehmster Weise durch wertvolle Anregungen sowohl vor Irrtiimern zu bewahren als auch (...) zur Fortfiihrung der Arbeit zu ermuntern wuBte. Herrn Prof. Dr. GERHARD KEGEL verdanke ich die Gelegenheit, meine Konzeption an rechts­ vergleichendem Material priifen zu konnen. Und nicht zuletzt verdanke ich meine Zuversicht allen Wissenschaftlern, die ihre Freude in dem gleichen Wagstiick fanden, der Wahrheit zu dienen. Wer der Wahrheit die nt, dient dem Recht. Und nur wer der Wahrheit dient, kann dem Recht dienen. Koln, Juni 1966 RUPERT SCHREIBER Inhaltsverzeichnis Einleitung........ (shrink)

Interpreting the world through a social lens is a central characteristic of human cognition. Humans ascribe intentions to the behaviors of other individuals and groups. Humans also make inferences about others’ emotional and mental states. This capacity for social attribution underlies many of the concepts at the core of legal and political systems. The developing scientific understanding of the neural mechanisms used in social attribution may alter many earlier suppositions. However, just as often, these new methods will lead back to (...) old conundrums. Cognitive neuroscience will not dispel the hard problems of social judgment. (shrink)

What kind of challenge does sexual and racial difference pose for postmodern ethics? What is the relation between ethical obligation and feminist interpretations of embodiment, passion, and eros? How can we negotiate between ethical responsibility for the Other and democratic struggles against domination, injustice, and equality, on the one hand, and internal conflicts within the subject, on the other? We cannot address such questions, Ziarek argues, without putting into dialogue discourses that have hitherto been segregated: postmodern ethics, feminism, race theory, (...) and the idea of radical democracy. Addressing a constellation of diverse thinkers - including Emmanuel Levinas, Patricia Williams, Jean-François Lyotard, Michel Foucault, Frantz Fanon, Julia Kristeva, and Luce Irigaray - the author proposes a new conception of ethics, an ethics of dissensus that rethinks the relation between freedom and obligation in a double context of embodiment and antagonism. (shrink)

Experimental emotion inductions provide the strongest causal evidence of the effects of emotions on psychological and physiological outcomes. In the present qualitative review, we evaluated five common experimental emotion induction techniques: visual stimuli, music, autobiographical recall, situational procedures, and imagery. For each technique, we discuss the extent to which they induce six basic emotions: anger, disgust, surprise, happiness, fear, and sadness. For each emotion, we discuss the relative influences of the induction methods on subjective emotional experience and physiological responses. Based (...) on the literature reviewed, we make emotion-specific recommendations for induction methods to use in experiments. (shrink)

Christian Jakob Kraus (1753–1807), political economist and Professor of Practical Philosophy at the University of Königsberg, has long been neglected by historians, dismissed as a translator, a teacher, and a derivative disciple of Adam Smith. This article posits sociability as a useful category for understanding Kraus’s life, thought, and legacy. It aims to thereby reposition him as a meaningful figure in the late German Enlightenment. First, Kraus is presented as a natural Einsiedler who, surrounded by the commercially vibrant Königsberg, comes (...) to champion a methodology foregrounding praxis, lived experience, and the application of ideas for communal benefit. This ‘sociable’ approach to knowledge is contextualised within broader critiques of scholarly esotericism across Germany. Second, his work is treated as a case study elucidating the interdependence of individualism and sociability in the wider European Enlightenment. I argue that Kraus expressed a ‘sociable individualism,’ drawing upon Smith and Immanuel Kant, which harmonised autonomy and community. (shrink)

Among the many discussions Kierkegaard had with his Copenhagen contemporaries, his dispute with the Icelandic theologian Magnús Eiríksson over Kierkegaard’s theory of faith is particularly noteworthy. In the various drafts that Kierkegaard developed in response to Eiríksson’s critique, one finds insightful remarks not only on „the absurd“ and „the paradox“ as foundational concepts of Kierkegaard’s theory of faith, but also on the different perspectives of the various pseudonyms in this respect within the intricate tapestry of his writings. Notably, these drafts (...) were omitted from the authoritative Danish edition of Kierkegaard’s works, Søren Kierkegaards Skrifter (SKS), and have remained largely untranslated into other languages. In this workshop report, Kierkegaard’s drafts are made accessible and presented in their entirety for the first time in German translation. (shrink)

