Aim: To determine the current state of knowledge on nursing and ethics and to assess the knowledge and experience based on the evidence in this regard. Background: Although ethics is at the center of the nursing profession and the ethical issues affecting nurses are given much importance, few studies have focused on professional ethics in nursing. In this respect, ethics has become a concept that contains controversial and ambiguous situations. Design: The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses guide, (...) a basic search algorithm, was taken. Data sources: Cochrane, PubMed, CINAHL Complete, PsycINFO, and ULAKBIM from 2012 to 2016. Review methods: Following a systematic search strategy, all papers were assessed in relation to inclusion criteria and type of study. When sufficient information was not available in the title and summary of the works, the necessary data were evaluated in full texts. Results: This review was completed with 27 articles meeting the research criteria. The evaluation identified six themes: (1) ethics and nursing, (2) ethical difficulties/ethical dilemmas and nursing, (3) ethical competence and nursing, (4) professional ethics and nursing, (5) ethics, education, and nursing, and (6) ethics in health research. Conclusion: As a result of the review, a synthesis of high evidence-level research relating to nursing ethics was obtained. The emphasis was on the importance of further research and education so that the ethical aspects of nursing can be better understood throughout the studies. Nursing researchers’ level of evidence on ethics and their orientation to high research design will shed light on uncertain and controversial aspects of the subject. Ethical consideration: Since this was a systematic review, no ethical approval was required. There is no conflict of interest in this literature review. (shrink)

The issue of conscience and authority has long been on the agenda of moral philosophy. In particular, the views of John Locke and Thomas Hobbes came to the fore when there was freedom of religion and conscience. Their views continue to influence the moral philosophers of today's world. In terms of organizing and maintaining individual and social relationships, different perspectives from past to present have been made possible by taking into account the common life practices. In today's world, the social (...) configurations that have changed compared to the past and the problems arising from the encounter of different ethnic and social groups have caused re-emergence of solidarity in a common theme. The concept of cultural relativism, which is one of these common themes, refers to the evaluation of exposed judgments within the internal dynamics of culture. On the other hand, shaping of universal human rights and social solidarity on an intercultural ground makes the existence of an additional theme inevitable in terms of harmony and sustainability: conscience. Conscience is related to the commonization of the common living commitments and being in solidarity in sustaining social relations. Predicating the relations to be formed on the basis of conscience upon an essentialist foundation does not run parallel to the continuous reshaping of solidarity in practical life. In the absence of essentialist truths, and outside the original ethnic relativity, a new and sustainable togetherness starts to be shaped within these practices. Therefore, one of the themes that will spring to mind will be the values education. There are studies that include the answers given to the questions that come to mind about the theoretical possibilities of this and the determination and interpretation of the values already positioned in the practical structures. (shrink)

Nurses are the closest healthcare providers to patients and emotional labor is the most invisible part of nursing work. However, the management of emotions to promote organizational goals and to ensure patient satisfaction may have both positive and negative impacts on nurses' working life. The purpose of this cross‐sectional, descriptive study was to examine the emotional labor behaviors of nurses and their opinions on emotional labor. Two hundred nineteen nurses working at public hospitals in Ankara between September and December 2018 (...) participated to this study. Data were collected using the sociodemographic characteristics form and “The Scale of Emotional Labor Behavior for Nurses.” Nurses had higher scores on the deep and sincere emotional acting subdimensions of the emotional labor scale than the surface acting subdimension. Findings suggest that nurses act deeply and intimately, instead of surface acting. Most of the nurses expressed that nurses were emotionally affected when caring for patients; however, nurses had to control their feelings toward patients and behave professionally to meet the expectations of their managers, which may lead to an implicit emotional dissonance. Based on the results of this study, we suggest to support nurses emotionally and to incorporate the topic of emotional labor into educational programs. (shrink)

Since the last decades of the 20th century the meaning and content of knowledge has dramatically changed. This necessitates adopting a historical perspective in ap­proa­ching the questions of knowledge. But so far all the efforts of putting knowledge in a historical perspective since Hegel’s historization of Spirit either suffer from the limitations of the presupposition of the One or fail to ground the historicity of knowledge on the history of coming-to-be and passing-away. Moving from Heidegger’s ‘history of Being’ toward the (...) Aristotelian understanding of coming-to-be and passing away as a process of becoming has the potential to open up new avenues in approaching the historical question of knowledge as well as establishing its relation with the never com­plete ground of the entities as its historical a priori condition of possibility. (shrink)

In heterogeneous markets, one of the many consumer groups is that of green product buyers. With rising ethical values, the green market is assuming its place in a general growth trend. Given this, it is important to determine the profile of green product buyers. This study aims to find out whether there are sub-markets for green product buyers, based on their personal values and consumption values, and to determine a detailed profile for these buyers. Both personal values and consumption values (...) are basic factors guiding consumer behaviour and affecting consumption preferences. The data was collected, through surveys in Turkey, from green consumers who were members of the TEMA (the Turkish Foundation for Combating Soil Erosion, for Reforestation and the Protection of Natural Habitats) council. The result of our clustering analysis indicates that green product buyers could be segmented into subgroups according to their personal values and consumption values. (shrink)

