Resumen. El presente documento tiene como finalidad plasmar la importancia que tiene el tomar encuenta los deseos y necesidades de los espectadores para el éxito económico de las organizaciones deproducción cinematográfica mexicanas. Se establecen las funciones culturales y económicas quedeben considerar los directores y productores de las organizaciones aquí estudiadas. Por otro lado, seubica los diferentes grados de insatisfacción en los que cae un espectador al que no le agradó lapelícula. Se propone el concepto “Síndrome Lozano-Barragán”* para ubicar a (...) aquellasorganizaciones de producción cinematográfica que culpan a los espectadores que quedaroninsatisfechos, del fracaso en taquilla, además de argumentar que dichos espectadores no supieronentender la película o que no saben de la naturaleza de la misma. Por último, hacemos algunasrecomendaciones que pueden seguir las organizaciones de producción cinematográfica para evitareste síndrome e incrementar la satisfacción de los espectadores.Palabras Claves. Organizaciones de producción cinematográfica, industria cultural, síndrome Lozano-Barragán, espectadores, insatisfacción.. The main purpose of this document is to state the importance of taking into considerationthe desires and needs of the spectators by the Mexican film production organizations has for theireconomical success. It establishes the cultural and economic functions that filmmakers studied onthis document must consider. On the other hand, it locates the different degrees of the dissatisfactionin which a spectator can falls into when he or she doesn´t like the movie. We propose the “Lozano-Barragan syndrome”* concept, to distinguish those film production organizations that blame thedissatisfied spectator, for the box office failure, as well as, they argued that those spectators didn´tunderstand the movies or that they don´t understand the nature of it. Finally, we make somerecommendations that could de followed by the film production organizations to avoid this syndromeand increase the spectator satisfaction.Keywords. Film production organizations, cultural industry, Lozano-Barragan syndrome,spectators, dissatisfaction. (shrink)

This paper reviews the development of socially responsible investment (SRI) in the Spanish financial market. The year, 1997 saw the appearance in Spain of the first SRI mutual fund, but it was not until late 1999, that major Spanish fund managers offered SRI mutual funds on the retail market. The development of SRI in the Spanish financial market has not experienced the high levels of development seen in other European countries, such as France or Italy, where interest in SRI began (...) during the same period. This paper presents an analysis of the impact of SRI mutual funds managed by Spanish fund managers comparing the evolution of managed assets and number of investors. We also analyse the investment strategies adopted by these funds, which mainly use negative screening criteria and the participation of non-governmental organisations as institutional investors. An analysis of the take up of socially responsible investment in the Spanish financial market shows majors deficits in this process. This is due to Spanish investors having limited sensitivity to social issues and knowledge of SRI, and a lack of development of SRI investment strategies, such as engagement or shareholder activism by fund managers. Furthermore, the take-up of SRI mutual funds in the Spanish financial market coincided with a fall in the stock market at the beginning of the 21st Century. We conclude with an analysis of the relationship between SRI and Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). (shrink)

Journal of Social Philosophy, Volume 53, Issue 3, Page 421-440, Fall 2022.

Objectives: The objectives of this research are to identify social skills and bullying among high school students. The particular objective consists in locating the correlation between the social skills that the student presents in relation to the bullying that exists in educational institutions. Methodology: We work with high school students, Goldstein's Social Skills Checklist is applied, it contains six areas, which are obtained by answering fifty items with a Likert scale, with options of never, rarely, sometimes, frequently. and always. With (...) a score of 1,2,3,4. And 5 respectively. Likewise, the Cisneros Bullying Self-Test is used. It contains three harassment indicators and eight areas. It presents fifty items on a Likert scale, with three response options, never, rarely and many times, with a score of 1, 2 and three respectively. Reliability and correlation will be obtained from the results. Contribution: Identifying bullying and its form of existence will allow prevention and treatment of the phenomenon by improving the social skills of secondary school students. (shrink)

Previous research has demonstrated that people are susceptible to developing false memories, that is to recall events that did not actually occur or recall them differently than they occurred (Dods...

Los doctores Porfirio Cardona-Restrepo y Freddy Santamaría Velasco iniciaron la edición de esta obra titulada Estética analítica: entre el pragmatismo y el neopragmatismo, en el primer semestre del año de 2013, en el ambiente académico del Doctorado de Filosofía de la Universidad Santo Tomás. Los autores emprendieron la tarea de publicar unos artículos reflexivos sobre el asunto estético desde la perspectiva de las vertientes filosóficas de la analítica, la pragmática y la neopragmática con el sello editorial de la Universidad Pontificia (...) Bolivariana. (shrink)

