Results for 'Government policy'

979 found
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  1.  15
    Government Policy, Liberalisation and Globalisation of the Automobile Industry in Thailand.Kamaruding Abdulsomad - 2001 - Business and Society 2:57-76.
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  2.  26
    Advisory Governance Policy, Shareholder Voice, and Board Responsiveness: The Case of Majority Vote in Director Elections.Latifa A. Albader, Jonathan Bundy & Christine Shropshire - 2023 - Business and Society 62 (2):285-321.
    This study investigates how adoption of advisory governance policy encourages firms to become more responsive to their shareholders over time. Although shareholder activism is costly and often viewed as unable to drive meaningful change, we identify increasing shareholder voice as an underlying mechanism to explain how advisory policy adoption ultimately reshapes board–shareholder relations. Drawing on signaling theory and behavioral views of board–shareholder dynamics, we test our predictions following the broad shift in corporate board voting policies from plurality to (...)
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  3. Government Policy Experiments and the Ethics of Randomization.Douglas MacKay - 2020 - Philosophy and Public Affairs 48 (4):319-352.
    Governments are increasingly using randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to evaluate policy interventions. RCTs are often understood to provide the highest quality evidence regarding the causal efficacy of an intervention. While randomization plays an essential epistemic role in the context of policy RCTs however, it also plays an important distributive role. By randomly assigning participants to either the intervention or control arm of an RCT, people are subject to different policies and so, often, to different types and levels of (...)
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  4. Government Policy Experiments and Informed Consent.Douglas MacKay & Averi Chakrabarti - 2019 - Public Health Ethics 12 (2):188-201.
    Governments are increasingly making use of field experiments to evaluate policy interventions in the spheres of education, public health and welfare. However, the research ethics literature is largely focused on the clinical context, leaving investigators, institutional review boards and government agencies with few resources to draw on to address the ethical questions they face regarding such experiments. In this article, we aim to help address this problem, investigating the conditions under which informed consent is required for ethical (...) research conducted or authorized by government. We argue that investigators need not secure participants' informed consent when conducting government policy experiments if: the government institution conducting or authorizing the experiment possesses a right to rule over the spheres of policy targeted by the research; and data collection does not involve the violation of participants' autonomy rights. (shrink)
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  5.  17
    Government policy toward open source software: The puzzles of neutrality and competition.Jyh-An Lee - 2006 - Knowledge, Technology & Policy 18 (4):113-141.
    For a variety of policy reasons, governments throughout the world are now adopting different legislative and administrative strategies that support the development of FLOSS. Some governments have actually begun to procure FLOSS, whereas others have channeled public funds to large-scale FLOSS projects. This study demonstrates both the benefits and the risks of government policy favoring FLOSS from the perspective of economics, technology, and politics, and to further analyze whether these same policy goals can be achieved through (...)
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  6.  12
    Government Policy Towards Industry in the United States and Japan.John B. Shoven (ed.) - 1988 - Cambridge University Press.
    The essays contained in this volume represent state-of-the-art thinking on many important issues relating to government policies in the Japanese and American economies.
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  7.  47
    Governmentalities of CSR: Danish Government Policy as a Reflection of Political Difference.Steen Vallentin - 2015 - Journal of Business Ethics 127 (1):33-47.
    This paper investigates the roles that Danish government has played in the development of corporate social responsibility (CSR). Denmark has emerged as a first mover among the Scandinavian countries when it comes to CSR. We argue that government has played a pivotal role in making this happen, and that this reflects strong traditions of regulation, corporatism and active state involvement. However, there is no unitary “Danish model of CSR” being promoted by government. Although Danish society is often (...)
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  8.  20
    Government Policy and the Provision of Teachers.C. D. Godwin - 2002 - British Journal of Educational Studies 50 (1):76 - 99.
    The introduction of mass public education posed unfamiliar problems for the governments of modern states, and the ways in which governments worked through those problems can reveal much about the culture and values of a state. This paper focuses on central Government officials and the Ministers they advised, with particular attention to the pivotal period 1960-1976. Trends identified include: the shift from post-War optimism to the more pessimistic view of schooling since the late 1960s; the dynamics of professional development (...)
