Results for 'Generalized Context Model'

973 found
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  1.  83
    Toward a general psychological model of tension and suspense.Moritz Lehne & Stefan Koelsch - 2015 - Frontiers in Psychology 6:118396.
    Tension and suspense are powerful emotional experiences that occur in a wide variety of contexts (e.g., in music, film, literature, and everyday life). The omnipresence of tension experiences suggests that they build on very basic cognitive and affective mechanisms. However, the psychological underpinnings of tension experiences remain largely unexplained, and tension and suspense are rarely discussed from a general, domain-independent perspective. In this paper, we argue that tension experiences in different contexts (e.g., musical tension or suspense in a movie) build (...)
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  2.  28
    Modeling Multiple Item Context Effects With Generalized Linear Mixed Models.Norman Rose, Gabriel Nagy, Benjamin Nagengast, Andreas Frey & Michael Becker - 2019 - Frontiers in Psychology 10:289796.
    Item context effects refer to the impact of features of a test on an examinee’s item responses. These effects cannot be explained by the abilities measured by the test. Investigations typically focus on only a single type of item context effects, such as item position effects, or mode effects, thereby ignoring the fact that different item context effects might operate simultaneously. In this study, two different types of context effects were modeled simultaneously drawing on data from (...)
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  3.  11
    8. Psychology , Part One: The General Context of Human Experience.Edwin L. Hersch - 2003 - In From Philosophy to Psychotherapy: A Phenomenological Model for Psychology, Psychiatry, and Psychoanalysis. University of Toronto Press. pp. 177-214.
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  4.  69
    Adjusting the model to adjust the world: constructive mechanisms in postwar general equilibrium theory.Ivan Boldyrev & Alexey Ushakov - 2016 - Journal of Economic Methodology 23 (1):38-56.
    Economic methodologists most often study the relations between models and reality while focusing on the issues of the model's epistemic relevance in terms of its relation to the ‘real world’ and representing the real world in a model. We complement the discussion by bringing the model's constructive mechanisms or self-implementing technologies in play. By this, we mean the elements of the economic model that are aimed at ‘implementing’ it by envisaging the ways to change the reality (...)
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  5.  55
    Learning General Phonological Rules From Distributional Information: A Computational Model.Shira Calamaro & Gaja Jarosz - 2015 - Cognitive Science 39 (3):647-666.
    Phonological rules create alternations in the phonetic realizations of related words. These rules must be learned by infants in order to identify the phonological inventory, the morphological structure, and the lexicon of a language. Recent work proposes a computational model for the learning of one kind of phonological alternation, allophony . This paper extends the model to account for learning of a broader set of phonological alternations and the formalization of these alternations as general rules. In Experiment 1, (...)
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  6. The General Relativity Genesis: an Intertheoretic Context.Rinat M. Nugayev - 2017 - Voprosi Filosofii (The Problems of Philosophy) (1):62-70.
    Abstract. The theory-change epistemological model, tried on maxwellian revolution and special relativity genesis, is unfolded to apprehend general relativity genesis. It is exhibited that the dynamics of general relativity (GR) construction was largely governed by internal tensions of special relativity and Newton’s theory of gravitation. The research traditions’ encounter engendered construction of the hybrid domain at first with an irregular set of theoretical models. However, step by step, on revealing and gradual eliminating the contradictions between the models involved, the (...)
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  7.  80
    Generalizations of small profinite structures.Krzysztof Krupiński - 2010 - Journal of Symbolic Logic 75 (4):1147-1175.
    We generalize the model theory of small profinite structures developed by Newelski to the case of compact metric spaces considered together with compact groups of homeomorphisms and satisfying the existence of m-independent extensions (we call them compact e-structures). We analyze the relationships between smallness and different versions of the assumption of the existence of m-independent extensions and we obtain some topological consequences of these assumptions. Using them, we adopt Newelski's proofs of various results about small profinite structures to compact (...)
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  8.  57
    A Model‐Based Approach to the Wisdom of the Crowd in Category Learning.Irina Danileiko & Michael D. Lee - 2018 - Cognitive Science 42 (S3):861-883.
