This chapter contains sections titled: Police Philosophize about the Armed and Dangerous The Interview.

Das Subjekt ist einer der zentralen Begriffe der Philosophie und Geisteswissenschaften überhaupt, gleichzeitig jedoch auch einer, der besonders schwierig zu fassen ist. Nicht nur lassen sich philosophiehistorisch stark variierende Bedeutungen desselben ausmachen, darüber hinaus stellt es eine besondere Herausforderung dar, das Subjekt ins Verhältnis zu anderen zentralen Begriffen der Philosophie zu setzen, wie etwa Person, Selbst, Ich, Substanz, Gehirn und Individuum. Die weit verbreitete Unklarheit über diesen Begriff und seine doch nicht zu leugnende Relevanz gaben uns Anlass zu diesem Projekt (...) - die ihm inne liegenden Spannungsverhältnisse den Ausgangspunkt. Subject is one of the most central concepts in contemporary philosophy and the humanities, though at the same time one which is especially hard to grasp. Not only does the meaning of this concept vary throughout history, furthermore it poses a great challenge to determine its relation to concepts such as mind, the self and the individual. The ambiguity of this concept, its inherent relationship of tension as well as its undeniable relevance, gave us occasion for this project. (shrink)

버라드의 행위적 실재주의는 신물질주의에서 가장 많이 논의되고 또 중요하게 언급되는 이론 중 하나다. 이 연구에서 나는 버라드에 대한 기존의 논의를 발전시키되 특히 실재와 물질 개념에 초점을 맞춘다. 먼저 실재주의와 구성주의 입장 그리고 버틀러의 수행성 개념에 대한 버라드의 비판으로부터 두 가지.

본 논문은 성에 대한 존재론적 주장들을 검토하여 성이 존재일반에 내 속한 일탈이자 모순의 핵심임을 밝히고, 그것의 정치적 함의를 도출하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 최근 등장하고 있는 존재론과 실재론들은 담론과 문화를 물질보다 우선시하는 지배적인 철학 담론에 대한 반응으로 생각된다. 특히 페미니즘 담론 내에서도 주디스 버틀러를 비롯한 포스트구조주의와 사회구성주의에 대한 대안으로 다양한 존재론들이 등장하고 있다. 그러나 페미니즘의 핵심 개념인 성과 성차, 섹슈얼리티에 대해서 동시대의 존재론들이 어떻게 다루고 있는가에 관해서는 거의 논의되지 않고 있다. 존재론이 존재들을 가능하게 하는 원리들을 규명하는 것이라면 성에 관한 존재론도 마땅히 (...) 다루어져야 한다. 이를 위해 본 논문에서는 우선 최근 물질과 과학을 존재론적으로 구성하는 신유물론의 몇몇 주장들을 검토하고 그것이 성의 존재론에 어떤 정치적 함의를 주는지 확인한다. 그리고 성과 주체의 동시발생을 그 시작부터 집중적으로 논의해 온 정신분석이 최근 부상하는 존재론과 어떻게 대결하고 어떠한 방식으로 성의 존재론을 논하는지 살펴본다. 그럼으로써 인간중심주의로 퇴행하거나 물질을 간과하지 않고도 성, 주체, 물질, 담론을 다룰 이론을 위한 단초를 마련한다. (shrink)

Digital piracy as a continuing problem significantly impacts various stakeholders, including consumers, enterprises, and countries. This study develops a three-level mechanism of determinants of consumer digital piracy behavior, with personal risk as an individual factor, susceptibility to interpersonal influence as an inter-personal factor, and moral intensity as a broad societal factor. Further, it explores the role of rationalization and future piracy intent as outcomes of past piracy behaviors. The authors use survey data from four countries in the European Union to (...) test the system of structural relationships. With an exception of the effect of consumers’ susceptibility to interpersonal influence on piracy behavior, the conceptual model receives remarkably consistent support across the four countries. Specifically, perception of personal risk and moral intensity negatively affected the reported piracy behavior in all four countries. The results further support the negative influence of moral intensity and the positive influence of past digital piracy behavior on consumers’ use of rationalization. Lastly, personal risk, rationalization, and past digital piracy behavior directly influenced consumers’ intention to engage in digital piracy in the future. The study also discusses implications of the findings and identifies areas of future research. (shrink)