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  9.  63
    Do mothers have the right to bring up their own children? How facts do not determine (Dutch) government policy.Ellen Allewijn - 2010 - Ethics and Education 5 (2):147-157.
    The Dutch government has a double moral message for Dutch parents. On the one hand, they expect mothers to work more hours outside the home; on the other hand, they expect parents to perform better in their parental tasks. New research shows again that in spite of all stimulation measures, Dutch women with children prefer their part-time jobs, and parents prefer not to leave their children to the responsibility of day care all week. To what extent is the (...) allowed to oblige mothers to work more hours a week if the consequence is that the responsibility for upbringing shifts from parents to day care centres? (shrink)
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  10.  23
    Government Policy and Women's Experience: The Case of Teachers in France.Leslie Page Moch - 1988 - Feminist Studies 14 (2):301.
  11.  27
    E-Government Policy in Italy: Constitutive, Distributional, or Symbolic?Fortunato Musella - 2007 - Polis 21 (1):31-52.
  12.  12
    The Effect of Country Economic Institutions and Cultural Values on Government Policy and Societal Compliance in the Covid-19 Pandemic.Carolina Gomez & Jennifer Spencer - forthcoming - Business and Society.
    Using data from 88 countries, we test hypotheses linking a country’s economic freedom and cultural values with the propensity and timing of decisions to impose stringent policies to combat the spread of Covid-19, as well as society’s compliance with those restrictive measures. Our analysis supports hypotheses that a country’s economic freedom and cultural dimensions of individualism and masculinity predict early implementation of stringent policies. After accounting for endogeneity, we find that individualism also helps explain residents’ compliance with stringent measures. These (...)
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  13. Cause and Effect: Government Policies and the Financial Crisis.Peter J. Wallison - 2009 - Critical Review: A Journal of Politics and Society 21 (2-3):365-376.
    ABSTRACT The underlying cause of the financial meltdown was much more mundane than a “crisis of capitalism”: The real origins lay in mostly obscure housing, tax, and regulatory policies of the U.S. government. The Community Reinvestment Act, the affordable‐housing “mission” of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, penalty‐free refinancing of home loans, penalty‐free defaults on home loans, tax preferences for home‐equity borrowing, and reduced capital requirements for banks that held mortgages and mortgage‐backed securities combined with each other to create the (...)
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  14. The impact of government policies and regulations on the subjective well-being of farmers in two rural mountain areas of Italy.Sarah H. Whitaker - 2024 - Agriculture and Human Values 41 (4):1791-1809.
    The sustainable development of rural areas involves guaranteeing the quality of life and well-being of people who live in those areas. Existing studies on farmer health and well-being have revealed high levels of stress and low well-being, with government regulations emerging as a key stressor. This ethnographic study takes smallholder farmers in two rural mountain areas of Italy, one in the central Alps and one in the northwest Apennines, as its focus. It asks how and why the current (...) and regulatory context of agriculture affects farmer well-being. Interviews and participant observation were conducted with 104 farmers. Three common scenarios emerged that negatively affect farmer well-being. First, policies and regulations designed for lowland areas do not always make sense when applied in the mountains. Second, when subsidies are put into effect at the local level, the reality of their implementation can veer away from the original goals of the funding program and have unintended effects on farmer well-being, agricultural practices, and the environment. Finally, when regulations are implemented on farms in rural mountain areas, the primacy of a techno-scientific knowledge system over other, local and place-based knowledge systems is exposed. These three scenarios affect well-being by eliciting feelings of stress, frustration, and disillusionment; by reducing farmer control over their work; and by fostering the perception that farming is not valued by society. They also create conditions of inequality and insecurity. The ways in which government policies and regulations play out on mountain farms can erode trust in government institutions, lead to an us versus them mentality, and contribute to the further abandonment of agriculture and rural areas. (shrink)
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  15. Analytical Modelling and UK Government Policy.Marie Oldfield - 2021 - AI and Ethics 1 (1):1-16.
