Julián Sanz del Río, founder of the philosophical movement of Spanish krausism, evolved politically from the moderate to the progressive liberalism between 1844 and 1854. His moderate friends ignored this occurrence, and supported him, until his reviews of two french books published in the Gaceta de Madrid, denounced for heterodoxy by the traditionalist press and then by the Bishops from Barcelona and Zamora, revealed to them his true true political positions and his anticlericalism.

Julián Sanz del Río, fundador del movimiento filosófico del krausismo español, evolucionó políticamente desde el liberalismo moderado al progresista entre 1844 y 1854. Sus amigos moderados desconocían esta circunstancia, y se prestaron a ayudarlo, hasta que una recensión de dos libros franceses publicada en la Gaceta de Madrid, denunciada primero por la prensa tradicionalista por heterodoxia, y luego por los Obispos de Barcelona y Zamora, permitió conocer su verdaderos planteamientos políticos y su anticlericalismo.

Este artículo examina una doble y contrapuesta línea de recepción del pensamiento de Max Weber en el mundo hispanoparlante, que hemos denominado línea “conservadora” y línea “liberal”. Este esquema interpretativo permite agrupar y reseñar a algunos de los más destacados intelectuales españoles, cuyas obras estuvieron marcadas por la influencia del pensamiento de Max Weber. Revisamos el contexto, el sentido de la recepción, la labor de traducción y el modo peculiar en que asimilaron el trabajo del autor alemán. Nos centramos, en (...) suma, en la obra de algunos renombrados filósofos, juristas y sociólogos de habla hispana, si bien limitamos nuestro análisis a la “primera generación receptora”, que fechamos en las décadas de los años 20 a los 40 del siglo XX. (shrink)

The concept of vital force – the immanent energy that promotes the processes of life in the body and in nature – has proved a source of endless fascination and controversy. Indeed, the question of what vitalizes the body has haunted humanity since antiquity, and became even more pressing during the Scientific Revolution and beyond. Examining the complexities and theories about vital force in Spanish modernity, Nicolás Fernández-Medina's Life Embodied offers a novel and provocative assessment of the question of bodily (...) life in Spain. Starting with Juan de Cabriada's landmark Carta filosófica, médico-chymica of 1687 and ending with Ramón Gómez de la Serna's avant-gardism of the 1910s, Fernández-Medina incorporates discussions of anatomy, philosophy, science, critical theory, history of medicine, and literary studies to argue that concepts of vital force served as powerful vehicles to interrogate the possibilities and limits of corporeality. Paying close attention to how the body's capabilities were conceived and strategically woven into critiques of modernity, Fernández-Medina engages the work of Miguel Boix y Moliner, Martín Martínez, Diego de Torres Villarroel, Sebastián Guerrero Herreros, Ignacio María Ruiz de Luzuriaga, Gaspar Melchor de Jovellanos, Pedro Mata y Fontanet, Ángela Grassi, Julián Sanz del Río, Miguel de Unamuno, and Pío Baroja, among others. Drawing on extensive research and analysis, Life Embodied breaks new ground as the first book to address the question of vital force in Spanish modernity. (shrink)

We look on Fernán Pérez de Guzmán as an exile not only because he lived out the last thirty years of his life in the relative seclusion of his estate in Batres; he is an exile, too, because as a poet he has long been banished from critical acclaim. For an enthusiastic view, one has to go back to the 1860s and the eulogy of the literary historian José Amador de los Ríos, according to whom Fernán Pérez's graceful didacticism deserved (...) “[el] aprecio de la verdadera crítica.” Since then, “the appreciation of true critics” has been reserved for what is now considered a canonical work of prose history, the Generaciones y semblanzas, whereas most of his poetry has been condemned for stylistic inelegance — ironically, as we shall see, one of the very qualities he seems deliberately to have cultivated. (shrink)

Este trabalho pretende descrever a denominada questão normativa, apresentada pela Professora Christine M. Korsgaard em seu The Sources of Normativity, e, depois, apresentar a filosofia moral tomista, procurando, nela, uma possível resposta ao problema. O trabalho, primeiro, introduz o pensamento moral de Korsgaard, apresentando o problema, e o seu argumento para encontrar a fonte da normatividade. Em um segundo momento, apresenta os fundamentos da teoria moral de Tomás de Aquino, aprofundando-se, especialmente, no estudo do ato voluntário – dado seu caráter (...) central no estudo da moral – e da ordenação dos atos ao fim. Por fim, procura-se compreender a natureza da lei moral, com destaque para as noções de obrigação e de sanção. (shrink)