Dinsel değişim, din psikolojisinin kurulduğu dönemden itibaren güncelliğini koruyan konular arasında yer almaktadır. Tarihsel süreçten bugüne kadar olumlu veya olumsuz biçimde neredeyse tüm insanların muhtelif boyutlarda dinsel unsurlar ile temas ediyor oluşu, dinsel değişim konusunu akademik alanda önemli ve güncel tutan hususlardandır. Bu çalışma; inançlı olduğu hâlde dine karşı ilgisiz bir hayat sürdüren Yaşar Alptekin’in neden ve nasıl dindarlaştığı sorusuna cevap aramaktadır. Nitel araştırma tekniklerinden olan durum çalışması desenine bağlı olarak yürütülen bu araştırmada veriler doküman incelemesi ile elde edilmiştir. Bu (...) doğrultuda Yaşar Alptekin’in bizzat kendisinin kaleme aldığı kitaplar ve onunla çeşitli sosyal medya platformlarında yapılan röportajlar, birinci elden kaynaklar olarak kullanılmıştır. Bu anlamda mevcut çalışma, psikobiyografik araştırma geleneği içinde değerlendirilebilir. Toplanan bilgi ve malumatlar, betimsel analiz tekniği ile çözümlenmiştir. Alptekin’in özel yaşamı, siyasi görüşü ve sanatçı yönü gibi konular, çalışmanın kapsamı dışında tutulmuştur. Ayrıca bu çalışmada yer alan bilgi ve malumatlar, araştırmanın yapılmış olduğu tarihe kadarki dokümanlar ile sınırlıdır. Araştırmanın temel sorusuna cevap ararken dinsel değişimin aşamaları, güdüleri, motifleri, çeşitleri, gerçekleşme biçimi ve sonuçları hakkında din psikolojisi literatüründe yer alan kuramsal yaklaşımlardan destek alınmıştır. Bu bağlamda psikanalitik ve varoluşçu yaklaşımlarla birlikte sosyal kimlik kuramından da faydalanılmıştır. Bu noktada öncelikle Alptekin’in çocukluk, gençlik ve yetişkinlik döneminde yaşadığı önemli olaylar ve hayatını etkileyen hadiseler, dinsel değişimi harekete geçiren nedenler kapsamında analize çalışılmıştır. Alptekin’in değişim öncesi ve sonrası kişilik ve kimlik bakımından nasıl bir değişim yaşadığı, bunun kendisiyle ve sosyal çevresi ile ilişkilere nasıl yansıdığı sorusuna odaklanılmıştır. Ulaşılan bulgulara göre Alptekin’in dinsel değişim sürecini harekete geçiren nedenler; “çocukluk dönemini mutsuz geçirmesi”, bu anlamda “sevgisiz ve ilgisiz büyümesi”, “yetişkinlik döneminde yaşadığı anlamsızlık duygusu”, “samimiyet arayışı”, “içerisinde bulunduğu gelişim döneminin etkileri”, “zihinsel tatminsizlik”, “aile içi sorunlar” ve “değişime eşlik eden dinî tecrübeler” şeklinde sıralanabilir. Meydana gelmiş olan dinsel değişim sonucunda Yaşar Alptekin’in kimlik ve dünya görüşü başta olmak üzere giyim tarzından arkadaş çevresine, ilişkilerine yön veren temel belirleyicilerden insanlara bakışına kadar bireysel ve sosyal hayatında köklü değişimler yaşandığı izlenmektedir. Ancak onun, temel kişilik yapısında fark edilebilir bir değişime rastlanmamıştır. Mevcut kişiliği, değişim sonrası kimliği ile bütünleşmiştir. (shrink)

Habeşistan Prensi Rasselas Bir Hikâye, Dr. Samuel Johnson’ın (1709-1784) eserlerinin en popüler olanlarından biridir. Eserin ilk okuyucuları onu felsefî ve pratik açıdan önemli bir eser olarak görmüş ve bir roman olarak sınıflandırmanın zor olduğunu düşünmüştür. Johnson, eserini yaklaşık 250 yıl önce yazmasına rağmen bugün de okuyucuya hayatın, ölümün, evliliğin, öğrenmenin, eyleme karşı eylemsizliğin anlamını ve diğer birçok konuyu keşfettirmeye çalışmaktadır. Johnson, ahlak teorilerinden hareketle mutluluğu ele almamaktadır. Ahlakî failin kendisinden, insandan ve insanın yaşadığı hayat ve bunun koşullarından hareketle konuyu anlatmaktadır. (...) Mutluluk anlamında temele alınacak olan fail ve onun içinde bulunduğu şartları değerlendirmektedir. Mutluluk, elde edilenden veya elde etmekten çok arama ve başarmada bulunabilir. Habeşistan Prensi, Voltaire’in (1694-1778) iyimserlik sistemini çürütmek için yazdığı Candide adlı esere, planı ve yapısı bakımından benzerlik göstermektedir. Fakat vardıkları sonuç birbirlerinden oldukça farklıdır. İnsanların mutluluğu bulmayı düşündükleri hemen her unsur ele alınıp bunların istenileni veremeyeceğinin belirtildiği Habeşistan Prensi, yöneticilerden hizmetçilere, yaşlılardan gençlere, bilgelerden cahillere varıncaya kadar her kesimden insanı örneklemektedir. Bütün olaylar mutluluk umuduyla başlamış fakat hayal kırıklığıyla sona ermiştir. Sonuçta romanda kurgusal bir yolculuk aracılığıyla ahlakî bir gerçeklik ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır. Johnson, Türkiye'de çok fazla tanınmadığı için makalenin giriş kısmında hayatı ve eserlerinin Habeşistan Prensi ile ilgili olan yönlerine kısaca değindik. Çalışmada yöntem olarak nitel araştırmanın imkanlarından yararlanılmış, literatür ve doküman analizi metotları kullanılarak Habeşistan Prensi’nde mutluluk, kötümserlik, iyimserlik konuları incelenmiştir. (shrink)