    In the last decade, the UK Government has attempted to implement improved processes and procedures in modelling and analysis in response to the Laidlaw report of 2012 and the Macpherson review of 2013. The Laidlaw report was commissioned after failings during the Intercity West Coast Rail (ICWC) Franchise procurement exercise by the Department for Transport (DfT) that led to a legal challenge of the analytical models used within the exercise. The Macpherson review looked into the quality assurance of (...) analytical models in the context of the experience with the Intercity West Coast franchise competition. This paper examines what progress has been made in the 8 years since the Laidlaw report in model building and best practise in government and proposes several recommendations for ways forward. This paper also discusses the Lords Science and Technology Committees of June 2020 that analysed the failings in the modelling of COVID. Despite going on to influence policy, many of the same issues raised within the Laidlaw and Macpherson Reports were also present in the Lords Science and Technology Committee enquiry. We examine the technical and organisational challenges to progress in this area and make recommendations for a way forward. (shrink)
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  16.  44
    Ethics of U.S. government policy responses to the COVID‐19 pandemic: A utilitarianism perspective.Terri L. Herron & Timothy Manuel - 2022 - Business and Society Review 127 (S1):343-367.
    Business and Society Review, Volume 127, Issue S1, Page 343-367, Spring 2022.
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  17.  24
    Implementation of a government policy programme on Operation Kvinnofrid.Anette M. E. Häggblom & Anders R. Möller - 2009 - Nursing Inquiry 16 (1):43-52.
    Today, intimate partner violence is addressed by most government authorities, including the government of Åland. In Åland the government required the official organizations to implement an Operation Kvinnofrid Programme. In this study, a descriptive case study design was used to explore the impact of the government's recommendations to the organizations to implement the programme. The organizations responses were limited. They used a top‐down approach and almost no resources were allocated to the issue.
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  18.  12
    Student Exchange and British Government Policy: Uk Students’ Study Abroad 1955-1978.Heather Ellis - 2023 - British Journal of Educational Studies 71 (1):71-97.
    When the United Kingdom has figured in the modern history of study abroad, it has featured almost exclusively in the role of host country with little attention paid to the study abroad patterns of UK students. In order to gain a rounded picture of the UK’s role in post-war study abroad, this article explores the position of the UK within the context of the rich data gathered by UNESCO. It argues that there is strong evidence that the UK was actually (...)
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  19.  13
    Ethical and Social Dilemmas of Government Policy.Ronald Bayer & Jonathan D. Moreno - forthcoming - Public Health Ethics: Theory, Policy, and Practice.
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  20.  67
    Human nature and government policy.Alexander H. Leighton - 1948 - Philosophical Review 57 (1):27-38.
  21.  16
    Innovating for Failure: Government Policy and the Early British Computing Industry. John Hendry.Arthur Norberg - 1992 - Isis 83 (4):688-690.
  22. United States Government Policy: The Politics of Cultural and Biological Diversity.Zuni Farming - 1995 - Agriculture and Human Values 12:2-18.
     
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  23.  36
    Opportunities and Challenges in the Use of Innovation Prizes as a Government Policy Instrument.Luciano Kay - 2012 - Minerva 50 (2):191-196.
    Inducement prizes have been long used to stimulate individuals and groups to accomplish diverse goals. Lately, governments have become more and more interested in these prizes and sought to include this kind of incentives within the set of policy tools available to promote science, technology, and innovation. To date, however, there has been little empirically-based scientific knowledge on how to design, manage, and evaluate innovation prizes. This note discusses aspects of the prize phenomenon and the opportunities and challenges related (...)
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  24.  31
    Human Enhancement Technologies: Understanding Governance, Policies and Regulatory Structures in the Global Context.Benjamin J. Capps, Rudd Ter Meulen & Lisbeth Witthøfft Nielson - 2012 - Asian Bioethics Review 4 (4):251-258.
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  25. Public Policies on Corporate Social Responsibility: The Role of Governments in Europe.Laura Albareda, Josep M. Lozano & Tamyko Ysa - 2007 - Journal of Business Ethics 74 (4):391-407.
    Over the last decade, Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has been defined first as a concept whereby companies decide voluntarily to contribute to a better society and cleaner environment and, second, as a process by which companies manage their relationship␣with stakeholders (European Commission, 2001. Nowadays, CSR has become a priority issue on governments’ agendas. This has changed governments’ capacity to act and impact on social and environmental issues in their relationship with companies, but has also affected the framework in which CSR (...)
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  26.  29
    How Good is the Science That Informs Government Policy? A Lesson From the U.K.’s Response to 2020 CoV-2 Outbreak.Jessica Cooper, Neofytos Dimitriou & Ognjen Arandjelovíc - 2021 - Journal of Bioethical Inquiry 18 (4):561-568.
