The problem of measurement is often considered an inconsistency inside the quantum formalism. Many attempts to solve it have been made since the inception of quantum mechanics. The form of these attempts depends on the philosophical position that their authors endorse. I will review some of them and analyze their relevance. The phenomenon of decoherence is often presented as a solution lying inside the pure quantum formalism and not demanding any particular philosophical assumption. Nevertheless, a widely debated question is to (...) decide between two different interpretations. The first one is to consider that the decoherence process has the effect to actually project a superposed state into one of its classically interpretable component, hence doing the same job as the reduction postulate. For the second one, decoherence is only a way to show why no macroscopic superposed state can be observed, so explaining the classical appearance of the macroscopic world, while the quantum entanglement between the system, the apparatus and the environment never disappears. In this case, explaining why only one single definite outcome is observed remains to do. In this paper, I examine the arguments that have been given for and against both interpretations and defend a new position, the “Convivial Solipsism”, according to which the outcome that is observed is relative to the observer, different but in close parallel to the Everett’s interpretation and sharing also some similarities with Rovelli’s relational interpretation and Quantum Bayesianism. I also show how “Convivial Solipsism” can help getting a new standpoint about the EPR paradox providing a way out of the seemingly unavoidable non-locality of quantum mechanics. (shrink)

The hermeneutic context of scientific activity requires that scientific discovery be attributed not only to historical factors but also to transcendental factors (in the sense exemplified by Kant and Husserl, but without their respective idealism). Together these factors can account for a scientific discovery. This is manifest in the invention of Relativity by Einstein. Thomas Kuhn considered the first factors and neglected the seconds. As a consequence the "paradigms" are, for him, incommensurable. But this negligence is the effect of a (...) "positivism of mentalities" which replaced in Kuhn the positivism of facts. This residual positivism is not alleviated by the relativist theses that the last Kuhn borrowed from his colleague, the philosopher Quine. In the line of this positivism and relativism, the successors of Kuhn and Quine are obliged to under-estimate the value of scientific knowledge. (shrink)

Octavia Butler depicts a character with physical or mental disability in each of her works. Yet scholars hesitate to discuss her work in terms that emphasize the intersection with disability. Two salient questions arise: How might it change Butler scholarship if we situated intersectional embodied experience as a central locus for understanding her work? Once we privilege such intersectionality, how might this transform our understanding of the aesthetics of the novel? In this paper, I reorient the criticism of Butler's work (...) such that disability becomes one of the social categories under consideration. I read two prominent analyses of Butler's work because their interpretations—black feminist in orientation—centralize black female identity as a category of analysis. I contend these analyses grapple with ideas that can only be fully understood with disability as an integral portion of the discussion. Since categories of analysis like race, disability, and gender require and create cultural tropes and challenge accepted forms, I outline three components of Butler's aesthetic: open-ended conclusions that frustrate the narrative cohesion associated with the novel form, intricate depictions of power that potentially alienate the able-bodied reader, and contained literary chaos that upends the idea of ontological fixity. (shrink)

Contrairement à Auguste Compte qui voyait dans la famille organisé autour d’un couple hétérosexuel procréateur non seulement la véritable base de la société, mais aussi, par déduction, la justification des différences naturelles des sexes jusqu’à la subordination de la femme à l’homme, Durkheim s’emploie à démontrer que les différences observables entre les deux sexes ne sont en aucun cas naturelles, mais bien le produit de la division sexuée du travail, ce qui revient à rompre radicalement avec les représentations dominantes à (...) son époque. Par ailleurs, la famille conjugale n’est pas, selon lui, la modèle vers lequel tendrait notre nature, mais bien une institution sociale, autrement dit une construction, dont la cohérence normative résulte avant tout de la division du travail. Marcel Mauss poursuivra le travail de distanciation de son oncle en franchissant une autre étape. Les progrès fulgurants de l’ethnographie au début du XXe siècle permirent en effet à ce dernier de démontrer que plus on s’éloigne du modèle des sociétés modernes, plus la division par sexes est forte. Loin d’être le produit d’une conception naturelle des différences, les rapports entre les sexes dans les sociétés polysegmentaires relèvent en réalité de la règle et par conséquent d’une division "par sexes". Ce n’est pas à la perfection de la nature humaine et à la civilisation que l’on doit la distinction des qualités masculines et féminines puisque la division par sexes était déjà réglementée dans les sociétés dites "primitives". (shrink)