Proverbs are usually formed on the basis of experience, observation and wisdom, are considered an important part of cultural heritage and are often used as short and concise expressions. Proverbs have an important place in Arabic language and culture. Arabic proverbs are an important element reflecting the mindset, way of life, moral values and cultural heritage of the Arab society. These proverbs are usually short and concise expressions that reflect the common experiences, values and life lessons of the Arab society. (...) Some proverbs contain many experiences related to animals, which are an important element in Arab culture. The names of animals in these proverbs carry a symbolic meaning. Animals have carried various symbolic meanings in different cultures throughout history and have been used as a reflection of social values, beliefs and experiences. Similarly, the animal signs in Arabic proverbs acquire a symbolic meaning by being associated with the beliefs and experiences related to animals in Arabic culture. Semiotics is a method that examines the symbolic structure and context of signs. According to semiotic theory, the meaning of a sign is determined by the cultural context in which the sign takes place. According to Ferdinand de Saussure's theory of semiotics, a sign consists of two components: “signifier” and “signified”. While the “signifier” is the sound or image that brings a concept to mind, the “signified” is the concept that this sound or image points to. Within the framework of this theory, animal signs in proverbs similarly acquire a symbolic meaning by being associated with the beliefs and experiences related to animals in Arabic culture. This study explains how animal signs are used and what meanings are attributed to animal signs through many examples of Arabic proverbs. Proverbs with animal signs were compiled and classified according to the semiotic method. These proverbs generally contain experiences about animals and animal names carry symbolic meanings. By analyzing the meanings of animal signs in Arabic proverbs from a semiotic perspective, the importance of animal symbolism in Arabic culture is emphasized. The semiotic method was used to analyze the deep meanings of proverbs containing animal signs and to understand animal symbolism in Arabic culture. In this way, it becomes possible to analyze the deep meanings of proverbs and to understand animal symbolism in Arabic culture. This study will shed light on both researchers who want to understand the depth of proverbs and those who are interested in Arabic culture and symbolism. The main purpose of the study is to reveal the symbolic meanings of animal signs in Arabic proverbs and to show the place of these symbols in Arabic culture. Accordingly, the concepts of sign, signifier and signified in proverbs were analyzed based on Saussure's semiotic theory. The study was designed using the case design model of qualitative research approach. As the research material, dictionaries of proverbs compiled from different sources were used. As these sources include proverbs from different parts of the Arab world, the study provides a broad cultural perspective. In the analysis process, the animal signs in each proverb were carefully analyzed and their symbolic meanings were determined. In the analysis process, the animal signs in the proverbs and their semiotic features were analyzed. As a result of the study, the deep meanings and symbolic structures of proverbs were revealed and it was emphasized that proverbs are a linguistic and cultural heritage. It is important to protect this heritage and pass it on to future generations. It has once again been revealed that proverbs are important linguistic and cultural tools reflecting the ways of thinking, values and cultural heritage of societies. In this context, the semiotic analysis of proverbs offers a rich research area both linguistically and culturally. As a result of the study, it was revealed that animal signs used in Arabic proverbs have multi-layered and rich symbolic meanings. These symbols appear frequently in proverbs and reflect the values and beliefs of the Arabic language and Arabic culture. The symbolic meanings of animal signs are shaped not only by their physical characteristics, but also by the myths, legends and religious texts associated with these animals. For example, in Arab culture, the camel is considered a symbol of strength, patience and endurance. In this context, proverbs about camels emphasize the physical endurance of this animal and its ability to adapt to harsh conditions. Therefore, proverbs are recognized as important linguistic elements that include not only a cultural accumulation but also structural and semantic features of the language. Examining these two dimensions of proverbs together reveals that language and culture are inseparable. (shrink)

Societies are composed of groups that interact. Symbiotic groups are those in which agents complement each other in resources that they have in excess. Symbiotic groups are useful especially when the resources in an environment are distributed unevenly, because they enable agents to trade resources easily. However, for trading to happen successfully, agents in symbiotic groups need to cooperate, i.e., they should be willing to donate resources when appropriate. Similarly, if some agents in a symbiotic group are defectors, they should (...) be identified by others and eliminated from the group for the well-being of the remaining agents. Accordingly, we first study Edmonds’ tag-based model of symbiotic groups to understand the lifespan of symbiotic groups (e.g., why some groups live shorter than others). Then, we enhance Edmonds’ model by adding the capability of reciprocal interactions to agents, thus achieving a hybrid model. We capture reciprocity in three different models and study their effects on the elimination of defectors in symbiotic groups. Our experimental results show that the groups that are built with the proposed hybrid model can eliminate more defectors and earlier than tag-based models. Further, the hybrid approach can generate symbiotic groups more effectively and efficiently. (shrink)

As previous pandemics, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has direct and indirect effects on mental health and well-being. The purpose of the current study was to examine whether meaning in life mediated the association between coronavirus suffering and satisfaction with life and whether stress-related growth moderated the mediating effect of meaning in life on the association between these variables. Stress-Related Growth Measure (SGM) was also conducted for the purpose of this study. The participants were 402 (66% women) young adults who (...) completed the Suffering Measure During COVID-19, Meaningful Living Measure, Satisfaction With Life Scale, and SGM. The results indicated that the SGM has adequate psychometric properties with unidimensional structure of stress-related growth in the face of adversity. Moderated mediation analysis revealed that coronavirus suffering directly influenced satisfaction with life as well as indirectly by its effect on meaning in life. Additionally, stress-related growth was found as a moderator in the relationship between coronavirus suffering–meaning in life and coronavirus suffering–satisfaction with life. These results suggest that meaning in life mitigates the effect of coronavirus suffering on satisfaction with life, and this mediating effect is moderated by stress-related growth in young adults. While meaning in life helps explain the relationship between coronavirus suffering and satisfaction with life, the stress-related growth functions as a protective factor against the adverse effect of coronavirus experiences. (shrink)