    We apply the “wisdom of the crowd” idea to human category learning, using a simple approach that combines people's categorization decisions by taking the majority decision. We first show that the aggregated crowd category learning behavior found by this method performs well, learning categories more quickly than most or all individuals for 28 previously collected datasets. We then extend the approach so that it does not require people to categorize every stimulus. We do this using a model‐based method that (...)
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  9.  64
    To transform or not to transform: using generalized linear mixed models to analyse reaction time data.Steson Lo & Sally Andrews - 2015 - Frontiers in Psychology 6:148545.
    Linear mixed-effect models (LMMs) are being increasingly widely used in psychology to analyse multi-level research designs. This feature allows LMMs to address some of the problems identified by Speelman and McGann ( 2013 ) about the use of mean data, because they do not average across individual responses. However, recent guidelines for using LMM to analyse skewed reaction time (RT) data collected in many cognitive psychological studies recommend the application of non-linear transformations to satisfy assumptions of normality. Uncritical adoption of (...)
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  10.  42
    What are general models about?Alkistis Elliott-Graves - 2022 - European Journal for Philosophy of Science 12 (4):1–26.
    Models provide scientists with knowledge about target systems. An important group of models are those that are called general. However, what exactly is meant by generality in this context is somewhat unclear. The aim of this paper is to draw out a distinction between two notions of generality that has implications for scientific practice. Some models are general in the sense that they apply to many systems in the world and have many particular targets. Another sense is captured by (...)
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  11.  96
    Belief Contraction in the Context of the General Theory of Rational Choice.Hans Rott - 1993 - Journal of Symbolic Logic 59 (4):1426-1450.
    This paper reorganizes and further develops the theory of partial meet contraction which was introduced in a classic paper by Alchourron, Gardenfors, and Makinson. Our purpose is threefold. First, we put the theory in a broader perspective by decomposing it into two layers which can respectively be treated by the general theory of choice and preference and elementary model theory. Second, we reprove the two main representation theorems of AGM and present two more representation results for the finite case (...)
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  12.  18
    Stability and General Logics.Tapani Hyttinen - 1999 - Mathematical Logic Quarterly 45 (2):219-240.
    In this paper we make an attempt to study classes of models by using general logics. We do not believe that Lww is always the best logic for analyzing a class of models. Let K be a class of models and L a logic. The main assumptions we make about K and C are that K has the L-amalgamation property and, later in the paper, that K does not omit L-types. We show that, if modified suitably, most of the results (...)
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  13.  22
    Metabiology: Non-Standard Models, General Semantics and Natural Evolution.Arturo Carsetti - 2019 - Springer Verlag.
    In the context of life sciences, we are constantly confronted with information that possesses precise semantic values and appears essentially immersed in a specific evolutionary trend. In such a framework, Nature appears, in Monod’s words, as a tinkerer characterized by the presence of precise principles of self-organization. However, while Monod was obliged to incorporate his brilliant intuitions into the framework of first-order cybernetics and a theory of information with an exclusively syntactic character such as that defined by Shannon, research (...)
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  14.  45
    The weight of collapse: dynamical reduction models in general relativistic contexts.Elias Okon & Daniel Sudarsky - unknown
    Inspired by possible connections between gravity and foundational question in quantum theory, we consider an approach for the adaptation of objective collapse models to a general relativistic context. We apply these ideas to a list of open problems in cosmology and quantum gravity, such as the emergence of seeds of cosmic structure, the black hole information issue, the problem of time in quantum gravity and, in a more speculative manner, to the nature of dark energy and the origin of (...)
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  15. A personalist-phenomenological model of general resurrection in light of current science and medicine.Edgar Danielyan - 2018 - Dissertation,
    I have argued that the central Christian doctrine of general resurrection (with particular reference to the Pauline corpus) can and should be understood in a scientifically and philosophically informed context, and have proposed a personalist-phenomenological model of general resurrection as a personally continuous transformative re-embodiment by the grace of God within an interpretative framework that respects the methods and findings of science while rejecting scientism and associated physicalist metaphysical claims. I have considered and rejected the re-assembly model (...)
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  16.  31
    Interspecific Cohabitation in Urban Context: Modelling, Diagnostic and Problem-Solving from a Semiotics Perspective.Pauline Suzanne Delahaye - 2024 - Biosemiotics 17 (1):211-232.