In order that Hungarian enterprises might survive and grow in western markets, management culture will have to change. Hungary has a lot of advantages, a well educated work force, a culture of change and a latent ability to rebuild itself. It is geographically well placed in the centre of Europe but, unfortunately, it has no mineral wealth to speak of and it is relatively small. Hungary, therefore, has to depend on export to grow and prosper. Change might require sacrifice, but, (...) if this is done correctly and fairly it is worth doing. (shrink)

Częstochowa to miasto o bogatej historii i czytelnej strukturze przestrzennej. Istotne miejsce zajmują w nim tereny śródmiejskie. Stanowią przestrzeń o szczególnych walorach estetycznych i funkcjonalnych. Ich sposób zagospodarowania podkreśla znaczenie miasta i jest przykładem współczesnej kontynuacji miejskiej tradycji. Autorka prezentuje w artykule przestrzenie placów miejskich, które należą do obszarów śródmiejskich. Każdy z nich jest próbą odwołania się do przeszłości i nawiązania do teraźniejszości. Architektura tych miejsc i kontekst urbanistyczny o szczególnej wartości historycznej, kulturowej i społecznej zobowiązują do rzetelnej analizy działań (...) projektowych, które mają być przykładem współczesnej kontynuacji miejskiej tradycji oraz mają kształtować wizję przyszłości tych miejsc. Twórcze poszukiwania najlepszych rozwiązań w ciągle zmieniającej się tkance miejskiej miasta są wynikiem spójnej polityki przestrzennej reprezentowanej przez władze miasta Częstochowy oraz środowisko architektów skupionych wokół stowarzyszenia architektów SARP (oddział w Częstochowie). Liczne konkursy architektoniczno-urbanistyczne organizowane przez SARP miały na celu zdefiniowanie obszarów problemowych i przedstawienie konkretnych rozwiązań koncepcyjnych, które stworzyłyby szansę na właściwe zagospodarowanie przestrzeni miasta. Opisane działania projektowe, w tym proces rewitalizacji przestrzeni miejskich, pokazują, jak skutecznie mogą być przekształcane obszary miejskie, w jaki sposób można tworzyć miejsca szczególne, istotne dla identyfikacji i tożsamości miasta. Poszanowanie kontekstu miejsca oraz jego twórcza kontynuacja wpisują się we współczesne tendencje dotyczące projektowania przestrzeni miejskich na terenach zurbanizowanych. Jest to szczególnie ważne dla podtrzymania dobrej tradycji planistycznej. (shrink)

This collection engages the work of Michael Oakeshott predominantly on the themes of his skepticism, politics, and aesthetics. An international set of authors engages and expands the analysis of Oakeshott’s writings in often neglected areas and topics and in ways that brings Oakeshott into conversation with a surprisingly diverse set of thinkers.

Two versions of global supervenience have recently been distinguished from each other. I introduce a third version, which is more likely what people had in mind all along. However, I argue that one of the three versions is equivalent to strong supervenience in every sense that matters, and that neither of the other two versions counts as a genuine determination relation. I conclude that global supervenience has little metaphysically distinctive value.

This paper argues that a minimal notion of function and a notion of normal-proper function are used in explaining how bodies and brains operate. Neither is Cummins’ notion, as originally defined, and yet his is often taken to be the clearly relevant notion for such an explanatory context. This paper also explains how adverting to normal-proper functions, even if these are selected functions, can play a significant scientific role in the operational explanations of complex systems that physiologists and neurophysiologists provide, (...) despite a lack of relevant causal efficacy on the part of such functions. (shrink)

This chapter contains section titles: Introduction Response Functions Information and Singular Causation The Functions of Sensory Representations The Contents of Sensory Representations: The Problem of Error The Contents of Sensory Representation: The Distality Problem.