Dans la gestion peu évangélique des délits sexuels, commis par des clercs, l’ecclésiologie catholique courante a montré des faiblesses systémiques, qu’illustre particulièrement l’usage de la dichotomie « sacerdoce et laïcat » dans la forme qu’a favorisée le tridentinisme. Ce dernier a compris l’ordination moins comme accès au pastorat d’une Eglise et plus comme une dotation personnelle de pouvoirs sacramentels, sans liens nécessaires avec une Église locale. Ce modèle connaît sa fin en Occident, malgré son exaltation récente, conjuguée à celle des (...) nouveaux mouvements. Le renouveau passerait par une plus grande responsabilisation des diocèses et de leurs évêques, allant de pair avec une synodalité effective, un statut renouvelé du clergé et une révision de la théologie de la vocation aux ministères ordonnés, dans le sens rappelé par saint Pie X. (shrink)

BackgroundAt the start of 2021, oncologists lacked the necessary scientific knowledge to adapt their clinical practices optimally when faced with cancer patients refusing or reluctant to be vaccinated against COVID-19, despite the marked vulnerability of these patients to severe, and even fatal forms of this new viral infectious disease. Oncologists at Foch Hospital were confronted with this phenomenon, which was observed worldwide, in both the general population and the population of cancer patients.MethodsBetween April and November 2021, the Ethics and Oncology (...) Departments of Foch Hospital decided to investigate this subject, through an empirical and interdisciplinary study in bioethics. Our scientific objective was to try to identify and resolve the principal bio-ethical issues, with a view to improving clinical practices in oncology during future major pandemics of this kind, from a highly specific bio-ethical standpoint. We used a mainly qualitative methodological approach based on questionnaires and interviews.ResultsIn April 2021, 29 cancer patients refused or were reluctant to be vaccinated. Seventeen of these patients said that making vaccination mandatory would have helped them to accept vaccination. In October 2021, only 10 cancer patients continued to maintain their refusal. One of the main reasons for the decrease in refusals was probably the introduction of the “pass sanitaire” in July 2021, which rendered vaccination indispensable for many activities. However, even this was not sufficient to convince these 10 cancer patients.ConclusionWe identified a key bio-ethical issue, which we then tried to resolve: vaccination policy. We characterized a major tension between “the recommendation of anti-COVID-19 vaccination” and “free will”, and the duty to “protect each other”. Mandatory vaccination, at least in France, could resolve this tension, with positive effects on quality of life, or survival, in cancer patients initially refusing or reluctant to be vaccinated, but only if collective and individual scales are clearly distinguished. (shrink)

Ghost Image is made up of sixty-three short essays—meditations, memories, fantasies, and stories bordering on prose poems—and not a single image. Hervé Guibert’s brief, literary rumination on photography was written in response to Roland Barthes’s Camera Lucida, but its deeply personal contents go far beyond that canonical text. Some essays talk of Guibert’s parents and friends, some describe old family photographs and films, and spinning through them all are reflections on remembrance, narcissism, seduction, deception, death, and the phantom images (...) that have been missed. Both a memoir and an exploration of the artistic process, Ghost Image not only reveals Guibert’s particular experience as a gay artist captivated by the transience and physicality of his media and his life, but also his thoughts on the more technical aspects of his vocation. In one essay, Guibert searches through a cardboard box of family portraits for clues—answers, or even questions—about the lives of his parents and more distant relatives. Rifling through vacation snapshots and the autographed images of long-forgotten film stars, Guibert muses, “I don’t even recognize the faces, except occasionally that of an aunt or great-aunt, or the thin, fair face of my mother as a young girl.” In other essays, he explains how he composes his photographs, and how—in writing—he seeks to escape and correct the inherent limits of his technique, to preserve those images lost to his technical failings as a photographer. With strains of Jean Genet and recurring themes that speak to the work of contemporary artists across a range of media, Guibert’s Ghost Image is a beautifully written, melancholic ode to existence and art forms both fleeting and powerful—a unique memoir at the nexus of family, memory, desire, and photography. (shrink)