    In an era when public faith in politicians is dwindling, yet trust in scientists remains relatively high, governments are increasingly emphasizing the role of science based policy-making in response to challenges such as climate change and global pandemics. In this paper we question the quality of some scientific advice given to governments and the robustness and transparency of the entire framework which envelopes such advice, all of which raise serious ethical concerns. In particular we focus on the so-called Imperial (...)
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  27.  22
    The art of illusion as government policy. Analysing political economies of surrealism.Nadira Talib & Richard Fitzgerald - 2022 - Critical Discourse Studies 19 (1):19-36.
    ABSTRACT This article advances a critical approach to the analysis of social policy texts drawing on the philosophical perspectives of hyperrealism, surrealism, ethics, and Critical Discourse Analysis. Drawing on official government texts and speeches on the continuing development of Singapore’s education policy, the paper examines the way metaphors of flexibility, diversity, choice, and opportunity are used within an evolving ideological context that work to continually produce truth conditions as justifications for inequality. In doing this, the analysis foregrounds (...)
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  28.  14
    Dealing with sexual boundary violation in mental healthcare institutions by government policies: the case of Flanders, Belgium.Johan Bilsen, Hubert Van Puyenbroeck, Dirk De Wachter, Frieda Matthys, Kim Dewilde & Lara Vesentini - 2022 - BMC Medical Ethics 23 (1):1-8.
    BackgroundTo prevent sexual boundary violations (SBV) in mental health care institutions overall governments require these institutions to report SBV incidents to a central registry and to develop institutional guidelines how to react. In Europe SBV policies are only recently developed or implemented, as is also the case in Flanders (Belgium). The implementation of a new institutional policy is always a challenge and can encounter resistance, especially when it concerns SBV, because they remain delicate and complex.MethodThis study evaluated the extent (...)
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  29. Governance quality indicators for organ procurement policies.David Rodríguez-Arias, Alberto Molina-Pérez, Ivar R. Hannikainen, Janet Delgado, Benjamin Söchtig, Sabine Wöhlke & Silke Schicktanz - 2021 - PLoS ONE 16 (6):e0252686.
    Background Consent policies for post-mortem organ procurement (OP) vary throughout Europe, and yet no studies have empirically evaluated the ethical implications of contrasting consent models. To fill this gap, we introduce a novel indicator of governance quality based on the ideal of informed support, and examine national differences on this measure through a quantitative survey of OP policy informedness and preferences in seven European countries. -/- Methods Between 2017–2019, we conducted a convenience sample survey of students (n = 2006) (...)
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  30.  11
    Managing knowledge, governing society: social theory, research policy and environmental transition.Alain-Marc Rieu - 2021 - New York, NY: Routledge.
    Since the 1980s, two different paradigms have reshaped industrial societies: the Neoliberal paradigm and a Research and Innovation paradigm. Both have been conceptualized and translated into strong policies with massive economic and social consequences. They provide divergent responses to the environmental transition. The Neoliberal paradigm is based on economic models and geopolitical solutions. The Research and Innovation paradigm's goal is to manage knowledge differently in order to reorient the evolution of society. Since the mid-1990s, a version of the Research and (...)
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  31. Froebelian influences on early childhood education and care government policy documents in England.Tina Bruce, Contributions by Lesley Abbott & Ann Langston - 2018 - In Tina Bruce, Peter Elfer, Sacha Powell & Louie Werth (eds.), The Routledge international handbook of Froebel and early childhood practice: re-articulating research and policy. New York, NY: Routledge.
  32.  20
    The Public's Role in Developing a Government Policy on Mutagen and Teratogen Regulation.Gregory T. Halbert - 1979 - Journal of Law, Medicine and Ethics 7 (4):12-13.
  33.  11
    A study on the effects of government policy PR on the credibility and fairness of public policies : with the focus on the government's Covid-19 vaccination policy.Jun-Seog Koh - 2021 - Episteme 26:83-113.
  34.  13
    Digital government and the handling of sensitive data in the execution of public policies: challenges and possibilities.Júlia Oselame Graf & Caroline Muller Bitencourt - 2024 - Araucaria 26 (56).