Este artigo é um recorte do projeto de pesquisa “Leitura de imagens no ensino de História: um estudo sobre mudanças e permanências nas prescrições, livro didático e representações culturais”. Ele apresenta uma análise, dentre as muitas possíveis, da condição leitora na obra Cuore, escrita por Edmondo De Amicis, traduzida para o português brasileiro com o título Coração. Centenário, o livro teve sua primeira edição publicada no ano de 1886, na Itália, e tornou-se um grande sucesso editorial, principalmente por ter sido (...) adotado nas escolas. Nesta investigação, foram analisados quatro exemplares publicados na metade do século XX no Brasil, com enfoque na materialidade da obra. Buscou-se identificar as relações entre as características de apresentação do livro, identificadas nas capas, nas ilustrações e na escolha da linguagem, com a prática de leitura. Esta investigação baseia-se nas considerações de Chartier sobre o livro escolar como objeto de circulação. Outros estudos fundamentais, que tratam da análise do projeto gráfico, da função da ilustração e da leitura enquanto prática social, são aqui apresentados e discutidos, respectivamente, a partir de Collaro, Camargo e Kleiman. Como método de análise, optou-se pelo estudo bibliográfico, pela busca e análise de diálogos informais sobre a experiência leitora da obra, e por pesquisa de campo em bibliotecas e hemerotecas. Em relação aos resultados, a presente investigação permitiu concluir que: o livro Coração circulou no Brasil, sobretudo na região nordeste do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul; a padronização dos exemplares no formato bolso do livro possibilitou acessar mais facilmente os seus destinatários, inclusive pelo valor de venda, possível graças ao investimento em altas tiragens para distribuição e circulação interna na Itália e também no exterior; o projeto editorial, no decorrer do tempo, reuniu aspectos visuais que dinamizam e promovem o estímulo à leitura; a prática de leitura do livro em voz alta, usada pelos professores na escola, foi força persuasiva à leitura e contribuiu à sensibilização dos alunos aos conteúdos dos contos presentes na obra. (shrink)

El Krausismo ha sido considerado como uno de los movimientos más significativo e influyente en la historia del pensamiento español contemporáneo. Originado aparentemente en la elección arbitraria de Sanz del Río, en pocos años adquiere un importante desarrollo en los círculos intelectuales, adquiriendo una notable influencia entre el profesorado de Universidad y de Enseñanza Secundaria. Mariano Arés y Sanz fue el principal representante del movimiento en Salamanca en su dimensión más metafísica. Este artículo, tras reconstruir las líneas generales (...) de su curso de metafísica ofrece sus principales ideas acerca del conocimiento, pieza básica de su pensamiento metafísico. (shrink)

There are more philosophy teachers alive today than existed from Socrates until 1900, and this year alone there will be more "contact hours" in philosophical wisdom than in the two millenia before Descartes. One might legitimately wonder what is done with all that time and why the world is not immensely better for it. The first, if not the second, of these questions is addressed and answered in this serious, thorough and much-needed collection of essays. Eduard Fey, founder and long (...) the president of the International Society for Teachers of Philosophy, and a dozen coworkers have surveyed the historical background and present-day structure of philosophical instruction in every country of Western Europe—in sixteen essays, some as long as fifty pages, some as brief as five pages. The volume is thorough. One can learn, for example, exactly what a gymnasium senior in Luxembourg studies during his weekly three hours of philosophy. One can learn how Hans Richert tried to reform high school instruction in Germany in 1925, only to be opposed by the Catholic hierarchy’s insistence that metaphysical questions be treated only in religious instruction, or how the German Idealist Krause influenced Spanish pedagogy through his student Julian Sanz del Rio, and so on. Given the range and detail of the material, the lack of an index to the volume is keenly felt. (shrink)

ABSTRACT This article problematizes Santiago Castro-Gómez’s rupture with genealogy in favor of normative political philosophy. This rupture is characterized by a turn toward a political ontology that transforms political concepts into ontological categories that allow Castro-Gómez to posit a category of “the marginalized” as the ultimate foundation of political normativity. Through a dialogue with Frank Wilderson and Frantz Fanon, this article argues that such an ontologization of political categories, Castro-Gómez’s political ontology, leads to the reinscription of a colonial foundationalist logic (...) of the terror of exclusion and leads Castro-Gómez to erase the specificity of incommensurable struggles and to constrain political imagination. (shrink)