The moral philosophy of Levinas offers a stark prospectus of impossibility for corporate ethics. It differs from most traditional ethical theories in that, for Levinas, the ethical develops in a personal meeting of one with the Other, rather than residing in some internal deliberation of the moral subject. Levinasian ethics emphasises an infinite personal responsibility arising for each of us in the face of the Other and in the presence of the Third. It stresses the imperious demand we experience to (...) be open to, prepared for and impassioned with that which we may not know, or recognise, about ourselves or about the Other. Such a demand transcends our intellectual and/or rational potential; it involves us in a carnal and somatic bodily experience of otherness. If we are to speak of Levinasian ethics in a business context, it cannot be a matter of corporate ethics but only a matter of individual managerial ethics. What such an ethics would be like is yet to be outlined. This paper proposes a series of questions and suggestions that will explicate some key terms of a practice organised around a Levinasian vocabulary of otherness, responsibility, proximity, diachrony and justice. (shrink)

A large number of physicists now admit that quantum mechanics is a non-local theory. The EPR argument and the many experiments showing the violation of Bell’s inequalities seem to have confirmed convincingly that quantum mechanics cannot be local. Nevertheless, this conclusion can only be drawn inside a standard realist framework assuming an ontic interpretation of the wave function and viewing the collapse of the wave function as a real change of the physical state of the system. We show that this (...) standpoint is not mandatory and that if the collapse is not considered an actual physical change it is possible to recover locality. (shrink)

Network Analysis is considered as a new method that challenges Latent Variable models in inferring psychological attributes. With Network Analysis, psychological attributes are derived from a complex system of components without the need to call on any latent variables. But the ontological status of psychological attributes is not adequately defined with Network Analysis, because a psychological attribute is both a complex system and a property emerging from this complex system. The aim of this article is to reappraise the legitimacy of (...) latent variable models by engaging in an ontological and epistemological discussion on psychological attributes. Psychological attributes relate to the mental equilibrium of individuals embedded in their social interactions, as robust attractors within complex dynamic processes with emergent properties, distinct from physical entities located in precise areas of the brain. Latent variables thus possess legitimacy, because the emergent properties can be conceptualized and analyzed on the sole basis of their manifestations, without exploring the upstream complex system. However, in opposition with the usual Latent Variable models, this article is in favor of the integration of a dynamic system of manifestations. Latent Variables models and Network Analysis thus appear as complementary approaches. New approaches combining Latent Network Models and Network Residuals are certainly a promising new way to infer psychological attributes, placing psychological attributes in an inter-subjective dynamic approach. Pragmatism-realism appears as the epistemological framework required if we are to use latent variables as representations of psychological attributes. (shrink)

Eigenfeatures are created by the principal component approach (PCA) used on objects described by a low-level code (i.e., pixels, Gabor jets). We suggest that eigenfeatures act like the flexible features described by Schyns et al. They are particularly suited for face processing and give rise to class-specific effects such as the other-race effect. The PCA approach can be modified to accommodate top-down constraints.