    The research aims to investigate the characteristics and risks associated with the handling of sensitive data in the implementation of public policies within the digital government model. To achieve this, a hypothetical-deductive method and bibliographic and documentary procedures are employed, proposing an interdisciplinary discussion on technological advancement, data protection, transparency, and public policies. The justification revolves around the importance of a comprehensive, cohesive system that genuinely protects sensitive personal data, considering the need to keep pace with technological developments and (...)
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  35.  9
    Environmental Policy for Business and Government.John P. Tiemstra - 2003 - Business and Society Review 108 (1):61-69.
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  36. Black Initiative and Governmental Responsibility.Committee on Policy for Racial Justice - 1986 - Upa.
    This book approaches the problems and circumstances confronting blacks in the context of black values, the black community, and the role of government. ^BContents:: The Black Community's Values as a Basis for Action; The Community as Agent of Change; and The Government's Role in Meeting New Challenges.
     
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  37.  97
    Zuni farming and united states government policy: The politics of biological and cultural diversity in agriculture. [REVIEW]David A. Cleveland, Fred Bowannie, Donald F. Eriacho, Andrew Laahty & Eric Perramond - 1995 - Agriculture and Human Values 12 (3):2-18.
    Indigenous Zuni farming, including cultural values, ecological and biological diversity, and land distribution and tenure, appears to have been quite productive and sustainable for at least 2000 before United States influence began in the later half of the 18th century. United States Government Indian agriculture policy has been based on assimilation of Indians and taking of their resources, and continues in more subtle ways today. At Zuni this policy has resulted in the degradation and loss of natural (...)
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  38.  13
    Government-Initiated Reform in South Africa and Its Implications for U.S. Foreign Policy.Kevin Danaher - 1984 - Politics and Society 13 (2):177-202.
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  39.  55
    Dealing With Uncertainties When Governing CSR Policies.Jan Lepoutre, Nikolay A. Dentchev & Aimé Heene - 2007 - Journal of Business Ethics 73 (4):391-408.
    As corporate social responsibility involves a voluntary business endeavour to address social and environmental issues beyond legal compliance, governments cannot fall back on hierarchical command-and-control policies to support it. As such, it is complementary with the increasing popularity of public policies known as New Governance policies, where the government is engaged in a horizontal inter-organizational network of societal actors and where public policy is both formed and executed by the interacting and voluntary efforts from a multitude of stakeholders. (...)
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  40.  68
    Ethics, Governance, and Policies in Artificial Intelligence.Luciano Floridi (ed.) - 2021 - Springer Verlag.
    This book offers a synthesis of investigations on the ethics, governance and policies affecting the design, development and deployment of artificial intelligence. Each chapter can be read independently, but the overall structure of the book provides a complementary and detailed understanding of some of the most pressing issues brought about by AI and digital innovation. Given its modular nature, it is a text suitable for readers who wish to gain a reliable orientation about the ethics of AI and for experts (...)
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  41.  31
    Understanding Government Decisions to De-fund Medical Services Analyzing the Impact of Problem Frames on Resource Allocation Policies.Mark Embrett & Glen E. Randall - 2021 - Health Care Analysis 29 (1):78-98.
    Many medical services lack robust evidence of effectiveness and may therefore be considered “unnecessary” care. Proactively withdrawing resources from, or de-funding, such services and redirecting the savings to services that have proven effectiveness would enhance overall health system performance. Despite this, governments have been reluctant to discontinue funding of services once funding is in place. The focus of this study is to understand how the framing of an issue or problem influences government decision-making related to de-funding of medical services. (...)
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  42. The policy failures of central governments during east bengal crisis, 1947-71.Kashif Iqbal - 2019 - Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities 58 (2):107-119.
    The incident of 1971 is a historical concern. Both wings of Pakistan were united at the time of the creation of Pakistan but some policies that were adopted after the creation of Pakistan were inadequate to resolve the growing differences between the both wings. Writers are divided regarding the causes of the Fall of Dhaka. Indian involvement has been highlighted frequently and it is also said that East Bengal was on the distance of 1000 km from West Pakistan. Apart from (...)
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  43.  36
    Policy legitimation, expert advice, and objectivity: 'Opening' the UK governance framework for human genetics.Mavis Jones - 2004 - Social Epistemology 18 (2 & 3):247 – 270.