    The present paper will summarise the methodology, the scientific outcomes, and the potential for generalisation of the model of a project that studied cohabitation between human inhabitants and liminal species (in the present case, corvids) in Tartu, Estonia, from October 2021 to July 2023, with a comparative field study in Paris, France. It will present the context and goals of using a semiotic model to map interspecific cohabitation, expose what kind of data can be used to feed (...)
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  17.  1
    Contextes, modèles de rationalité et histoire de la philosophie politique médiévale. L’exemple du Defensor pacis de Marsile de Padoue (Tome 146, 7e Série, n°1-2, (2025)). [REVIEW]Gianluca Briguglia - 2025 - Revue de Synthèse:1-33.
    Résumé En prenant comme exemple l’important Defensor pacis de Marsilius de Padoue, l’article analyse différentes manières d’interpréter la notion de contexte et sa fonction. On parle des contextes dans le texte pour indiquer non seulement le problème de la rédaction textuelle, mais aussi la relation ouverte et plurielle d’un texte médiéval avec les contextes linguistiques et disciplinaires qui le nourrissent. Quelques points de la réception historique du Defensor pacis seront également examinés, en tant qu’exemples du changement de sens du texte (...)
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  18.  48
    Comprehension of Generalized Conversational Implicatures by Children With and Without Autism Spectrum Disorder.Gemma Pastor-Cerezuela, Juan C. Tordera Yllescas, Francisco González-Sala, Maite Montagut-Asunción & María-Inmaculada Fernández-Andrés - 2018 - Frontiers in Psychology 9:344660.
    This study evaluates the comprehension of generalized conversational implicatures (GCI) in children with and without autism spectrum disorder (ASD), using a GCI test constructed based on the Levinson model, which distinguishes between three types of implicatures: type Q (or scalar: “what is not referred to does not occur”); type I (“by default, it is not necessary to say what can be assumed”); and type M (“if someone is expressing something in a not very simple or marked way, it (...)
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  19.  27
    The Genesis of General Relativity: An Inter-Theoretical Context.Rinat M. Nugayev - 2018 - Acta Baltica Historiae Et Philosophiae Scientiarum 6 (1):97-129.
    The aim of the paper is to amend the received view on the general relativity (GR) genesis and advancement by taking into account common scientific practice of its functioning, the history of science data and philosophy of science arguments. The genesis of GR as an instance of an epistemological model of mature theory change that hinges upon ‘old’ theories encounter and interaction is elucidated. I strengthen arguments in favour of the tenet that the dynamic creation of GR had been (...)
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  20. The function of general laws in history.Carl Gustav Hempel - 1942 - Journal of Philosophy 39 (2):35-48.
    The classic logical positivist account of historical explanation, putting forward what is variously called the "regularity interpretation" (#Gardiner, The Nature of Historical Explanation), the "covering law model" (#Dray, Laws and Explanation in History), or the "deductive model" (Michael #Scriven, "Truisms as Grounds for Historical Explanations"). See also #Danto, Narration and Knowledge, for further criticisms of the model. Hempel formalizes historical explanation as involving (a) statements of determining (initial and boundary) conditions for the event to be explained, and (...)
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  21.  55
    GFO: The General Formal Ontology.Frank Loebe, Patryk Burek & Heinrich Herre - 2022 - Applied ontology 17 (1):71-106.
    The General Formal Ontology (GFO) is a top-level ontology that is being developed at the University of Leipzig since 1999. Besides introducing some of the basic principles of the ontology, we expound axiomatic fragments of its formalization and present ontological models of several use cases. GFO is a top-level ontology that integrates objects and processes into a unified framework, in a way that differs significantly from other ontologies. Another unique selling feature of GFO is its meta-ontological architecture, which includes set (...)
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  22.  39
    Lossy‐Context Surprisal: An Information‐Theoretic Model of Memory Effects in Sentence Processing.Richard Futrell, Edward Gibson & Roger P. Levy - 2020 - Cognitive Science 44 (3):e12814.
    A key component of research on human sentence processing is to characterize the processing difficulty associated with the comprehension of words in context. Models that explain and predict this difficulty can be broadly divided into two kinds, expectation‐based and memory‐based. In this work, we present a new model of incremental sentence processing difficulty that unifies and extends key features of both kinds of models. Our model, lossy‐context surprisal, holds that the processing difficulty at a word in (...)