ABSTRACT This article elaborates a concept of localization through interpreting key arguments in Colombian philosopher Santiago Castro-Gómez’s early works grouped by the author under the name “genealogies of coloniality.” Following the role localization in his genealogies of coloniality reveals what Castro-Gómez calls “heterarchic articulations.” Heterarchic articulations delineate an analytic model of power that traces how multiple technologies and formations of power operating at different levels, from colonial geopolitics to individual “corpopolitics” of desire, converge and configure radically localized processes of subjectivation. (...) Localization understood in these terms, the author argues, allows Castro-Gómez to radicalize, transform, and combine Foucault’s genealogical approach and decolonial theory. The article concludes by showing that, besides radicalizing and combining genealogy and decoloniality, the localization at work in Castro-Gómez’s genealogies of coloniality serves to interpret theorizations and phenomena of contemporary violence by turning to Mexican transfeminist philosopher Sayak Valencia’s analysis of “gore capitalism.”. (shrink)

Omar Rivera’s Delimitations of Latin American Philosophy: Beyond Redemption is an important contribution to the interpretation of central figures and questions of the Latin American philosophical tradition, particularly Peruvian Marxist José Carlos Mariátegui and questions of identity and liberation. Rivera establishes productive dialogues between foundational figures such as Simón Bolívar, José Martí, and Mariátegui and decolonial thinkers like María Lugones, Aníbal Quijano, and Gloria Anzaldúa to posit delimitations of Latin American philosophy that might allow it to move beyond redemptive logics (...) that essentialize identities and reinscribe oppressions in narratives of liberation. This review explores the central arguments of the book and proposes a philosophical and a political issue that emerges from them. (shrink)

The skills of thinking, reading conceptions and reading practice (literacy levels) found in textbook activities for the sixth year of Primary Education in Social Sciences and Spanish Language in Spain are analyzed in this paper. A mixed methodology is used to triangulate the data, integrating the critical analysis of discourse and two types of statistical analysis: descriptive (frequencies and percentages) and inferential (χ 2, ANOVA, and the Mann-Whitney U Test). The results inform us of both the permanence and the strengthening (...) of the design of an activity oriented toward the development of traditional conceptions of linguistic-cognitive reading. In the framework of education for global citizenship, the conclusion is the need for student reading practices that begin with the principles of critical literacy directed at the acquisition of social, critical, and creative thinking skills. (shrink)

El Krausismo ha sido considerado como uno de los movimientos más significativo e influyente en la historia del pensamiento español contemporáneo. Originado aparentemente en la elección arbitraria de Sanz del Río, en pocos años adquiere un importante desarrollo en los círculos intelectuales, adquiriendo una notable influencia entre el profesorado de Universidad y de Enseñanza Secundaria. Mariano Arés y Sanz fue el principal representante del movimiento en Salamanca en su dimensión más metafísica. Este artículo, tras reconstruir las líneas generales (...) de su curso de metafísica ofrece sus principales ideas acerca del conocimiento, pieza básica de su pensamiento metafísico. (shrink)

La Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral (UNPA) es una de las tres universidades nacionales de más reciente creación en Patagonia (luego vinieron Río Negro y Tierra del Fuego). No es objeto de discusión la ampliación de oportunidades en el acceso a la educación superior que ello supuso. Sin embargo, más recientemente, la transformación de la modalidad de enseñanza de presencial a virtual valiéndose de las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación (TIC’s), visualizadas como “democratización de la educación superior”, (...) ha permitido multiplicar el número de inscriptos pero no (en términos porcentuales y a la fecha de cierre del análisis) el de egresados. En el artículo, a partir de cuantificar los diversos comportamientos, se procura dimensionar el impacto que sobre el comportamiento de la matrícula ha tenido la implementación de un modelo de Educación a Distancia sustentado en el empleo de las TIC’s (trasladando todo el proceso educativo a la mediación tecnológica en la plataforma virtual), que ha venido a suplantar la modalidad presencial (que podríamos denominar como “tradicional”, en el sentido de que conserva los rasgos centrales de una escolaridad de cursado cotidiano en el ámbito físico de la universidad).La metodología de indagación aquí utilizada es cuantitativa y se observan las carreras de educación de una de las unidades académicas de la UNPA. Las tablas permiten avanzar en el objetivo de caracterizar la dinámica de la matrícula mientras el cursado fue presencial y luego, cuando se pasó a la modalidad virtual, procurando comprender las trayectorias académicas desarrolladas por los estudiantes y el impacto que el cambio de modalidad pudo haber tenido. Como corolario, exponemos reflexiones que pueden ser útiles para seguir pensando el impacto de las TIC’s en la educación superior. (shrink)

