Buddhism became established as a state religion in Korea during the sixth century, and was able to maintain that status with relatively little opposition throughout the Unified Silla and Koryô periods. However, at the end of the Koryô, the Buddhist establishment ended up in a serious confrontation with a rising Korean Neo Confucian polemical movement, a confrontation in which it would end up being the clear loser. The nature of the developing Neo Confucian polemic was twofold. The first aspect was (...) an outcry against the economic privileges and excessive government influence of the Buddhist church. The second was a philosophical/religious opposition to Buddhist doctrine and practice, which had developed out of the writings of the Sung Neo Confucian architects, most important of whom were the two Ch'eng brothers and Chu Hsi. (shrink)

『모호한 군중』은 현대인의 도덕성에 전하는 철학적 메시지를 담았다. 바쁜 일상 속에서 자칫 잊기 쉬운 ‘그대 안의 도덕성’을 일깨워야 한다는 저자의 외침들은 우리로 하여금 많은 생각을 하게 한다.

Alters the landscape of Lacanian film theory by revealing an "emancipatory drive" in transnational cinema.

Summary Between the 1860s and the 1910s, British acoustics was transformed from an area of empirical research into a mathematically organized field. Musical motives—improving musical scales and temperaments, making better musical instruments, and understanding the nature of musical tones—were among the major driving forces of acoustical researchers in nineteenth-century Britain. The German acoustician, Helmholtz, had a major impact on British acousticians who also had extensive interactions with American and French acousticians. Rayleigh's acoustics, reflecting all these features, bore remarkable fruit in (...) his treatise The Theory of Sound, which successfully subjected empirical acoustics to analytical mathematics. His accomplishments made British acoustics a subfield of physics, thus distinguishing it from the ‘new acoustics’ in early twentieth-century America. (shrink)

Summary The resonator and the tuning fork were major instruments in acoustics in the latter half of the nineteenth-century. In particular, the third Baron Rayleigh made extensive use of these instruments throughout his long career as an experimentalist. These instruments underwent a number of alterations during their use as central experimental tools in acoustics. Functional and structural alterations were introduced in the adaptation of these instruments to several major acousticians’ experimental settings. Rayleigh not only adopted the two instruments as objects (...) of mathematical and experimental investigation but also employed them ingeniously for various purposes. His continuing creation of a variety of uses and forms of these instruments contributed to focusing acoustics on pure tones and musical sounds until the early twentieth century. (shrink)

Nicht nur die Rezeptivität unseres menschlichen Erkenntnisvermögens, sondern auch seine Spontaneität, womit es von sich aus reine Vorstellungen a priori hervorbringt, machen gerade darin seine Grenze offenkundig, weil es nur seinen subjektiven Vorstellungen gemäss etwas erkennen kann und muss. Ein solches allein, was unseren apriorischen Vorstellungen gemäss uns erscheint, können wir als einen Gegenstand erkennen. Diese apriorischen Vorstellungen konstituieren also die Gegenständlichkeit von etwas als einem so-und-so erkannten Gegenstand. Ein von uns so-und-so erkannter Gegenstand ist aber nur eine Erscheinung von (...) etwas, was an sich uns unbekannt ist, was jedoch gerade in seiner Erscheinung sein Dasein bekundet. (shrink)

Despite widespread discussion of the impact of corporate social responsibility activities on consumer perceptions, little research has examined how consumers cope with CSR-based crisis response messages as a bolstering strategy. To fill this gap, we propose a framework integrating situational crisis communication theory with the persuasion knowledge model, applying the model to an experiment with a 2 × 2 × 2 between-subjects factorial design. In Study 1, we found interaction effects between CSR motives and crisis type on word-of-mouth intention and (...) purchase intention. In addition, inferences about CSR motives interacted with perceptions about CSR history on purchase intention. In Study 2, we replicated study 1 and found that crisis responsibility mediated the main effect of crisis type on behavioral intentions, but neither the main effect of CSR motives and CSR history nor the interactions effects among those variables were mediated by crisis responsibility. Our results indicate that consumer inferences from a company’s CSR-based crisis communications play a significant role in increasing consumer behavioral intentions in two situations: when a crisis is accidental and when a CSR history is short. Ethical and theoretical implications are discussed. (shrink)

This book explores Neo-Confucianism and its relationship to politics by examining the life and work of the two iconic figures of the Joseon dynasty Yi Hwang, (1501-1570, Toegye) and Yi I (1536-1584, Yulgok).

In the near future, robots will function in social roles and attempt to influence the user’s behavior and / or thinking. The current contribution analyses how to influence robot influence: Persuasive robots can be personalized to make them more effective. We present an overview of (1) the user characteristics to which persuasive robots can be personalized, (2) considering the specific current situation of a user; and (3) the robot characteristics that can be personalized. Thereby, we give an overview of how (...) the persuasive robot’s physical appearance, behavior, (perceived) cognition and affect can be influenced to characteristics of the user (personalized) in order to make the robot more persuasive and thereby to understand better how the persuasive power of an embodied artificial social entity can be influenced. (shrink)

By exploring various cultural implications of the dildo in relation to representations of lesbian sexuality, this article seeks to examine the influences of psychoanalysis on our cultural understanding of ‘dildonics’. This examination, moreover, seeks to reread the dildo through the lens of an alternative interpretive model that relies on Donna Haraway's ‘Informatics of Domination’, or ‘the translation of the world into a problem of coding’. By shifting our attention to information theory, which emphasizes pattern and randomness over absence and presence, (...) this article shows how the dildo operates as a technological extension which mutates its lesbian user and rearticulates dildonics in post-gender terms. Such a transformation is capable of disrupting any sense that the dildo operates as a simulacral penis or as indicative of a lesbian's repressed desire for a male lover. (shrink)

Background: Several studies have investigated the experiences of first-generation immigrant nurses in new workplaces. Yet, little is known about how native nurses and newcomers collaborate in their care for aging residents in European nursing homes. Objective: To gain a deeper understanding of interactions between first-generation immigrant nurses and native nurses in their care for aging residents in a Dutch nursing home. Methods: Ethnography, including 105 h of shadowing immigrant and native nurses, 8 semi-structured interviews with 4 immigrant and 4 established (...) nurses, and 2 focus group discussions with 8 immigrant and 6 established nurses in a Dutch nursing home. Data were analyzed by a post-positivist grounded theory coding approach. Ethical consideration: The Medical Ethical Review Committee of the Leiden University Medical Center approved this study. Results: The interactions between established staff and newcomers were influenced by norms, rules and regulations, policies and protocols. In daily practice and institutional structure, we observed both opportunities and challenges. The strict time schedules and the requisite standards of care were opportunities related to nurses’ expectations. Residents’ needs were sometimes challenging and inhibited newcomers’ active participation. However, sometimes new practices were developed where nurses created common ground, tinkered, and formed an inclusive playing field to enact good care. Conclusion/ discussion: This study shows that despite obstacles, there was room to make small changes in the rules of the game of nursing. These moments of tinkering may be sufficient to establish a stable, inclusive workforce for first-generation immigrants and give room to the evolvement of hybrid professional identities. Implications: The findings of this Dutch study are relevant for nursing ethics related to “good care” and nurses in other cultural contexts on how the integration of immigrant nurses in European countries in general could be facilitated. (shrink)