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  23. Examining the influence of generalized trust on life satisfaction across different education levels and socioeconomic conditions using the Bayesian Mindsponge Framework.Tam-Tri Le, Minh-Hoang Nguyen, Ruining Jin, Viet-Phuong La, Hong-Son Nguyen & Quan-Hoang Vuong - manuscript
    Extant literature suggests a positive correlation between social trust (also called generalized trust) and life satisfaction. However, the psychological pathways underlying this relationship can be complex. Using the Bayesian Mindsponge Framework (BMF), we examined the influence of social trust in a high-violence environment. Employing Bayesian analysis on a sample of 1237 adults in Cali, Colombia, we found that in a linear relationship, generalized trust is positively associated with life satisfaction. However, in a model including the interactions between (...)
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  24. A General Structure for Legal Arguments About Evidence Using Bayesian Networks.Norman Fenton, Martin Neil & David A. Lagnado - 2013 - Cognitive Science 37 (1):61-102.
    A Bayesian network (BN) is a graphical model of uncertainty that is especially well suited to legal arguments. It enables us to visualize and model dependencies between different hypotheses and pieces of evidence and to calculate the revised probability beliefs about all uncertain factors when any piece of new evidence is presented. Although BNs have been widely discussed and recently used in the context of legal arguments, there is no systematic, repeatable method for modeling legal arguments as (...)
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  25.  37
    Separations by Random Oracles and "Almost" Classes for Generalized Reducibilities.Y. Wang & W. Merkle - 2001 - Mathematical Logic Quarterly 47 (2):249-270.
    Let ≤r and ≤sbe two binary relations on 2ℕ which are meant as reducibilities. Let both relations be closed under finite variation and consider the uniform distribution on 2ℕ, which is obtained by choosing elements of 2ℕ by independent tosses of a fair coin.Then we might ask for the probability that the lower ≤r-cone of a randomly chosen set X, that is, the class of all sets A with A ≤rX, differs from the lower ≤s-cone of X. By c osure (...)
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  26. There is no general AI.Jobst Landgrebe & Barry Smith - 2020 - arXiv.
    The goal of creating Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) – or in other words of creating Turing machines (modern computers) that can behave in a way that mimics human intelligence – has occupied AI researchers ever since the idea of AI was first proposed. One common theme in these discussions is the thesis that the ability of a machine to conduct convincing dialogues with human beings can serve as at least a sufficient criterion of AGI. We argue that this very ability (...)
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  27. A Theory of General Ethics: Human Relationships, Nature, and the Built Environment.Warwick Fox (ed.) - 2006 - MIT Press.
    With A Theory of General Ethics Warwick Fox both defines the field of General Ethics and offers the first example of a truly general ethics. Specifically, he develops a single, integrated approach to ethics that encompasses the realms of interhuman ethics, the ethics of the natural environment, and the ethics of the built environment. Thus Fox offers what is in effect the first example of an ethical "Theory of Everything."Fox refers to his own approach to General Ethics as the "theory (...)
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  28.  51
    General Theory of the Commutator for Deductive Systems. Part I. Basic Facts.Janusz Czelakowski - 2006 - Studia Logica 83 (1-3):183-214.
    The purpose of this paper is to present in a uniform way the commutator theory for k-deductive system of arbitrary positive dimension k. We are interested in the logical perspective of the research — an emphasis is put on an analysis of the interconnections holding between the commutator and logic. This research thus qualifies as belonging to abstract algebraic logic, an area of universal algebra that explores to a large extent the methods provided by the general theory of deductive systems. (...)
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  29.  42
    Teoría general Del derecho.William Twining - 2005 - Anales de la Cátedra Francisco Suárez 39:597-688.
    This paper sets out a view of a General Jurisprudence that is needed to underpin the institutionalised discipline of law as it becomes more cosmopolitan in the context of “globalisation”, and considers its implications. Part I restates a position on the mission and nature of the discipline of law and of the role of jurisprudence, as its theoretical part, in contributing to the health of the discipline. Part II clarifies some questions that have been raised about this conception of (...)
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  30.  38
    A General Theorem on Temporal Foliations of Causal Sets.Ali Bleybel & Abdallah Zaiour - 2018 - Foundations of Physics 48 (4):456-478.