Ewa Ziarek fully articulates a feminist aesthetics, focusing on the struggle for freedom in women's literary and political modernism and the devastating impact of racist violence and sexism. She examines the contradiction between women's transformative literary and political practices and the oppressive realities of racist violence and sexism, and she situates these tensions within the entrenched opposition between revolt and melancholia in studies of modernity and within the friction between material injuries and experimental aesthetic forms. Ziarek's political and aesthetic investigations (...) concern the exclusion and destruction of women in politics and literary production and the transformation of this oppression into the inaugural possibilities of writing and action. Her study is one of the first to combine an in-depth engagement with philosophical aesthetics, especially the work of Theodor W. Adorno, with women's literary modernism, particularly the writing of Virginia Woolf and Nella Larsen, along with feminist theories on the politics of race and gender. By bringing seemingly apolitical, gender-neutral debates about modernism's experimental forms together with an analysis of violence and destroyed materialities, Ziarek challenges both the anti-aesthetic subordination of modern literature to its political uses and the appreciation of art's emancipatory potential at the expense of feminist and anti-racist political struggles. (shrink)

The very name of Bihar, a district in the eastern part of India, evokes images of anarchy, banditry, and disarray. Already traversed by distinct cultural zones - Bhojpuri, Mithila, Magadha, and the tribal zone of Jharkhand - Bihari society is characterized by bloody clan conflict over territorial rights. The doggedness with which the region's protagonists form militias is a perpetual source of front-page news. Pitted against the Brahmans and Bhumihar Rajputs, the large landowners, are the herding and soldier castes such (...) as the livestock-herding Yadavas, the farming Kurmis, and the former saltpeter miners, the Noniyas, whose economic, social, and political growth has given them real power. And although Magadha's rich Buddhist past attracts pilgrims and tourists, and Mithila's beautiful painted murals and villages draw art connoisseurs, Bihar ranks as one of the least safe regions of India. The rate of banditry and other crime reaches surprising levels. (shrink)

Since the Kierkegaard Studies Monograph Series (KSMS) was first published in 1997, it has served as the authoritative book series in the field. Starting from 2011 the Kierkegaard Studies Monograph Series will intensify the peer-review process with a new editorial and advisory board. KSMS is published on behalf of the Søren Kierkegaard Research Centre at the University of Copenhagen. KSMS publishes outstanding monographs in all fields of Kierkegaard research. This includes Ph.D. dissertations, Habilitation theses, conference proceedings and single author works (...) by senior scholars. The goal of KSMS is to advance Kierkegaard studies by encouraging top-level scholarship in the field. The editorial and advisory boards are deeply committed to creating a genuinely international forum for publication which integrates the many different traditions of Kierkegaard studies and brings them into a constructive and fruitful dialogue. To this end the series publishes monographs in English and German. Potential authors should consult the Submission guidelines. All submissions will be blindly refereed by established scholars in the field. Only high-quality manuscripts will be accepted for publication. Potential authors should be prepared to make changes to their texts based on the comments received by the referees. (shrink)

Presents the basic words, definitions, and doctrinal systems of four wisdom teachings of the East.

The uniqueness of the parallel lines is independent from the analogous statement on parallel planes and the usual further axioms of three-dimensional affine geometry. MSC: 51A15, 03F65.