INTRODUCTION[|]It can be thought that ethical problems will rise as the population gets older. Issues such as competence and autonomy of the elderly are among the rising ehtical problems. The fact people aged 65 and over are being questioned about their competence, is an ethical problem in Turkey and this issue is discussed in this work. [¤]METHODS[|]Many institutions subject people over 65 to adequacy audit in decision making stage and this is repeated for every new situation. As a result of (...) this, people over 65 have to be examined by a doctor although there isn't a medical condition. This problem has been discussed within the framework of the following questions: 'In what extent is it legitimate to question the adequacy of a person aged over 65? How does a person feel when her/his adequacy is questioned? Can she/he be the same person as she/he feels before? When does being and individual or adequacy of a person disappear? And, who can decide in this issue?' [¤]RESULTS[|]-[¤]DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION[|]It has been thought that autonomy of people over 65 years is violated partly and being over 65 years is perceieved as an abnormal situation. [¤]. (shrink)

Frankfurt Okulu felsefe ve sosyolojinin arasında yer alan bir düşünce hareketini oluşturur. Hareketin en tanınmış üyeleri Theodor W. Adorno, Max Horkheimer ve Herbert Marcus’tur. Adorno gibi diğerlerinin de düşünceleri Aydınlanma eleştirisi, estetik, kültür teorisi ve genel olarak çağdaş toplumun değerlendirilmesi gibi oldukça geniş bir alana yayılmaktadır. Karl Marx ve Sigmund Freud Frankfurt Okulu düşünürlerinin düşüncelerinin şekillenmesindeki en önemli iki figürü oluşturmaktadır. Adorno ve Teoloji adlı bu eser, Adorno’nun eserlerinden hareketle teoloji, metafizik ve genel olarak din konusuna taalluk eden konuları ele (...) alıp incelemektedir. (shrink)

Academic ethical values, having the well-deserved place by nursing and other scientific fields, and developing of the nursing science are proportionate to obeying the academic ethical values and internalizing those values. This study was carried out to determine the nurse academicians’ attitudes related to ethical values and related factors. The descriptive research was carried out between the dates of May and June 2017. The scope of the research consisted of nurse academicians working for two universities in Turkey and the sample (...) of the study consisted of 103 nurse academicians who had accepted to participate in the research. Data were collected by using “Descriptive Characteristics Information Form” and “Academic Ethics Values Scale”. Ethical considerations: Ethic approval from the institution, the Training and Research Hospital Noninvasive Clinical Studies Ethics Committee at the University of İzmir Katip Çelebi, and written approval from the owner of the scale were taken in order to carry out the study. The average age of the participants was 35.7 ± 9.6, 95% of them were female, and 51.5% of them were working as research assistants. The nurse academicians’ total item point average was 177,99 ± 11,01 and the attitudes of nurse academicians towards academic ethical values were positively. When the sub-dimension item point averages of the scale were examined, the lowest item point average was determined for the sub-dimension of “Scientific Research” as the highest item point average were being determined for the sub-dimension of “Teaching Process”. In this study that the participants’ attitudes towards academic ethical values were found meaningful at a high level, it was seen that academic assignment and age were important factors for the nurse academicians’ attitudes towards the colleagues and the teaching process. (shrink)