    Causal sets are a particular class of partially ordered sets, which are proposed as basic models of discrete space-time, specially in the field of quantum gravity. In this context, we show the existence of temporal foliations for any causal set, or more generally, for a causal space. Moreover, we show that automorphisms of a large class of infinite causal sets fall into two classes 1) Automorphisms of spacelike hypersurfaces in some given foliation, or 2) Translations in time. More generally, (...)
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  31. General Relativity and Spacetime Relationism.Carl Hoefer - 1992 - Dissertation, Stanford University
    This dissertation takes up the project of showing that, in the context of the general theory of relativity , spacetime relationism is not a refuted or hopeless view, as many in the recent literature have maintained . Most of the challenges to the relationist view in General Relativity can be satisfactorily answered; in addition, the opposing absolutist and substantivalist views of spacetime can be shown to be problematic. The crucial burden for relationists concerned with GTR is to show that (...)
     
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  32.  69
    Generic expansions of ω-categorical structures and semantics of generalized quantifiers.A. A. Ivanov - 1999 - Journal of Symbolic Logic 64 (2):775-789.
    LetMbe a countably infinite ω-categorical structure. Consider Aut(M) as a complete metric space by definingd(g, h) = Ω{2−n:g(xn) ≠h(xn) org−1(xn) ≠h−1(xn)} where {xn:n∈ ω} is an enumeration ofMAn automorphism α ∈ Aut(M) is generic if its conjugacy class is comeagre. J. Truss has shown in [11] that if the set P of all finite partial isomorphisms contains a co-final subset P1closed under conjugacy and having the amalgamation property and the joint embedding property then there is a generic automorphism. In the (...)
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  33.  68
    Peter Sloterdijk’s General Ascetology.Amir Ahmadi - 2017 - Critical Horizons 18 (4):333-346.
    Peter Sloterdijk maintains that modern institutions and their fundamental ethos, namely self-discipline, training and the orientation to achievement, can be traced back to spiritual self-mastery and ancient ascetic models, exemplified in Christian monastic life. This article examines the bases of this claim and argues that Sloterdijk’s theory empties ascetic formations of their concrete content and removes them from their historical context. The ambition to derive the main features of modern society from a single matrix necessarily produces abstractions and self-serving (...)
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  34.  28
    Referential and general calls in primate semantics.Shane Steinert-Threlkeld, Philippe Schlenker & Emmanuel Chemla - 2021 - Linguistics and Philosophy 44 (6):1317-1342.
    In recent years, the methods of formal semantics and pragmatics have been fruitfully applied to the analysis of primate communication systems. Most analyses therein appeal to a division of labor between semantics and pragmatics which has the following three features: calls are given referential meanings, some calls have a general meaning, and the meanings of calls in context are enriched by competition with more informative calls, along the lines of scalar implicatures. In this paper, we develop highly simplified models (...)
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  35.  40
    On some multiattribute value function generalizations of the EOQ model in the context of personal inventory decisions.Marvin D. Troutt - 1991 - Theory and Decision 30 (2):95-107.
  36.  80
    ‘Extreme’ organisms and the problem of generalization: interpreting the Krogh principle.Sara Green, Michael R. Dietrich, Sabina Leonelli & Rachel A. Ankeny - 2018 - History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences 40 (4):65.
    Many biologists appeal to the so-called Krogh principle when justifying their choice of experimental organisms. The principle states that “for a large number of problems there will be some animal of choice, or a few such animals, on which it can be most conveniently studied”. Despite its popularity, the principle is often critiqued for implying unwarranted generalizations from optimal models. We argue that the Krogh principle should be interpreted in relation to the historical and scientific contexts in which it has (...)
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  37. Optimality modeling and explanatory generality.Angela Potochnik - 2007 - Philosophy of Science 74 (5):680-691.
    The optimality approach to modeling natural selection has been criticized by many biologists and philosophers of biology. For instance, Lewontin (1979) argues that the optimality approach is a shortcut that will be replaced by models incorporating genetic information, if and when such models become available. In contrast, I think that optimality models have a permanent role in evolutionary study. I base my argument for this claim on what I think it takes to best explain an event. In certain contexts, optimality (...)