1. Aufgabenstellung Die Allgemeine Rechtslehre, wie sle 1m folgenden entwim.elt wird, hat sich zur Aufgabe gesetzt, eine Einfiihrung in eine wis­ senschaftliche Rechtswissenschaft zu geben. Gegenstand aller rechtswissenschaftlichen Disziplinen ist die Erforschung bestimmter Rechtsordnungen oder Teile davon. Da Rechtsordnungen nur durch Normensysteme abgebildet werden konnen, hangt der Zugang zu allen Rechtsordnungen - den realisierten und gedachten - von der Kenntnis der Lehre von den Normensystemen abo Die vorliegende Allgemeine Rechts­ lehre ist deshalb konsequenterweise die Lehre von den Normen­ systemen. 2. (...) Gliederung Als erstes wird eine kurze Darstellung des Gegenstandes der Allgemeinen Rechtslehre gegeben: die Rechtsordnungen. Daran schliefit sich der engere Gegenstandsbereich der Allgemeinen Rechtslehre: die Systeme von Rechtsnormen. Zunachst wird der Aufbau von Normensystemen entwim.elt. Hier werden die einzelnen Satzarten entwim.elt, die notwendig und hinreichend sind, um ein Normensystem zu formulieren, und schliefilich wird die Systembildung aus diesen Satzarten selbst dargestellt. Sodann werden die Verwendungsmoglichkeiten von Nor­ mensystemen untersucht. Mit der Darstellung der in der Rechts- 1 wirklichkeit vorkommenden Verwendungsarten wird gleichzei­ tig die Trennung unterschiedlicher Schichten komplexer Rechts­ ordnungen ermoglicht. Es folgt die Untersuchung einer Reihe wichtiger Eigenschaf­ ten von Normensystemen mit dem Zweck, die Konstruktion und die Analyse leistungsfahiger Normensysteme zu ermog­ lichen. Schliemich werden die Ideologien definiert, ihre Erschei­ nungsformen aufgezeigt, ihre Auswirkungen analysiert und Moglichkeiten ihrer Auflosung entwickelt. (shrink)

For some, ‘transformation’ is the new non-reductive and non-normative ‘development’, attracting attention from interdisciplinary array, but of particular theoretical and practical interest to Spirituality scholars. In philosophical context, transformation theory has suffered greatly from ’agency-structure’ dualism and suspension of ontology in body-mind dualism and rationalist virtue controversy. Drawing on the work of Bhaskar, Segal and Slote, a renegotiated and more meaningful sense of transformation emerges from their cumulative analytical and conceptual enrichment. In the complexity of possible relations between self, self-concept (...) and society, lies the traditionally neglected transformative middle of sui-generis human depth. In redress, arguably, Bhaskar’s meta-philosophy accommodates Segal’s experiential depth analysis and Slote’s understanding of empathy and receptivity as valuable insights for ’awakening’ to transformative process. (shrink)

Who are the real targets of Kierkegaard’s critique of characterizing faith as “the immediate”? A decisive factor in answering this question is the interpretation and dating of the note Pap. I A 273 / Papir 92, in which Kierkegaard equates that which Friedrich Schleiermacher calls ‘religion’ and “the Hegelian dogmaticians” call ‘faith’ with “the first immediate.” After deli-neating the factual context of the expression “the first immediate” in Section I, I will question to what extent this critique of Schleiermacher is (...) justified in Section II. Sections III-V will look at the problem of identifying “the Hegelian dogmaticians.” Here I hope to show that it is not Philipp Konrad Marheineke, but rather Kierkegaard’s contemporaries in Copenhagen, Hans Lassen Martensen and Johan Ludvig Heiberg, who should be considered the particular targets of Kierkegaard’s critique. (shrink)

Die folgenden Ausführungen enthalten einen Beitrag zum Problem der Induktion. Den bisher bekannt gewordenen Interpretationen induktiver Regeln wird eine weitere zur Seite gestellt. Sie beruht auf der von Popper propagierten Idee der Annäherung an die Wahrheit, genauer: auf einer geeigneten topologischen Präzisierung dieser Annäherungsidee. Wie sich dabei herausstellt, ist die approximationstheoretische Deutung der allgemeinen Induktion zwar stringent, aber nicht induktivistisch, d.h. sie liefert keine irgendwie geartete Rechtfertigung induktiver Regeln.