Il y a une pente universitaire à s'enfermer dans les textes en perdant de vue la réalité. C'est l'aboutissement d'un vice constitutif. En effet, depuis Aristote au moins, toutes les doctrines se sont développées sur la base d'un dédoublement ontologique entre un domaine des 'idées' et un domaine de la réalité elle-même. Ce dédoublement repose sur une imagination étrangère à l'expérience. Pour y voir plus clair, il faut s'appuyer constamment sur ce qui est donné tel qu'il est donné. Pour cela, (...) il faut déplacer l'attention depuis les contenus vers la manière dont nous les saisissons consciemment en confrontant l'expérience commune et la figure scientifique corrélative"--Page 4 of cover. (shrink)

While the notion that CEOs have a general influence over their firms’ stakeholder strategies is well accepted, little attention has been given to how CEOs can actively and performatively manage social activism in and around their firms. I seek to develop an initial understanding of this phenomenon by examining some of the critical consequences of CEOs’ public responses to social activist challenges. Drawing on instrumental stakeholder theory and social movement theory, I recognize the dualistic nature of CEOs’ public responses to (...) social activist challenges; that is, a single response can influence both the direct pressure received from the focal social activists confronting the firm as well as the potential pressure the firm could face in the form of additional challenges. I argue that a CEO’s accommodative public response—seen by social activists as a sign that the CEO and firm are aligned with their beliefs, values, and motivations—will be negatively associated with the focal social activists’ willingness to punish the firm. At the same time, however, a CEO’s accommodative public response sends a broader signal—reflective of the CEO and firm’s relative openness to social activism and social issues—that will be positively associated with the perceived attractiveness of the firm’s corporate opportunity structure for social activism, increasing the potential for the firm to receive additional social activist challenges. I conduct a laboratory experiment based on a real-life case and find support for my arguments. The results yield important implications for research on strategic leadership, stakeholder strategy, and social movements. (shrink)

On a voulu rendre ici Maine de Biran au problème qui fut toujours le sien, depuis ses premières réflexions de 1793 jusqu'aux ultimes fragments de 1824: élaborer une "science de l'homme" enfin capable d'intégrer, mais sans les confondre, les diverses sciences qu'elle doit inclure pour être complète. En lieu et place de la traditionnelle division encyclopédique des savoirs, qui se prolonge jusqu'à d'Alembert et Condorcet, Biran s'attache à instaurer un partage épistémologiquement déterminé: il élabore pour ce faire une doctrine originale, (...) sa théorie des "points de vue". Véritable colonne vertébrale du birmanisme, c'est elle qui subsiste sous les multiples changements dont la doctrine est affectée, elle dont le philosophe ne se départit jamais, même lorsqu'il doute de pouvoir un jour "fermer son cercle." L'unité de cette philosophie, cherchée en vain dans des contenus, ou simplement abandonnée en décrétant infidèles à elle-même certaines parties de l'œuvre, ne saurait être trouvée que dans sa méthode. C'est du moins la thèse du présent ouvrage. (shrink)

L’échec du sommet de Vilnius à la fin de 2013 et les récents événements ukrainiens ont mis en évidence les conséquences liées au refus de la prise en compte de l’histoire des partenaires dans la négociation que développe l’Union européenne avec ses voisins orientaux. Ils montrent que les expériences collectives alimentées à des sources historiques différentes sont autant de ressources que les acteurs mobilisent pour faire valoir d’autres dimensions temporelles. Sans une communauté de références partagées, à la base des intérêts (...) collectifs, les asymétries entre les joueurs ne peuvent que croître. L’examen du processus d’élargissement et celui de la Politique européenne de voisinage mettent en valeur les limites de la stratégie de la Commission quand elle prétend s’appuyer sur la socialisation des élites pour contrer les conflits. Les résultats se mesurent en termes de déclarations sans suite quand les idées constitutives de l’UE et le transfert des compétences ne sont d’aucun poids. L’analyse des deux séquences permet de conclure que les temporalités sont un enjeu de la négociation et que l’ « européanisation » n’est pas le modèle de toute négociation possible. (shrink)

La philosophie bergsonnienne a rendu le monde de ses contemporains moins opaque, les aidant à lui trouver un sens. Si la France cartésienne coïncide avec les partisans de la démocratie parlementaire ancrée à gauche, celle de Bergson recrute ses plus gros bataillons dans la droite nationale, conservatrice, mais également dans une gauche antiparlementaire, révolutionnaire.