Ülkemizde 6 Şubat 2023 tarihinde 11 il ve ilçelerini kapsayan büyük bir deprem yaşanmıştır. Bu depremde bütün kamu kurumları ve Sivil Toplum Kuruluşları (STK) bölgeye destek olmak için seferber olmuştur. Bazı kamu kurum ve kuruluşları enkaz kaldırma, yaralılara tıbbi müdahale, çadır temini, kurulması, iaşe ve ibate vb. ihtiyaçların karşılanması için görev yaparken, bazıları da yaşanan depremin travmatik etkilerini azaltmaya yönelik manevi destek hizmetleri yürütmüşlerdir. Bir kamu kurumu olan Diyanet İşleri Başkanlığı’na (DİB) bağlı İl ve İlçe Müftülükleri personeli, merkez teşkilatı ve (...) Diyanet Vakfı çalışanları da sahada görev yapmıştır. DİB personelinin deprem bölgesinde manevi danışman olarak hizmet vermesi, o tarihlerde, bazı kesimler tarafından eleştirilmiştir. DİB personelinin alanda yaptıklarının incelenmesi bu çalışmanın konusunudur. Çalışmanın amacı manevi danışman olarak hizmet veren DİB personelinin alanda neler yaptıklarını detaylarıyla belirlemek ve yapılanların manevi danışmanlık mesleğinin ilkelerine uygunluğunu literatür esas alınarak değerlendirmektir. Araştırma nitel araştırma desenlerinden, durum çalışmasıyla (Case Study) yapılmıştır. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu Kırşehir il ve ilçe müftülüklerinde çalışan din görevlileri oluşturmaktadır. Bu çalışma grubunun seçiminde amaçlı örneklem yöntemi kullanılarak ölçüt örneklem tekniği ile veri toplanmıştır. Burada tercih edilen ölçüt, Kırşehir İl ve İlçe Müftülüklerinde görev yapmak ve depremde manevi danışman olarak, alanda çalışmış olmak şeklinde belirlenmiştir. Katılımcılarla yarı yapılandırılmış görüşmeler yoluyla sorulan sorulardan elde edilen verilere, betimsel analiz uygulanmıştır. Mülakat soruları araştırma amacına uygun olarak ve literatür taraması esas alınarak araştırmacı tarafından oluşturulmuştur. Bu araştırma sonucunda elde edilen bulgular, DİB tarafından manevi danışmanlara düzenlenecek eğitim programlarının düzenlenmesinde veri oluşturması yönüyle önemlidir. Araştırma sonunda bulgular şöyle sınıflandırılmıştır: Psikolojik/manevi danışmanlık: Ziyaretlerde depremzedelerin ellerinin tutulması, kucaklama, duygusal refakat, çocukların başlarının okşanması vs. yakınlık hissi verilerek depremzedelerin rahatça konuşmalarına imkân oluşturmuşlardır. Bölgenin yapısından dolayı mezhepsel ayırım yapmadan bütün köylere gidip “Siz bizim kardeşimizsiniz, sizin için geldik, yalnız değilsiniz, acınızı paylaşıyoruz, geçmiş olsun” ifadeleri ile duygudaşlık hissi verilmiş ve yardım götürülmüştür. Dinî/manevi danışmanlık: Cenaze yıkamak, kefenlemek, cenaze namazı kıldırmak, çadır mescidinde vakit ve Cuma namazı kıldırmak, Kur’an okumak, dua ve sohbet etmek gibi faaliyetler yapılmıştır. Depremzedelerin yaşadıkları evler, çadır kentler, konteynerler ve köyler düzenli ziyaret edilerek hal ve hatırlarının sorulup, vatandaşın isteği üzerine dini törenler yapılmıştır. Destek hizmeti: Özellikle ilk giden görevliler yemek/su dağıtma, çadır kurma ve AFAD çalışmalarında kurtarma işlemine katılmışlardır. Diğer hizmetler: Depremzede esnafın kalkınması ve ekonomik destek için, esnaftan alış-veriş yapmışlar, nişanlı kızlara çeyiz ve üniversite öğrencilerine kitap yardımında bulunmuşlardır. (shrink)

Antik Yunan düşüncesinde özgürlük meselesini irdelemek doğa kavrayışını ele almakla mümkün olabilir. Özgürlük her halükarda sınırları belirsiz bir kavramdır ve onu tanımlama çabaları bu yüzden çoğunlukla tek taraflı bir yaklaşımın örnekleridir. Söz konusu dönem dilinde özgürlük sözcüğünün muadili olarak kabul edilebilecek bir sözcük bulunmamaktadır ama bu, orada özgürlüğün sorun edilmediği anlamına gelmemektedir. Çünkü insanlar arası etkileşimin bulunduğu her bağlamda özgürlük bir sorunsal olarak zaten orada olan bir şeydir. Bu çalışmada öncelikle Antik Yunan mitoslarında doğumlarla şekillenen evren anlatısının bir özeti verildi. (...) İnsanın bu evrene dahil oluşuna değinildikten sonra Prometheus’un ateşi çalıp ulaştırmasıyla insanda meydana gelen değişimler özgürlük bağlamında değerlendirildi. Böylece doğa kavrayışı bağlamında Antik Yunan mitoslarında özgürlük sorunsalının tespiti yapıldı. İster tanrısal ister beşeri olsun, özgürlüğün doğa kavrayışıyla kayıtlı olduğu vurgulandı ve özgürlük sorunsalının ancak dönemin ‘doğa’ kavrayışının değerlendirilmesiyle ele alınabileceği ileri sürüldü. (shrink)

This article examines Mughulṭāy b. Qilīj’s (d. 762/1361) al-Zahr al-bāsim fī siyar Abī al-Qāsim, a ḥāshiya (gloss, marginal notes) on ʿAbd al-Raḥmān al-Suhaylī’s (d. 581/1185) commentary on Ibn Isḥāq’s Sīra. Drawing on evidence from Mamlūk-era chronicles, biographical dictionaries, and commentarial introductions, it analyzes Mughulṭāy b. Qilīj as a historical figure and the context and content of his work. This is done in order to demonstrate how commentaries and glosses are deeply related to the schol­arly and cultural life of the period. (...) These resources testify to the antagonistic relationship between Mughulṭāy and his opponents and to the ensuing rivalry between them. Hence, this article seeks to examine the correlation between his personality and the rationale for his commentary, to determine the reasons behind his choice of text to write a gloss on and his sustained and harsh criticism against al-Suhaylī and his scholarly legacy. (shrink)

Drawing on Austin’s speech act theory and on related theories of performativity and positioning, this article analyses the public confessions during the 1990s by three prominent state actors in Turkey about their direct involvement in state crimes against Kurds and left-wing political opponents. All three cases received significant media attention at the time. The aim of the article is not only to shed new light on those specific confessions by the perpetrators within the Turkish context, but also to develop further (...) theoretical insights into the phenomenon of public confessions as such. Whilst confessions of this kind are often welcomed and portrayed as truth-statements that are cathartic and enable society to move forward, this analysis demonstrates that the reality is often more complex as the confessions in question tend to go hand in hand with a disavowal of individual responsibility by the perpetrators involved. (shrink)