    In response to political pressures arising from controversial science policy decisions, the United Kingdom (UK) government conducted a review of its biotechnology governance framework in 1999, identifying best practices of open government and creating strategic bodies to adopt them. Drawing from empirical data on the context and nature of the open government framework, this paper argues that the framework may be interpreted as elasticizing objectivity. Value-neutral scientific objectivity is essentially 'stretched' into a pluralist objectivity that purports (...)
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  44.  10
    Principles, Governance, and Coproduction of the Creative Ageing Policy.Andrzej Klimczuk - 2016 - In Economic Foundations for Creative Ageing Policy, Volume Ii: Putting Theory Into Practice. Palgrave-Macmillan. pp. 191--206.
    This chapter draws attention to the principles, governance, and coproduction of the creative ageing policy. It shows possibilities of using alternative solutions and interventions within the one policy concept. The chapter also underlines the opportunities related to experimentation in policy design.
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  45.  9
    Governing through regulation: public policy, regulation and the law.Eric L. Windholz - 2018 - New York: Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group.
    Introduction -- The rise of regulatory governance -- Theories of regulation -- Regulatory space and regulatory regimes -- Policy processes and the regulatory policy cycle -- Bad, better and legitimate regulation -- Define: agenda-setting, issue diagnosis and objective setting -- Design: regime variables; option generation -- Decide: regime assessment and selection -- Implement: regime deployment, application and execution -- Evaluate: assessment of regulatory policy and regime -- The future of regulatory governance -- Conclusion.
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  46.  14
    Policy Mortality and UK Government Education Policy for Schools in England.Helen Gunter & Steve Courtney - 2023 - British Journal of Educational Studies 71 (4):353-371.
    Successive UK governments have adopted failure as a strategy in the reform of public education in England: first, to construct crises in order to blame professionals/parents/children for a failing system; and second, to provide rescue solutions that are designed to fail in order to sustain the change imperative. We describe this as policy mortality, or the integration of systemic and organisational ‘death’ within reform design. Our research demonstrates the interplay between the blame for the ‘wrong’ type of school, leader, (...)
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  47.  42
    Corporate Social Responsibility and Government: The Role of Discretion for Engagement with Public Policy.Jette Steen Knudsen & Jeremy Moon - 2022 - Business Ethics Quarterly 32 (2):243-271.
    We investigate the relationship of corporate social responsibility (CSR) (often assumed to reflect corporate voluntarism) and government (often assumed to reflect coercion). We distinguish two broad perspectives on the CSR and government relationship: thedichotomous(i.e., government and CSR are / should be independent of one another) and therelated(i.e., government and CSR are / should be interconnected). Using typologies of CSR public policy and of CSR and the law, we present an integrated framework for corporate discretion for (...)
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  48.  4
    Governance and Territorial Cohesion Through Policies and Good Practices: A Focus on Local Development.Flavia María Vargas Mursulí, Xavier Amat Montesino & Renier Esquivel Garcia - forthcoming - Evolutionary Studies in Imaginative Culture:369-381.
    The concept of governance initially emerged in the field of economics and business management with the objective of achieving greater efficiency. It was subsequently extended to the field of government management. In many countries, governance has become a topic of great importance as a result of the implementation of decentralization policies and the extension of popular participation in land use plans in the search for sustainable development. The study, developed in the Decentralized Autonomous Government of Portoviejo canton in (...)
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  49. Drug Policy, Paternalism and the Limits of Government Intervention.Daniel Hirst - 2020 - International Journal of Political Theory 4 (1):54-73.
    Gerald Dworkin provides an insightful starting point for determining acceptable paternalism through his commitment to protecting our future autonomy and health from lasting damage. Dworkin grounds his argument in an appeal to inherent goods, which this paper argues is best considered as a commitment to human flourishing. However, socialconnectedness is also fundamental to human flourishing and an important consideration when determining the just limits of paternalistic drug controls, a point missing from Dworkin’ essay. For British philosopher Thomas Hill Green, regulation (...)
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  50.  33
    Globalisation and local innovation system: The implementation of government policies to the formation of science parks in Japan. [REVIEW]Sang-Chul Park - 2001 - AI and Society 15 (3):263-279.
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