Understanding the link between brain evolution and the evolution of distinctive features of modern human cognition is a fundamental challenge. A still unresolved question concerns the co-evolution of tool behavior (i.e., tool use or tool making) and language. The shared neurocognitive processes hypothesis suggests that the emergence of the combinatorial component of language skills within the frontal lobe/Broca's area made possible the complexification of tool-making skills. The importance of the frontal lobe/Broca's area in tool behavior is somewhat surprising with regard (...) to the literature on neuropsychology and cognitive neuroscience, which has instead stressed the critical role of the left inferior parietal lobe. Therefore, to be complete, any version of the shared neurocognitive processes hypothesis needs to integrate the potential interactions between the frontal lobe/Broca's area and the left inferior parietal lobe as well as their co-evolution at a phylogenetic level. Here, we sought to provide the first elements of answer through the use of the massive deployment framework, which posits that evolutionarily older brain areas are deployed in more cognitive functions (i.e., they are less specific). We focused on the left parietal cortex, and particularly the left areas PF, PGI, and anterior intraparietal (AIP), which are known to be involved in tool use, language, and motor control, respectively. The deployment of each brain area in different cognitive functions was measured by conducting a meta-analysis of neuroimaging studies. Our results confirmed the pattern of specificity for each brain area and also showed that the left area PGI was far less specific than the left areas PF and AIP. From these findings, we discuss the different evolutionary scenarios depicting the potential co-evolution of the combinatorial and generative components of language and tool behavior in our lineage. (shrink)

Le livre d’E. Begemann reprend le texte d’une thèse soutenue à Erfurt en 2011. Il aborde la question du destin dans l’ensemble de l’œuvre de Cicéron, c’est-à-dire non seulement dans la réflexion proprement philosophique de l’auteur, mais également dans les discours et dans la correspondance. D’où, passée l’introduction (chapitre 1) qui pose les principes de la démarche, une division de l’ouvrage en trois parties principales. La première (chapitre 2) examine la question dans la « triade théolo...

This book is a close reading of Jacques Lacan’s seminal essay, “The Agency of the Letter in the Unconscious or Reason Since Freud, ” selected for the particular light it casts on Lacan’s complex relation to linguistics, psychoanalysis, and philosophy. It clarifies the way Lacan renews or transforms the psychoanalytic field, through his diversion of Saussure’s theory of the sign, his radicalization of Freud’s fundamental concepts, and his subversion of dominant philosophical values. The authors argue, however, that Lacan’s discourse is (...) marked by a deep ambiguity: while he invents a new “language,” he nonetheless maintains the traditional metaphysical motifs of systemacity, foundation, and truth. (shrink)

This study deals with money, especially coins, and intends to circumscribe the place of coinage among cultural objects. Money cannot be described without a semiotics of culture. We shall consider the definitions of value in order to define the evaluative foundations of meaning, and discuss the recurring parallel between signs and coins. Using a theory of anthropic zones, we will then attempt to determine the conditions necessary for the creation of objects of value, which should lead to a typology of (...) the different orders of fascination. (shrink)

Independently of the generative and enunciative theories, the dynamic structuralism of the Saussurian tradition has made it possible to pose the problem of semiosis, understood as the individuation of the sign from a structural germ. At a higher level of complexity, the processes that preside over this individuation seem to also govern the composition of texts. Literary and pictorial examples make it possible to detect them; they confirm that reflection on the arts is a major area of general and comparative (...) semiotics. (shrink)

In the controversy that arose between Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz and Georg Ernst Stahl following the publication of the latter’s Theoria medica vera, both theoreticians strove to distance themselves from what they took to be the classical conception of the vegetative soul, while relating and partly reducing their opponent’s doctrine to it. I shall first attempt to establish their respective meanings for such a soul and the reasons why they would challenge the relevance of that notion for physiology. I shall then (...) try to show how they nevertheless integrated explanatory functions equivalent to those attributed to that metaphysical entity into the theoretical frameworks they proposed and favoured. As a consequence of alternative interpretations of this kind, eighteenth-century physiologists will tend to link vegetative life either with “organic mechanism” or with various kinds of “vital principle,” akin to Stahl’s anima. (shrink)

Can we think without words? At first, the question is surprising, and the answer is most often, “No.”This response is quite understandable. Words and thought are so closely connected in our mental activity that they appear almost indissociable, since if we follow an introspective process, it is not possible for us to analyze our reasoning and our feelings without having recourse to words. Moreover, man's verbal expression is not only a means of communication; it is also an instrument of progress (...) for the mind, without which the mind would not be able to attain the very high levels of abstract and conceptual thought that are proper to it. No one would dream of minimizing the important influence of words on thought. It is more correct to magnify it as Paul Valéry did: “The honor of man, blessed speech.”. (shrink)

Cette note de lecture a déjà paru sur Poezibao. L'actualité éditoriale de la poésie, le 22 avril 2022. Pendant ce temps, pendant tout le bruit du monde, Benoît Gréan poursuit sa perforation poétique, et passe cette fois, avec Sonnets des satiétés, clairement de trace à empreinte, en vis-à-vis direct de la représentation du monde. Cette notion de l'impression-forte, de l'empreinte, du saisissement instantané glacé aussi, d'une puissance de langage en miroir de celle de - Brèves.

My contribution to the 'MIMESIS, METAPHYSICS AND MAKE-BELIEVE' conference held in honour of Kendall Walton in the University of Leeds.

A purely probabilistic-informational model of evolutions is sketched, basically free of any assumption concerning the nature and structure of the evolving system but apt to incorporatea posteriori any such assumptions needed for application to a specified evolution. The model produces an abstract extension of the second principle of thermodynamics. It also leads to an outline of a typology of irreversible evolutions.