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  38. Ontology, reduction, emergence: A general frame.C. Ulises Moulines - 2006 - Synthese 151 (3):313-323.
    In a scientific context, ontological commitments should be considered as supervenient over accepted scientific theories. This implies that the primarily ontological notions of reduction and emergence of entities of different kinds should be reformulated in terms of relations between existing empirical theories. For this, in turn, it is most convenient to employ a model-theoretic view of scientific theories: the identity criterion of a scientific theory is essentially given by a class of models. Accordingly, reduction and emergence are to (...)
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  39.  13
    Employing General Linguistic Knowledge in Incidental Acquisition of Grammatical Properties of New L1 and L2 Lexical Representations: Toward Reducing Fuzziness in the Initial Ontogenetic Stage. [REVIEW]Denisa Bordag & Andreas Opitz - 2022 - Frontiers in Psychology 12:768362.
    The study explores the degree to which readers can use their previous linguistic knowledge, which goes beyond the immediate evidence in the input, to create mental representations of new words and how the employment of this knowledge may reduce the fuzziness of the new representations. Using self-paced reading, initial representations of novel identical forms with different grammatical functions were compared in native German speakers and advanced L2 German learners with L1 Czech. The results reveal that although both groups can employ (...)
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  40.  22
    Toward a More General Understanding of Bohr’s Complementarity: Insights from Modeling of Ion Channels.Srdjan Kesić - 2021 - Acta Biotheoretica 69 (4):723-744.
    Some contemporary theorists such as Mazzocchi, Theise and Kafatos are convinced that the reformed complementarity may redefine how we might exploit the complexity theory in 21st-century life sciences research. However, the motives behind the profound re-invention of “biological complementarity” need to be substantiated with concrete shreds of evidence about this principle’s applicability in real-life science experimentation, which we found missing in the literature. This paper discusses such pieces of evidence by confronting Bohr’s complementarity and ion channel modeling practice. We examine (...)
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  41.  18
    The Role of General Attitudes and Perceptions Towards Vaccination on the Newly-Developed Vaccine: Results From a Survey on COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance in China.Rize Jing, Hai Fang, Hufeng Wang & Jiahao Wang - 2022 - Frontiers in Psychology 13.
    BackgroundVaccination has been considered one of the most effective public health interventions. In the context of the global epidemic of coronavirus disease 2019, it remains unclear what role general vaccination attitudes and perceptions have on the acceptance of COVID-19 vaccine.ObjectiveThis study aims to explore the impact of general attitudes and perceptions toward vaccination on the acceptance of a newly developed vaccine, taking COVID-19 vaccines as an example.MethodA cross-sectional survey was conducted among 2,013 Chinese adult participants. Generalized order logistic (...)
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  42.  15
    Fostering the Reconstruction of Meaning Among the General Population During the COVID-19 Pandemic.Marco Castiglioni & Nicolo’ Gaj - 2020 - Frontiers in Psychology 11.
    The COVID-19 outbreak has seen people in many countries asked to radically modify their way of life in compliance with sweeping safety measures. During the current crisis, technology is turning out to be key, in that it allows practitioners to deliver psychological services to people who would otherwise be unreachable. However, professionals cannot solely rely on their traditional modes of practice, in that different methods are required to bring to light the needs of those affected by the emergency. People are (...)
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  43.  6
    Domain effects on interpretations of general conditionals: The case of mathematics.David W. Braithwaite - 2025 - Thinking and Reasoning 31 (2):214-236.
    Mathematics is often thought to have a unique association with certainty. The present study investigated a possible consequence of this association, namely that general conditionals are interpreted more deterministically in math than in other domains. To test this hypothesis, in two studies (Ns = 146 and 117), adults were presented general conditionals involving fictional categories in math and science and were asked to judge whether the conditionals were compatible with various frequencies of exceptions to them. Participants indicated that even rare (...)
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  44.  38
    Naturalism and generality.Miriam Solomon - 1995 - Philosophical Psychology 8 (4):353 – 363.