One of the environments where values education takes place is school. The education system implemented in Turkey aims to raise individuals who embrace basic values as well as being academically successful. To achieve this goal, a systematic values education carried out together with academic education is needed. The educational programs currently implemented in our country have been created to fulfill this function, and ten root values have been determined to be taught to students at school. These values are justice, friendship, (...) honesty, self-control, patience, respect, love, responsibility, patriotism and helpfulness. These values, determined in line with the basic objectives of Turkish National Education, are reflected in the curriculum and textbooks of all courses at the school. In this study, textbooks prepared for the Life of Our Prophet course, which is an elective course in secondary schools and a compulsory course in Imam Hatip secondary schools, were examined in terms of root values. The main purpose of the study is to determine to what extent root values are included in the Life of Our Prophet (5-8) textbooks. Within the framework of this purpose, the following questions were tried to be answered in the study: 1. What root values are included in secondary school Life of Our Prophet textbooks? 2. What are the frequency and rates of inclusion of root values in secondary school Life of Our Prophet textbooks? 3. What is the distribution of the root values in the Secondary School Life of Our Prophet textbooks according to grade levels? The study is of a qualitative type and is in the survey model most commonly used in research in the field of education. The data of the study was obtained by document review technique. The data of the study was obtained from the Life of Our Prophet textbooks taught in secondary and imam hatip secondary schools in the 2022-2023 academic year. While examining the textbooks, the root values specified in the course curriculum and the attitudes and behaviors associated with these values were taken into account. The analysis of the collected data was done with the descriptive analysis approach used in qualitative research. The distribution of root values in the textbooks according to grade level was tabulated by specifying page numbers and frequency values. In order to support the findings, quotations reflecting the relevant value are included from the textbook in which each root value is included at least and most. According to the research results, the root values specified in the program are included in the textbooks of each grade level. The most frequently mentioned root value in textbooks is love, and the least frequently mentioned root value is self-control. The inclusion of root values in the textbooks of each grade level is compatible with the understanding of values education envisaged in the program. In textbooks, root values are generally touched upon in subject texts, reading texts, activities and visual explanations. It can be said that the Life of Our Prophet (5-8) textbooks have a rich content in terms of root values. (shrink)

Translations, whether in the form of text, illustration, or interpretive analysis, served knowledge-making in multiple ways. It offered a refuge, severed contexts, and concealed the various workers that created it. Over the course of the seventeenth century, European naturalists in Istanbul, such as Luigi Ferdinando Marsigli (1658–1730), procured illustrations of Ottoman nature as fundamental resources to identify, collect, and compare indigenous plants and newly bred varieties. Despite maintaining an actual mediation for cross-cultural interactions, these sources of virtual communication remain largely (...) forgotten in modern scholarship. This article argues that this curious yet invisible corpus was not a nonagentive medium in an alienated leisure of a gentleman-scholar; instead, these illustrations were designed to call upon the viewer’s constant attention in self-motivated scientific labor. Such handy tools responded and contributed to early modern scholars’ modes of working, and in exchange they determined these sources’ own function, position, and visibility – either as a by-product or as a derivative. It is therefore only when integrated into the labor history of science that the degrees of invisibility pertaining to both Ottoman nature studies and self-directed labor can come into a granular view. (shrink)

It is important to determine the attitudes of employees towards occupational accidents and diseases and whether these events are perceived as inevitable or out of control. Inaccurate interpretation of the perception of fatalism towards occupational accidents and diseases may lead to more occupational accidents and diseases. The use of scales to determine the perception of fatalism in the context of occupational accidents and diseases allows for a quantitative assessment of these issues. This approach makes it possible to objectively measure and (...) analyze the perception of fatalism, thus paving the way for a more in-depth examination of related phenomena. This study is a scale development study to determine the level of fatalism towards occupational accidents and diseases. This methodological study was conducted between October 2021 and June 2023. The scale was shaped by taking expert opinions for the scale items prepared by making use of the literature, pre-applied and pilot applied with 75 people; Exploratory Factor Analysis and Confirmatory Factor Analysis were conducted with 242 people; and all evaluated with validity and reliability analyzes. In the exploratory factor analysis for the developed scale of fatalism towards occupational accidents and diseases, it was seen that the scale items were gathered under 4 factors and the explanatory coefficient was 53.68%. In order to measure the applicability of exploratory factor analysis for the scale, KMO value was 0.854 and Bartlett's Test of Sphericity value was χ2=1996.527; df=153, p. (shrink)

Mustafa Sabri Efendi, Osmanlı Devleti’nin siyasi kayıplar yaşadığı dönemin sonlarında Şeyhülislamlık yapmış, Cumhuriyet’in ilanı sürecinde yaşamıştır. Batı’daki bilimsel gelişmelerle birlikte İslam düşüncesinde duraklamanın tecrübe edildiği dönemde, geleneksel ilmî mirası ve bu ilimlerin metotlarını savunmuş bir isimdir. Bu hassasiyetle modern bilimsel yöntemleri savunan çoğu İslam düşünürüne eleştiriler yöneltmiştir. O, bu dönemde düşünce akımlarının etkisiyle gelişen inanç problemleri karşısında geleneksel yöntem ve bilgi birikiminin etkinliğini gündeme getirmiştir. Mustafa Sabri, İslam’ın temel kaynaklarından biri olan sünnet ve bunun kayıt altına alındığı rivayetleri içeren muteber (...) hadis kaynaklarının metot ve sıhhat açısından son derece güvenilir olduğunu ve itikadî konularda belirleyici olduğunu vurgulamıştır. Mustafa Sabri’nin sünnet tasavvurunu göstermesi açısından onun nüzûl-i Îsâ konusundaki görüşleri önemli bir örnektir. O, nüzûl-i Îsâ hadisesi hakkındaki yaklaşımını, Mahmut Şeltut’a yönelik itirazlarıyla ortaya koymaktadır. O, bu hadisenin Hz. Peygamber’in gayba ilişkin verdiği haberlerden biri olması ve kıyamet alametlerinden sayılması noktasında, sünnetin kaynaklığını öne çıkarmaktadır. Nüzûl-i Îsâ’nın gerçekleşme imkânını günümüzde sıhhati açısından problemli kabul edilen rivayetler, sahabe, tabiûn ve sonraki İslam âlimlerinin ortaya koyduğu yaklaşım ve hadis kaynaklarına duyduğu itimat üzerinden inşa etmektedir. Mustafa Sabri bu anlamda geleneksel birikimi öne çıkaran bir sünnet tasavvuru ortaya koymaktadır. Bu kapsamda çalışmamız Mustafa Sabri’nin nüzûl-i Îsâ çerçevesinde sünnetin kaynaklığına ilişkin yaklaşımını ele almayı amaçlamaktadır. (shrink)