To date, research into socially responsible investment (SRI), and in particular the socially responsible investment funds industry, has focused on whether investing in SRI assets has any differential impact on investor returns. Prior findings generally suggest that, on a risk-adjusted basis, there is no difference in performance between SRI and conventional funds. This result has led to questions about whether SRI funds are really any different from conventional funds. This paper examines whether the portfolio allocation across industry sectors and the (...) stock-picking ability of SRI managers are different when compared to conventional fund managers. The study finds that SRI funds exhibit different industry betas consistent with different portfolio positions, but that these differences vary from year to year. It is also found that there is little difference in stock-picking ability between the two groups of fund managers. (shrink)

Setting goals in the workplace can motivate improved performance but it might also compromise ethical behavior. In this paper, we propose that individual differences in the dispositional tendency to morally justify behavior moderate the effects of specific performance goals on unethical behavior. We conducted an experimental study in which working participants, who were randomly assigned to a specific goal condition or to a condition with a vague goal that lacked a specific target, completed two tasks in which they had the (...) opportunity to act unethically. In an ethical dilemma task, participants in the specific goal condition were more likely to advocate using unethical methods. However, in an anagram task, only those with high moral justification overstated their performance to a greater degree in the specific goal condition. As such, individuals may not be equally susceptible to the ‘dark side’ of goal-setting. (shrink)

Prinz claims that empirical work on emotions and moral judgement can help us resolve longstanding metaethical disputes in favour of simple sentimentalism. I argue that the empirical evidence he marshals does not have the metaethical implications he claims: the studies purporting to show that having an emotion is sufficient for making a moral judgement are tendentiously described. We are entitled to ascribe competence with moral concepts to experimental subjects only if we suppose that they would withdraw their moral judgement on (...) learning that they were fully explained by hypnotically induced disgust. Genuine moral judgements must be reason-responsive. To capture the reason-responsiveness of moral judgement, we must turn to either neo-sentimentalism or to a non-sentimentalist metaethics, either of which is fully compatible with the empirical evidence Prinz cites. (shrink)

This book brings together the leading researchers on these issues and for the first time in literature, illustrates how a unified approach based on the idea of ...

Based on interviews with a random sample of white women who are in a second marriage, this article examines changes in women's marital power across marriage, divorce, and remarriage. In some marriages, women's market work is not considered a resource and hence does not have a positive effect on marital power, particularly when husbands are employed in low-status occupations. Conversely, women who are domestically oriented do not necessarily suffer a loss of power. Hochschild's concept of “economy of gratitude” illuminates the (...) way that marital power is affected by the meanings couples assign to women's paid and unpaid labor. Furthermore, women's previous market work and marital and divorce experiences affect the meaning of their paid and unpaid labor upon remarriage, as well as their desire for each. (shrink)

This innovative critical study reinterprets Ludwig Wittgenstein's philosophy for the study of modernist and contemporary literature and brings Wittgenstein into literary conversations around problems of difficulty, ethical instruction, and the yearning for transformation. Central to Karen Zumhagen-Yekple͹'s book are her critical readings of key modernist texts by Franz Kafka, Virginia Woolf, and James Joyce. Throughout, Zumhagen-Yekplé brings to bear an interpretive framework that she derives from Wittgenstein's gnomic "Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus" (first published in English in 1922, the "annus mirabilis" of (...) modernism), which she treats not as a theory of logic or metaphysics but as a complex mock-theoretical puzzle. The book's final chapter turns to recent fiction by J. M. Coetzee, a living author conscious of his debts both to Wittgenstein and his modernist literary precursors. This book will interest students of literary modernism, Wittgenstein, and the interconnections between fiction and ordinary language philosophy. (shrink)

This paper develops an approach to humanist social critique that combines insights from Marx and Fanon. I argue that the concept of the human operative in humanist social critique should be understood both as the normative background against which questions of human flourishing and dehumanization can come into view, and as the evolving demand for universal human emancipation. Far from being abstract, essentialist, or ahistorical, Marx and Fanon show that humanist social critique operates through a dialectic between particular, socially and (...) historically situated forms of oppression and struggle, and the universal species-context of the human life-form in which particular forms of suffering and injustice can come into view as instances of dehumanization. In developing this approach to humanist social critique, I defend humanism against three prominent objections: the charge of speciesism, the charge of essentialism, and the recent charge from Kate Manne who argues that humanism underdescribes relations of social antagonism and that recognition of humanity is compatible with inhumane treatment. In addition to considering the necessary relation between the particular and the universal, I also consider the relation between the psychological and social/political, arguing against the recent approach to the problem of dehumanization in the work of David Livingstone Smith. (shrink)