    Naturalistic epistemologists frequently assume that their aim is to identify generalities (i.e. general laws) about the effectiveness of particular reasoning processes and methods. This paper argues that the search for this kind of generality fails. Work that has been done thus far to identify generalities (e.g. by Goldman, Kitcher and Thagard) overlooks both the complexity of reasoning and the relativity of assessments to particular contexts (domain, stage and goal of inquiry). Examples of human reasoning which show both complexity and contextuality (...)
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  45.  12
    Clinical Ethics Consultation during the First COVID-19 Lock Down in France: The “Commitment Model”: Balancing General Questions and Individual Cases.Nicolas Foureur, Milena Maglio & Maria Cristina Murano - 2021 - Journal of Clinical Ethics 32 (2):155-164.
    During the first outbreak of COVID-19, the F rench governmental advisory council on bioethics suggested the need to support healthcare providers with ad hoc “ethical support units.” Several units engaged in such endeavors across the country. This article outlines some methodological considerations made by the Cochin Hospital Clinical Ethics Center (the Cec). The Cec was founded in 2002 to provide clinical ethics support services. While its approach was inspired by North American models, it was shaped by and adapted to the (...)
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  46.  64
    The hunt–vitell general theoryof marketing ethics: Can it enhance our understanding of principal-agent relationships in channels of distribution? [REVIEW]Leslie J. Vermillion, Walfried M. Lassar & Robert D. Winsor - 2002 - Journal of Business Ethics 41 (3):267 - 285.
    This paper advances the Hunt–Vitell General Theory of Marketing Ethics as a framework for enriching current understanding of both long-term marketing relationships in general, and principal-agent associations specifically. Under economic models of agency theory, manufacturer-distributor relationships are conceptualized as principal-agent associations where both parties are assumed be motivated exclusively by short-term financial self-interest within the logical constraints of zero-sum game conditions. As a general model of ethical decision making and behavior in marketing, the Hunt–Vitell theory illustrates how ethical decisions (...)
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  47.  28
    Bargaining and Nonbargaining Nonmarket Strategies: A General Model and Data From Post-Communist Countries.Yusaf H. Akbar & Maciej Kisilowski - 2023 - Business and Society 62 (8):1697-1734.
    This article addresses a theoretical gap in the literature by highlighting the significance of nonbargaining nonmarket strategies of firms. Relying on neo-statist political theory, we propose a theoretical model that hypothesizes a reliance on nonbargaining nonmarket strategies in situations marked by historically and situationally conditioned weakness of societal forces relevant to a firm (including the firm itself) as well as when relevant state institutions display high degrees of professional, structural, and ideological bureaucratic insularity. We survey 165 managers (each representing (...)
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    Directions for the Development of Social Sciences and Humanities in the Context of Creating Artificial General Intelligence.Андреас Хачатурович Мариносян - 2024 - Russian Journal of Philosophical Sciences 66 (4):26-51.
    The article explores the transformative impact on human and social sciences in response to anticipated societal shifts driven by the forthcoming proliferation of artificial systems, whose intelligence will match human capabilities. Initially, it was posited that artificial intelligence (AI) would excel beyond human abilities in computational tasks and algorithmic operations, leaving creativity and humanities as uniquely human domains. However, recent advancements in large language models have significantly challenged these conventional beliefs about AI’s limitations and strengths. It is projected that, in (...)
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  49. Preference-based choice functions: a generalized approach.Sven Ove Hansson - 2009 - Synthese 171 (2):257-269.
    Although choice and preference are distinct categories, it may in some contexts be a useful idealization to treat choices as fully determined by preferences. In order to construct a general model of such preference-based choice, a method to derive choices from preferences is needed that yields reasonable outcomes for all preference relations, even those that are incomplete and contain cycles. A generalized choice function is introduced for this purpose. It is axiomatically characterized and is shown to compare favourably (...)
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  50. From the philosophy of measurement to the philosophy of classification: Generalizing the problem of coordination and historical coherentism.François Papale - 2024 - Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part A 106 (C):1-11.
    The objective of this paper is twofold. First, I present a framework called historical coherentism (Chang, 2004; Tal, 2016; Van fraassen 2008) and argue that it is the best epistemological framework available to tackle the problem of coordination, an epistemic conundrum that arises with every attempt to provide empirical content to scientific theories, models or statements. Second, I argue that the problem of coordination, which has so far been theorized only in the context of measurement practices (Reichenbach, 1927; Chang, (...)
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