Hegel’in Jena döneminde zamanın diyalektiği sorununu yalnızca Tinin Fenomenolojisi’nin “Duyusal Kesinlik” bölümünde ele aldığına yönelik genel anlayış, geçtiğimiz yüzyılda orta Jena dönemi derslerine ait el yazmalarının yayımlanmasıyla yeni bir boyut kazanmıştır. 1804-1805 ile 1805-1806 yıllarına ait olan “Jena Sistem taslakları”nda Hegel’in doğanın zamanın üç boyutuna dair kapsamlı bir diyalektik geliştirdiği görülür. Bu çalışmada Christophe Bouton, söz konusu iki sistem taslağında doğanın soyut zamanına ait momentlerin ürettiği sonlu diyalektiğin Hegelci mantıksal ikili sonsuzluk teorisiyle nasıl aşıldığını inceler. Bouton’a göre orta Jena dönemi (...) taslakları sadece Hegel’in düşünsel gelişim sürecine ışık tutmaz, aynı zamanda Hegel’in Berlin döneminde açıkça ortaya koyacağı doğanın zamanı ile Tinin zamanı olarak tarih arasındaki ilişkiyi de temellendirir. Bu bağlamda Heidegger, Koyré ve Bloch gibi yorumcuların aksine Bouton, Hegelci zaman diyalektiğinin kökeninde geçmişin ya da geleceğin önceliği tezini reddeder. Bouton’a göre Hegel felsefesinde zamanın anlamı, zamanın diğer iki boyutundan yalıtılmış olan geçmişte değil, üç zamansal boyutu kendinde içeren somut şimdidedir. Bouton, zaman ve zamana tabi olan hadiselerin yarattığı açmazın yanı sıra, ezeli ve ebedilik ile somut şimdi arasındaki ilişkiyi Jena dönemi ile Berlin dönemine ait dersler ışığında inceler. (shrink)

İsrā’iliyyat which is the narration material passed on to Islam from other religions and cultures, primarily Judaism and Christianity has been one of the topics discussed especially within the frame of tafsir discipline throughout the fourteen centuries of Islamic history. While these narrations were used as one of the sources of information without being subjected to a normative evaluation in the early day tafsirs, they have been started to be criticized emphasizing mainly on the weakness of their imputation in the (...) classical tafsirs. When it was reached to the modern era, with the effect of movements of thoughts such as Western originated positivism, rationalism, and historical criticism, and orientalist allegations. İsrā’iliyyat has been criticized rather content-wise, reviewed as unreal, imaginary, mythological story-type narrations mixed with superstitions. As a result of these criticisms, both a distance has been kept from İsrā’iliyyat and also alternatives to it have been pursued. Although in the modern-day tafsirs, it has been consulted to the Bible as the strongest alternative to İsrā’iliyyat, this situation has made way for many debates, and it has dwelled on other alternatives than that. These points mentioned are valid for Tunisian scholar Tāhir İbn ʿĀshūr’s (1879-1973) tafsir named al-Tahrīr wa’t-Tanwīr, too. An important feature of this tafsir is that although it has been looked kindly upon İsrā’ili narrations within the frame of certain criteria, it has been criticized in general. The writer has developed alternatives to İsrā’ili narrations without complimenting them as much as possible. Among these alternatives, while he prioritized the Bible narrations, he didn’t settle for this and he headed for other alternatives, too. In this study, it has been emphasized on methods of text-centered commentary, socio-psychologic commentary, and foresight-based commentary, which İbn ʿĀshūr used as an alternative to İsrā’iliyyat from time to time. It has been seen that the writer developed stronger and farther-from-a-debate-ground methods compared to İsrā’iliyyat and used these methods successfully in this way. It has come to the conclusion that in the case of these methods being used in Qura’ân parables accurately, they can be an important alternative to İsrā’iliyyat. (shrink)

Background: While academics contribute to the development of society through all the subjects that they work on, they also have other important tasks to fulfill, such as being role models for their students and society. Therefore, the place of academic ethical values is a significant topic for academic nurses. Objective: The main objective of this research was to examine the attitudes of academic nurses toward academic ethics. Research design: This descriptive and cross-sectional research study was conducted between March and June (...) 2017 in three different public universities in Turkey. The research sample consisted of 132 nurses in different professional positions at different universities who volunteered to participate in the study. The data were collected with an Information Form and an Academic Ethical Values Scale developed in Turkey. Ethical considerations: Ethical approval was granted by the institutions involved, and all participants provided informed verbal consent. Findings: The attitudes of academics participating in the research on academic ethical values were found to be highly positive. When the sub-dimensions of the scale were examined, the dimension with the highest average attitudinal score is found to be “values regarding the teaching process” and the dimension with the lowest average attitude score is found to be “values regarding society.” Depending on the participants’ academic position, it was determined that the total average score for the Academic Ethical Values Scale and the average scores of the “values regarding scientific research” and “values regarding the teaching process” sub-dimensions differed significantly (p < 0.05). Conclusion: It was found that academic nurses had highly positive attitudes of toward academic ethical values. It can be argued that academics act more responsibly with regard to the ethical values of the teaching process than other areas. In addition, academics who are professors are most sensitive in their perception of academic ethical values. (shrink)