Νέα μελέτη τῆς ἐπιτύμβιας στήλης αὐτοῦ τοῦ ἐμπόρου δούλων, πού βρέθηκε στήν 'Αμφίπολη καί ἔχει μελετηθεῖ πολλές φορές. Τό ἄρθρο παρουσιάζει τή σημερινή κατάσταση τῆς στήλης, προτείνει χρονολογία στά πρῶτα μεταχριστιανικά χρόνια καί δίνει μιά ἀνάλυση τοῦ νεκρικοῦ δείπνου, ὅπως ἐπίσης καί τῶν ἄλλων ἀνάγλυφων πού συνθέτουν αὐτό τό μνημεῖο. Τό πρόσωπο τοῦ κεντρικοῦ πίνακα, πού κρατάει ἀμφορέα καί οἰνοχόη, ἑρμηνεύεται χάρη σέ ἕναν τριπλό εἰκονογραφικό παραλληλισμό. Ή παράσταση μπορεί νά ἐξηγηθεί σάν ἀπεικόνιση τής οἰνοποιΐας καί τῆς μεταφορᾶς τοῦ κρασιοῦ. (...) Παριστάνεται ἔτσι ὁ τρόπος πού ἀποκτοῦν τους δούλους τοῦ κάτω διαζώματος : τό ἐμπόριο τοῦ κρασιοῦ. Συμπεραίνεται ἡ κοινωνική θέση αὐτοῦ τοῦ ἀπελεύθερου συγκρίνωντας τον μέ τόν Trimalcion τοῦ Σατυρικοῦ τοῦ Πετρόνιου. (shrink)

BackgroundImplementing responsible conduct of research and monitoring bad practices requires time and tact. In France, it was in 2015 that the wishes of those in charge of research proposed the appointment of research integrity officers (RIOs) in all universities, national higher education schools, and research institutions. Our objectives were to search for information to describe the RI development and to analyze the RIOs’ profiles.MethodsThe OFIS (Office Français de l’Intégrité Scientifique) website lists all public research institutions and universities (RIUs) and their (...) designated RIOs. During the period between 6 and 14 October 2018, and on 2 May 2019 (updating), we entered two keywords (“plagiat” and “intégrité”) into the search engines on the RIU homepages and retrieved the relevant information (including “research” and “scientific” integrity when “intégrité” was entered). We consulted the governance and downloaded the organigram to determine whether the RIO positions and names were mentioned. We searched for the domains of expertise, sex, and age of the RIOs from their CVs (institutional websites), LinkedIn profiles, and various Google links.ResultsThe OFIS website lists 142 RIUs. Searching for the keyword “plagiarism” retrieved 25 RIUs; however, the web information was minimal, and consisted entirely of charters, interviews, and rare training modules. The keyword “integrity” turned up 23 RIUs. Nonetheless, there was little information available beyond notices for seminars, events, and a few training modules. Of the total 142 RIUs, 66.2% (n = 94) had named 96 RIOs. Furthermore, 29.2% RIOs (n = 28) were female and 70.8% (n = 68) were male; 38 RIOs were retired (> 65 years old) 58 were active (< 65 years old), and had a RIO function added to their usual laboratory activities.ConclusionThere is a lack of information about RI on the websites of French universities and research organizations, which may reflect a lack of information and commitment in the institutions themselves. (shrink)

Despite severe amnesia, some studies showed that Alzheimer Disease patients with moderate to severe dementia keep a consistent, but impoverished representation of themselves, showing preservation of the sense of identity even at severe stages of the illness. Some studies suggest that listening to music can facilitate the reminiscence of autobiographical memories and that stimulating autobiographical memory would be relevant to support the self of these patients. Consequently, we hypothesized that repeated participation to reminiscence workshops, using excerpts of familiar songs as (...) prompts would participate to the enrichment of autobiographical memories, self-representation and sense of identity. We included a group of 20 AD patients with severe dementia residing in nursing homes. Their performances were compared to a control group of 20 matched healthy residents living in the same institutions. The experiment was conducted in three phases over a 2-week period. On phase 1, an individual assessment of sense of identity was proposed to each participant. On phase 2, participants joined musical reminiscence workshops. During the third phase, individual evaluation of autobiographical memory and a second assessment of sense of identity were proposed. Our results showed that, despite their massive amnesia syndrome, autobiographical memories of AD reached at the end of the 2 weeks the number and quality of those of matched controls. Moreover, we confirmed a continuity of self-representation in AD patients with a stable profile of the answers between the first and second individual assessments of sense of identity. However, the increase in number and episodic quality of autobiographical memories was not accompanied by an enrichment of the sense of identity. In a complementary study, new patients participated in the same paradigm, but using movie extracts as prompts, and showed very similar effects. We discuss all of these results with regard to the literature showing the significant impact of repetition on the reactivation of memory traces even in very amnestic AD patients at severe stages of the disease. (shrink)