In this paper I examine Aristotle's account of sexual difference in Generation of Animals, arguing that Aristotle conceives of the production of males as the result of a successful teleological process, while he sees the production of females as due to material forces that defeat the norms of nature. My suggestion is that Aristotle endorses what I call the "degrees of perfection" model. I challenge Devin Henry's attempt to argue that Aristotle explains sex determination exclusively with reference to material necessity (...) (in particular, levels of "vital heat" in the male semen), for Aristotle's notion of "sufficient" or "deficient" vital heat is itself teleological. If, as Aristotle is aware, male and female embryos appear with approximately equal frequency in most species, how, in light of Physics II, can he conceive of the former as in accordance with nature, and the latter as somehow contrary to nature? My proposal is that Aristotle's notion of what happens usually (ως επì τò πoλυ) is bifurcated: the usual need not be more frequent. (shrink)

Keine ausführliche Beschreibung für "Logik" verfügbar.

Sivadó Ákos javasolt megértés-koncepciójában arra is törekszik, hogy a megértés folyamata ne váljék szélsőséges relativizálássá, amely a maga eredményét is kétségessé teheti. Arra a következtetésre jut, hogy mindkét filozófus tanai – különbözőségük ellenére – értelmezhetők egy megértés-elmélet közös alapjaként. Úgy véli, a megértés a társadalomtudományok egyik hivatása, e módszer alkalmazása pedig tudományos igényű ismereteket generál. A lábjegyzetekkel kísért, nemzetközi szakirodalmat fölvonultató bibliográfiával záródó értekezés filozófiai, tudományelmélet, ismeretelméleti szakrészlegek állományába tartozik.

Traces women's defence of their moral and spiritual equality with men, from the works of Christine de Pizan, through Marguerite of Navarre, Madeleine de Scudéry, Arcangela Tarabotti, to Mary Astell and Mary Wollstonecraft, arguing that although she appears not to have been aware of these precursors, the arguments they developed paved the way for her feminism.

The obesity epidemic among children and adolescents in the United States continues to worsen. The most recent analysis of data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey showed that the prevalence of overweight among children and adolescents – defined as a Body Mass Index at or above the 95th percentile on gender-specific BMI-for-age growth charts developed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention – increased significantly between 1999-2000 and 2003-2004. Over this period, the prevalence of overweight among children (...) and adolescents aged 2-19 increased 23% – from 13.9% to 17.1%. In 2003-2004, 18.8% of children aged 6-11 and 17.4% of adolescents aged 12-19 were overweight. Roughly comparable proportions of each age group were considered to be at risk of becoming overweight. (shrink)

The analysis of 'mixed acts' in Nicomachean Ethics III, 1 has led scholars to attribute a theory of 'dirty hands' and 'impossible oughts' to Aristode. Michael Stocker argues that Aristode recognizes particular acts that are simultaneously 'right, even obligatory', but nevertheless 'wrong, shameful and the like'. And Martha Nussbaum commends Aristotle for not sympathizing 'with those who, in politics or in private affairs, would so shrink from blame and from unacceptable action that they would be unable to take a necessary (...) decision for the best'. In this paper I reexamine Aristotle's analysis of putatively 'mixed acts' in Nicomachean Ethics III, 1, maintaining that Aristode denies that there are acts that are (i) voluntary under the circumstances, (ii) right, all things considered, under the circumstances, but nevertheless (iii) shameful or wrong for moral or prudential reasons under the circumstances. The paper defends this interpretation with reference to Aristode's discussion of shame in EN IV, 9 and Rhetoric II, 6, as well as his overall meta-ethical commitment to a position I call 'mitigated circumstantial relativism'. By focusing on Aristotle's analysis of putatively 'mixed acts', we come closer to a true appreciation of Aristode's ethical theory, even though 'mixed act' is not, I argue, a category in Aristode's considered ontology of action. (shrink)