This explorative article conceptualizes the myth as a cultural locus where different concepts are ordered forming semantic networks and as a social narrative reflecting emotional predispositions toward the social significance of an episode in the past. The article analyzes the semantic network formed within the Arthurian myth by the concepts Britain and imperium. It identifies a persistent semilogical dynamic between both concepts but shifting emotional responses and temporalities: loss and longing among the Welsh (sixth century to eleventh century), fixing the (...) memory in the past; joy among the English (twelfth century to fifteenth century), bringing the memory into the present; and anxiety and desire among Welsh and English (sixteenth century) projecting the memory to the future. During the seventeenth century, the semantic network left the Arthurian myth, which fell into a relative oblivion. (shrink)

Most people assume that criminal offenders have only been convicted of a single crime. However, in reality almost half of offenders stand to be sentenced for more than one crime. The high proportion of multiple crime offenders poses a number of practical and theoretical challenges for the criminal justice system. For instance, how should courts punish multiple offenders relative to individuals who have been sentenced for a single crime? How should they be punished relative to each other? Sentencing Multiple Crimes (...) discusses these questions from the perspective of several legal theories. This volume considers questions such as the proportionality of the crimes committed, the temporal span between the crimes, and the relationship between theories about the punitive treatment of recidivists and multiple offenders. Contributors from around the world and in the fields of legal theory, philosophy, and psychology offer their perspectives to the volume. A comprehensive examination of the dynamics involved with sentencing multiple offenders has the potential to be a powerful tool for legal scholars and professionals, particularly given the practical importance of the topic and the relative dearth of research about punishment of multiple offense cases. (shrink)

Name der Zeitschrift: Jahrbuch für Wissenschaft und Ethik Jahrgang: 19 Heft: 1 Seiten: 5-24.

The inversion principle for logical rules expresses a relationship between introduction and elimination rules for logical constants. Hallnäs & Schroeder-Heister proposed the principle of definitional reflection, which embodies basic ideas of inversion in the more general context of clausal definitions. For the context of admissibility statements, this has been further elaborated by Schroeder-Heister. Using the framework of definitional reflection and its admissibility interpretation, we show that, in the sequent calculus of minimal propositional logic, the left introduction rules are admissible when (...) the right introduction rules are taken as the definitions of the logical constants and vice versa. This generalizes the well-known relationship between introduction and elimination rules in natural deduction to the framework of the sequent calculus. (shrink)

El artículo narra la invitación realizada a Pío del Río Hortega por el doctor Gutiérrez Perrín para viajar a México e impartir allí un ciclo de trece lecciones. Tras el viaje a México, Río Hortega se traslada a La Habana donde imparte otro ciclo de conferencias.

UM PERCURSO PELO PENSAMENTO FILOSÓFICO PORTUGUÊS DESDE AS ORIGENS DA NACIONALIDADE ATÉ AO SÉC XVIII Prefácio de António Braz Teixeira Distribuído por 22 capítulos, como que síntese ou esquema, cada um deles, de uma aula ou lição, o presente livro assenta a interpretação que propõe do devir histórico da nossa reflexão filosófica, por um lado, na íntima relação da Filosofia com a língua e com a cultura e, por outro, nas relações do pensamento filosófico com os elementos mais significativos e (...) individualizadores da nossa psique colectiva, em que, para a autora, avulta o sentimento saudoso, com a sua complexa ambivalência e os seus fundos nexos com o problema ou mistério do mal e com o messianismo, o que explicaria a essencial relação, no nosso pensamento, entre razão e fé, filosofia e religião, filosofia e teologia, e a reduzida expressão da mística, ou os laços franciscanos com a natureza, o lugar do culto mariano e do Espírito Santo, aspectos para que Francisco da Cunha Leão pertinentemente chamou a atenção em O Enigma Português e Ensaio de Psicologia Portuguesa António Braz Teixeira in Prefácio. (shrink)

Georg Simon Ohm's work in the field of electricity led to what is now considered to be the most fundamental law of electrical circuits, Ohm's Law. Much less known is that only months earlier, Ohm had published another law—one that differed significantly from the now accepted one. The latter entailed a logarithmic relation between the length of the conductor and a parameter that Ohm called “loss of force.” This paper discusses how Ohm came up with an initial law that he (...) felt compelled to correct a few months later. We analyze Ohm's publication as well as his laboratory notes, relating them to our own laboratory experiences while using the replication method to study his work. We also discuss the conceptual background of Ohm's work. We conclude that he was significantly influenced by French studies in the field of electricity, most notably the ones by Charles Augustin Coulomb. (shrink)

We examine the proof-theoretic verificationist justification procedure proposed by Dummett. After some scrutiny, two distinct interpretations with respect to bases are advanced: the independent and the dependent interpretation. We argue that both are unacceptable as a semantics for propositional intuitionistic logic.