The practice and development of modern medicine requires large amounts of data, particularly in the domain of cancer. The future of personalized medicine lies neither with “genomic medicine” nor with “precision medicine”, but with “data medicine”. The establishment of this DM has required far-reaching changes, to establish four essential elements connecting patients and doctors: biobanks, databases, bioinformatic platforms and genomic platforms. The “transformation” of scientific research areas, such as genetics, bioinformatics and biostatistics, into clinical specialties has generated a new vision (...) of care. Molecular tumor boards are one response to these changes and are now providing better access to next-generation sequencing and new cancer treatments to patients with inoperable or metastatic cancers, and those for whom the usual treatment has failed. However, MTB face a crucial ethical challenge: maintaining and improving the trust of patients, clinicians, researchers and industry in academic medical centers supported by private or public funding rather than providing genetic data directly to private companies. We believe that, in this era of DM, appropriate modern digital communication networks will be required to maintain this trust and to improve the organization and effectiveness of the system. There is, therefore, a need to reconsider the form and content of informed consent documents at all academic medical centers and to introduce dynamic and electronic informed consent. (shrink)

In a recent paper (Zwirn in Phys Essays 30: 3, 2017), I argued against backward in time effects used by several authors to explain delayed choice experiments. I gave an explanation showing that there is no physical influence propagating from the present to the past and modifying the state of the system at a time previous to the measurement. However, though the solution is straightforward in the case of delayed choice experiments involving only one particle, it is subtler in the (...) case of experiments involving two entangled particles because they give rise to EPR-like situations. Considering that a measurement is not an actual change of the physical state of a system and is relative to the observer allows to understand that there is neither backward in time effects nor instantaneous collapse of the second system when the first one is measured, as is often postulated. This allows also to get rid of any non-locality (Zwirn in Found Phys 50:1–26, 2020). In this paper, I want to go further into the consequences of this way of considering the measurement, that I have called Convivial Solipsism, and show that even if, in the usual sense, there is no physical effect of the present or of the future on the past, we must nevertheless consider that the observer’s past is sometimes not entirely determined and that it becomes determined only when certain measurements are done latter. This apparent contradiction disappears if one understand that each observer builds, through her own measurements, her own world (that I call the phenomenal world in Convivial Solipsism) which is different from what we are used to consider as the common world shared by everybody. (shrink)

La médecine personnalisée expérimente dans le cadre du cancer, ou thérapies ciblées, ou encore médecine prédictive, voire médecine de précision. toutes ces appellations sous-entendent un domaine qui s'ébauche tant au niveau de la recherche qu'à celui de la clinique. Ce domaine se constitue de pratiques, de normes qui s'élaborent et de règles qui établissent de véritables limites. Ce volume présente ce que les disciplines du droit, de la biologie, de la médecine et de la philosophie ont à dire conjointement sur (...) ce nouvel objet qui déjà intéresse au-delà du cancer toutes les maladies chroniques. Ce volume rassemble ainsi les réflexions de tous les pionniers de ce domaine sous la coordination de Michèle Jean-Stanton du Centre de Recherche de Droit Public (CRDP) de l'Université de Montréal et de Christian Hervé de l'Université Sorbonne Paris Cité. Leurs expressions, ainsi exposées à la suite d'un séminaire qu'ils ont tous suivi consciencieusement, affirment ainsi une certaine idée, une éthique même de ces nouvelles pratiques non encore totalement réglementées. (shrink)