Ortadoğu bölgesindeki çatışma ve istikrarsızlık ortamının ardında İran - Suudi Arabistan rekabeti bulunmaktadır. Bununla birlikte bu rekabetin politik doğası, çoğunlukla ana akım medya tarafından aşırı derecede basitleştirilmiştir. Benzer biçimde İran – Suudi Arabistan rekabetinin içindeki kimlik politikaları üzerine yazılmış literatürün büyük bir kısmı bölgesel istikrarsızlıkların kökeni ve kaynağını ağırlıklı olarak tarihlerinin genel ve betimleyici bir hesabını sunmuş veya oyuncuların iktidar mücadeleleri içerisinde Sünni ve Şii İslam’ın politikleşmesine ve manipülasyonuna odaklanmıştır. Halen mevcut olan kimlik politikaları üzerine teorileri sentezleyen, yani Primordializm, araçsallık, (...) ve sosyal inşacılık, bu araştırmanın teorik modelini oluşturmaktadır. Bu modelde, mezhepsel kimlik – Ortadoğu toplumlarının ve yanı sıra bölgesel tarihin bir gerçeği olarak – sadece politik süreçler üzerine muazzam etkileri ölçülmedi, ayrıca politik uygulamalarda her düzeydeki politik aktörlerin kullanımıyla karşılaştırılmıştır. (shrink)

In Turkey, where the philosophy of religion is still a relatively new academic field, there are different approaches regarding the fundamental principles that should guide its development. It has been claimed that to conduct a Muslim philosophy of religion, it is necessary to stay away from the concepts that are the product of the intellectual pursuit of Western thought. This claim, which is put forward by Hasan Er, is justified by the thought that some of the basic concepts that emerged (...) in the philosophy of religion in the West are a product of the West’s confrontation with the Christian medieval thought, and therefore, they do not comply with the basic Islamic principles. The judgment that the philosophy of religion in the West arose based on Christianity seems acceptable. From this point of view, since the belief system of Christianity is very different from Islam, it has been argued that the concepts used in the philosophy of religion in the West should not be associated with Islam. Three concepts are especially claimed to be avoided here. These are deism, atheism, and theism. This claim triggers an important debate in philosophy of religion. This is whether there can be a philosophy of religion specific to a particular religion. In this study, the claims briefly described above will be discussed. While doing this, the claims put forward will be subjected to an analytical evaluation. As a result, it will be discussed that the concepts should be considered not only with the meanings they first appeared but also with the meanings they acquired in the process. On the other hand, if it is not possible to make a Muslim philosophy of religion with Western concepts, then it will be taken into consideration that it is necessary to ask “How Muslim is the philosophy of religion?”. (shrink)

Traditionally, the consequences of employees' behavior (teleology) and the norms attributed to the behavior (deontology) have been two familiar determinants of ethical decision making (EDM). More recently, emotions have also gained considerable attention for their ability to affect EDM. Marketing ethics literature overlooks how emotions are related with norms and consequences. Hence, this study investigates how normative, consequentialist, and emotional factors interactively influence EDM in a sales ethics context. Using scenarios with a 2 × 2 between-groups factorial design, we collected (...) data online from 303 sales professionals. Then we used independent samples t tests and hierarchical regression models to analyze the hypothesized relationships. Results indicate that violation of and obedience to deontological norms stimulate negative and positive anticipated emotions, respectively, leading to stronger EDM. However, to a lesser extent, when violation of and obedience to deontological norms do not stimulate anticipated emotions, those emotions lead to weaker EDM. Moreover, consequences do not stimulate any anticipated emotions. Instead, consequences moderate the relationship between anticipated emotions and EDM. In addition, deontological and teleological evaluations mediate the relationship between anticipated emotions and EDM. These findings highlight the importance of considering the interplay between normative, consequentialist, and emotional factors in the formation of ethical judgments and intentions. The article discusses the implications of these results for sales professionals and organizations and suggests future research directions. (shrink)

Background Interventions to improve ethical decision-making are available in nursing education. Evidence of its effectiveness is essential. Objective This review examined the effectiveness of interventions to improve nursing students’ ethical decision-making skills. Methods A structured search was performed in Google Scholar, Web of Science, Science Direct, Pubmed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, Elsevier, CINAHL EBSCO, and ULAKBIM. The Joanna Briggs Institute Meta-Analysis of Statistics Assessment and Review Instruments (JBI-MAStARI) was used to assess the quality of studies. Ethical considerations Ethical approval was not (...) required for this systematic review. Findings The final review was composed of six studies of published between January 2013 and 2023. Nine different teaching methods applied to students. Although the importance of ethical decision-making skills in solving ethical problems that nurses may encounter at any time is known, it is thought that there is a lack of data in the literature in the last 10 years. The last 10 years were chosen as this aims to provide a review based on the most current, relevant and quality information. The review indicated that all of the teaching methods improved ethical decision-making. Conclusion Different teaching methods can be used in the nursing education curriculum to meet the learning needs of nursing students in ethical decision-making. (shrink)