Wie war es möglich? Diese mit Blick auf den Nationalsozialismus und die Zeit von 1933 bis 1945 unausweichliche Frage stellt sich für jede Generation aufs Neue – und auf unterschiedlichen Ebenen. Im Gegensatz zur detaillierten historischen Aufarbeitung der NS-Zeit ist die philosophisch-theoretische Analyse der normativen Grundlagen des NS Systems ein bislang vernachlässigtes Gebietder Forschung. Die hier edierte Sammlung von Originaltextenführender Juristen, Rechtstheoretiker und Rechtsphilosophen, die dem nationalsozialistischen Regime loyal gegenüberstanden und an der rechtlichen Um- und Neugestaltung mitarbeiteten, will diese Lücke (...) schließen helfen und einen Beitrag zur Analyse des nationalsozialistischen Herrschaftssystems aus dem Blickwinkel der Rechtstheorie und Rechtsphilosophie leisten. Die abgedruckten Originaltexte dokumentieren nicht nur die normativen Verschiebungen im Zuge der politischen Neuentwicklung, sondern zeigen auch, dass viele Maßnahmen des NS-Regimes, die in ihrer Radikalität und Unmenschlichkeit ohne Beispiel sind, eine gesetzliche Basis hatten und theoretisch vorbereitet waren. (shrink)

Content-based authorship identification is an emerging research problem in online social media networks, due to a wide collection of issues ranging from security to privacy preservation, from radicalization to defamation detection, and so forth. Indeed, this research has attracted a relevant amount of attention from the research community during the past years. The general problem becomes harder when we consider the additional constraint of identifying the same false profile over different social media networks, under obvious considerations. Inspired by this emerging (...) research challenge, in this paper we propose and experimentally assess an innovative framework for supporting content-based authorship identification and analysis in social media networks. (shrink)

Os nomes de Guido de Almeida, Ricardo R. Terra, Valerio Rohden e Zeljko Loparic representam, sem dúvida, uma marca nos estudos kantianos que não pode ser negligenciada nem mesmo pelo leitor mais desatento. Qualquer aproximação dos escritos de Immanuel Kant que demande o debate de idéias e o confronto de argumentos não deve ignorar as obras destes filósofos que, nas últimas décadas, balizaram o rumo das pesquisas filosóficas no Brasil. A maturidade do pensamento se reflete aqui na heterogeneidade de abordagens, (...) na especificidade das discussões, na riqueza dos temas e na precisão conceitual. Este livro reúne textos importantes que certamente permitem ver com clareza a orientação dos trabalhos da filosofia transcendental nos âmbitos cognitivo, prático e estético. (shrink)

Resumen El presente texto realiza un análisis de la estructura narrativa, y de la estética y contenido de la obra cinematográfica de Fernando Arrabal Iré como un caballo loco. Más allá de su reconocida trayectoria como dramaturgo, esta obra singular construye de forma profunda y estructurada una narración compleja, llena de referentes biográficos, literarios y mediáticos, más allá de la simple apariencia de caos, confusión y absurdo. La intertextualidad de su estructura narrativa obliga a realizar un análisis cualitativo e interdisciplinar, (...) para llegar a los aspectos más escondidos e insospechados de la película, donde nada es casual. Entre las principales aportaciones se encuentran la dualidad narrativa y estructural que la conecta tanto con Esquilo como con las películas de viaje y carretera.: This article makes an analysis of the narrative structure, of the aesthetics and content of Fernando Arrabal’s film work Iré como un caballo loco. Beyond his acknowledged trajectory as a playwright, this unique work constructs -in a deep and structured way- a complex narrative, full of biographical, literary and media referents, beyond the mere appearance of chaos, confusion and absurdity. The intertextuality of its narrative structure forces a qualitative and interdisciplinary analysis to reach the most hidden and unsuspected aspects of the film, where nothing is accidental. Among the main contributions are a narrative and structural duality that connects both with Aeschylus and also with journey and road movies. (shrink)

This paper raises an open critical discussion on some key notions in Michael Ruse’s philosophy. These include the conceptual elements of scientific explanation, the difference between epistemic and cultural values, the epistemological status of science and religion in explaining nature, the compatibility or incompatibility between Darwinian thought and Christian thought, and especially between evolutionary theory and creationism, the key importance of admitting or not admitting supernatural causality when qualifying an explanation as scientific, the role played by the divinity in the (...) argumentation about the compatibility or incompatibility between science and religion, the convenience of not understanding the Abrahamic god from an ontological perspective but from a psychological one, etc. It ends by proposing certain conclusions that could perhaps contribute to contrast and enrich his philosophy. (shrink)