Les notions d'identite et de difference recoupent celles de l'un et du multiple, du meme et de l'autre, de l'etre et du devenir. La pensee de Nicolas de Cues les a analysees avec une profondeur inegalee dans une oeuvre qui demeure meconnue et qui est, cependant, d'une actualite etonnante. Dans la Docte ignorance, le Cusain enseigne que Dieu est unite, egalite de l'unite avec l'unite et connexion de l'unite et de l'egalite. Que serait, en effet, une unite differente de l'unite, (...) une unite qui ne serait plus une? Nicolas de Cues repond qu'il ne peut y avoir d'egalite sans unite. Dans son opuscule De aequalitate, il developpera la these qu'il n'y a pas d'unite parfaite sans egalite. Des lors, quelle place donner... la difference, s'il ne peut y avoir une autre unite que l'unite? Si l'unite se donne... soi dans une repetition de soi, comment cette repetition peut-elle se distinguer de la differenciation? Telle est la problematique abordee dans les Actes du colloque qui s'est tenu... Rennes sous la direction de Herve Pasqua publies dans notre collection. (shrink)

Les idées de démocratie délibérative et de politique de la reconnaissance ont été forgées en vue de répondre aux insuffisances du libéralisme politique. Les implications normatives de ces deux idées ne sont pas, ainsi qu’on le croit parfois, conflictuelles. En effet, le principe normatif sous-jacent aux demandes politiques de reconnaissance, l’éradication des sources sociales de mésestime, ne peut être honoré que par la délibération publique. Toutefois l’aptitude et la disposition des citoyens à entrer dans le processus délibératif présuppose des formes (...) de reconnaissance prédélibératives dans le cadre de la division sociale du travail et un usage public de la raison attentif aux effets de mésestime qu’il peut engendrer.The ideas of a deliberative democracy and of a politics of recognition were designed to overcome some difficulties inherent to political liberalism. The normative implications of one is not opposed to those of the other, because the normative principle underlying the political struggles for recognition — the elimination of social sources of misrecognition — has to be implemented through public deliberation. Nevertheless, the citizens’ ability and motivation to take part in public deliberation depend on predeliberative forms of recognition, especially their inclusion in the social division of work. They require also that citizens pay close attention to the effects of misrecognition brought about by their public use of reason. (shrink)

Les quatre textes qui suivent tentent d'analyser dans la littérature québécoise et française récente les manifestations d'une société en mutation, désireuse ou non de rompre avec les stéréotypes de sexes, de revisiter et réconcilier féminin et masculin. Les écrivaines, avec quelques belles longueurs d'avance, continuent de vouloir à la fois le corps et l'esprit, la vie et la fiction, de jongler avec l'altérité et les identités plurielles et de travailler des textes ûctionnels, théoriques et incamés, qui prennent en compte le (...) réel Leur travail de réflexion et de création ne cesse, en fait, d'interroger les artifices de l'art, les mensonges de la petite et de la grande histoire, et de prouver qu'on ne peut impunément dissocier éthique et esthétique ! Le thème de l'autobiographie foetale qui hante la littérature masculine récente est très représentatif de la masculinité en crise; il cristallise ses angoisses, ses résistances ou sa nouvelle quête émotive, affective et corporelle.The following four-part paper try to analyse in recent quebecer and french littérature the manifestations of a changing society, wether it be willing or not to break with gender stereotypes and reconcile the masculine/feminine dichotomy. Female writers still show leadership in wanting both body and mind, life and fiction; in thinking ofalterity and multiple identities; and in working at fictionnal, theoretical and incarnate texts wich take reality into considerations. Their reflexion and creation in effect never stops questionning the artistic device, the lies of both small and big history to prove that we cannot inconsiderately dissociate Ethics from Esthetics ! The foetal autobiography team now haunting recent male littérature is very representative of the masculinity crisis; it cristallizes his anguish resistances or his new emotive, affective and corporeal quest. (shrink)

Hervé Barreau | : Dans la Leçon inaugurale au Collège de France et dans un article de 1942 que Lavelle écrivit sur la pensée religieuse d’Henri Bergson, nous trouvons des témoignages frappants sur l’héritage spirituel que Lavelle reçut de Bergson : d’abord, un encouragement à rompre avec le positivisme et le kantisme ; ensuite, une doctrine du réalisme spirituel que Lavelle interpréta comme une théorie de la participation ; et enfin, une valorisation du passé où Lavelle vit « l’avenir (...) de l’avenir » et le lieu jamais immuable de la constitution de la personne. | : In his Inaugural Lecture at the Collège de France and in an article on Henri Bergson’s religious thought (1942), published shortly after Bergson’s death, one finds striking testimonies of the spiritual inheritance Lavelle received from Bergson : first an encouragement to break with positivism and Kantianism ; second, a doctrine of spiritual realism which Lavelle interpreted as a theory of participation ; and finally, an enhancement of the past wherein Lavelle saw “the future of the future” and the never immutable place for the constitution of the person. (shrink)

Dans le contexte de laïcisation des espaces publics, les émissions de « libre antenne » radiophonique pour adolescents témoignent d'une dissolution de la parole experte au profit d'une parole commune ou doxique et de ce que l'on appellera un « programme communicationnel ». Ce dernier s'avère bien plus consistant que ce que l'on veut bien souvent accorder au monde des médias, puisqu'il est porteur sinon d'un ordre moral, au moins de « valeurs » sur la sexualité et les relations amoureuses.In (...) the context of secularization of public spaces, issues of "free air" radio show for teenagers dissolution of the word expert in favor of a common word or doxic and that the we call a "communicational program." This is much more substantial than what we often want to give the media world, since otherwise carries a moral, at least "values" on sexuality and relationships. (shrink)

A geometrical model of the emergence of a primordium at the shoot apex in dicotyledons is proposed. It is based on recent fundamental results on plant morphogenesis, i.e.:- the emergence is preceded by the reorganization of the microtubules of the cortical cytoskeleton, leading to a new orientation of the synthesis of the cell wall microfibrils; - the resulting global stress is related to the general orientation of the cell growth. So the model sums up the continuous interactions linking the microtubules, (...) the microfibrils and the cell growth axis. (shrink)

La génétique est une science qui avance à pas de géants et influence de plus en plus nos perceptions des problèmes de société et de santé. Selon le philosophe-médecin Hank ten Have, "La culture occidentale serait profondément entraînée dans un processus de généticisation" qui touche de nombreuses sphères de la vie humaine. Comment cette nouvelle "donne" affecte-t-elle les questions de responsabilité? Comment dessiner les contours de cette notion? Le glissement de la génétique vers la "généticisation" entraîne-t-il une déresponsabilisation ou même (...) la destruction des valeurs démocratiques? Les normes juridiques et les encadrements éthiques actuels sont-ils suffisants pour encadrer les progrès de la génétique? Comment une société peut-elle faire face à la "généticisation"? Les contributions du présent ouvrage sont issues du septième séminaire d'experts de l'IIREB et émanent d'experts franco-québécois de disciplines variées, juristes, médecins, philosophes, historiens, sociologues, éthiciens, anthropologues qui ont confronté leurs points de vue sur cette question. Puisse cet ouvrage collectif contribuer, tant pour les citoyens, les pouvoirs publics et les chercheurs à enrichir leur réflexion! (shrink)

À partir d’une étude de cas portant sur le « scandale des fiches », qui mit en cause les pratiques de surveillance de la police politique suisse, nous montrons que, contrairement à ce qu’affirment nombre de travaux, l’ampleur du scandale ne peut-être déduite de celle de l’indignation pas plus que cette dernière ne peut être rapportée à la gravité supposée de transgressions. Un scandale n’émerge que si des acteurs, à partir de leur évaluation de la situation et de leurs perceptions (...) du possible, s’autorisent à exprimer publiquement une indignation, qu’elle soit feinte ou sincère, et parviennent à imposer une qualification déviante des pratiques concernées entraînant des mobilisations dans plusieurs espaces sociaux. En déplaçant la focale sur la dynamique émergente de mobilisations multisectorielles, nous plaidons pour une approche relationnelle et processuelle de la dimension émotionnelle du scandale, inséparable de sa dimension cognitive. (shrink)

Tribe and State: The Dynamics of International Politics and the Reign of Zimri-Lim. By Adam E. Miglio. Gorgias Studies in the Ancient Near East, vol. 8. Piscataway: Gorgias Press, 2014. Pp. xvi + 271, maps. $95.