Las directrices anticipadas aún no se encuentran legisladas en todos los estados de la República mexicana. En algunos de los estados en los que sí se encuentran legisladas, se prohíbe expresamente su validez durante el periodo de gestación. Lo anterior representa dilemas bioéticos y jurídicos importantes, los cuales revisamos para esclarecer las diversas interrogantes que surgen en materia de la protección tanto del bebé como de la madre gestante. Concluimos que existe una necesidad de desarrollar una ley federal que homologue (...) las directrices anticipadas, garantizando una muerte digna a todos los mexicanos, y que establezca que en caso de encontrarse en periodo de gestación, se busque asesoría por un comité de bioética que apoye a determinar en cada caso particular, las condiciones que favorezcan el desarrollo y supervivencia del bebé, siempre que sea posible, sin recurrir a tratamientos y/o medidas extraordinarias que pongan el riesgo la muerte digna y libre de sufrimiento de la madre. (shrink)

With the arrival of the nineteenth century, a process of change guided the treatment of three basic elements in the development of mathematics: rigour, the arithmetization and the clarification of the concept of function, categorised as the most important tool in the development of the mathematical analysis. In this paper we will show how several prominent mathematicians contributed greatly to the development of these basic elements that allowed the solid underpinning of mathematics and the consideration of mathematics as an axiomatic (...) way of thinking in which anyone can deduce valid conclusions from certain types of premises. This nineteenth century stage shares, possibly with the Heroic Age of Ancient Greece, the most revolutionary period in all history of mathematics. (shrink)

Republican theorists have paid little attention to the normative problems of secession conflicts. So far, there is no such thing as a democratic republican theory of right of secession ; nor any comprehensive analysis of current TRS has ever been undertaken from a democratic republican point of view. This article tries to fill this second gap as a first step in order to fill that first one. In doing so, it shows how secession conflicts pose threats for two core democratic (...) republican values: freedom and inclusion. The threats are, concretely, those of exclusion, blackmailing minorities, arbitrary permanent majorities, and instability. The article also shows how, due to their respective pro-unionist or pro-secessionist biases, no current TRS seems to be able to handle those threats; and briefly outlines how a democratic republican TRS, based on a non-unilateralist logic, could be developed. (shrink)

The article critically develops Nietzsche's presence in Heidegger's second great work, Contributions to Philosophy. Heidegger considers Nietzsche the last metaphysicist. However, being Western Metaphysics' zenith is the greatest thing that can be said of a thinker, since being the one who brings to completion a school of thought makes one, at the same time, the precursor of the ‘other’ begining and thus his concept of God's dead, nihilism and truth really can open the door to a kind of post-metaphysical thought, (...) as Heidegger would say, the thought of the history od being. Therefore, between Nietzsche's "God is dead" and Heidegger's "last God" there exists continuity and parallelism that needs future development. (shrink)

Colonization has had extremely negative impacts on the mental health and wellness of Indigenous peoples throughout the world. In this paper we take up colonial processes as they relate to Indigenous lives and mental health in three contexts: Canada, Kenya and Australia. This work engages storytelling and the method of storywork (Archibald et al., 2019) as a way to preserve and pass on history and as a way of resisting colonial oppression. This work is grounded in an intersectional approach to (...) social justice and decolonization (Crenshaw, 1990; Hankivsky & Cormier, 2011), and supported sharing, knowledge co-creation and joint thematic narrative analysis of Indigenous experiences of mental health and justice systems across the three contexts. Our writing team represents a collaborative process between Indigenous and non-Indigenous authors where the members of the team most impacted by colonization use stories to reflect on the impact of colonization and its specific ties to psychiatric, justice and child welfare systems. This paper is presented in three main parts beginning with “Emile’s Story,” followed by “Remembering ‘Is That You Ruthie?’” and concluding with “Navigating Kenya’s Colonial Legacy.” This work engages a process of decolonization by challenging these destructive colonial narratives through storytelling. This paper will both document and demonstrate the importance of creating space for different forms of knowledge creation within academia. (shrink)

Tradicionalmente la conceptualización del tópico persona se ha circunscrito a ámbitos como la teología, la filosofía o la antropología. Sin embargo, la incorporación del tópico a gran parte de los textos de naturaleza política, así como en las declaraciones de derechos y tratados internacionales adoptados a partir de la II Guerra Mundial ha supuesto la constitucionalización del mismo. Consecuentemente, como término constitucional su interpretación queda a merced de los actores jurídicos designados para ello en el sistema político constitucional. Es por (...) ello, que, con el fin de determinar el contenido de significado actual del tópico ha de atenderse a las sentencias que interpretan la norma fundante. En este artículo, centramos nuestro estudio en la jurisprudencia del Tribunal Constitucional Español. Esto nos permite poner de relieve el concepto de persona en ellas contenido: su alcance y sus limitaciones. (shrink)

Bíos y zoé son dos nociones que se encuentran en la base de las reflexiones contemporáneas tanto en la bioética como en biopolítica. Su resonancia proviene de una experiencia originaria de lo viviente que aparece desde el pensamiento antiguo en Grecia, incluso antes que la filosofía. Los di- versos derroteros de estas dos ideas han marcado las múltiples maneras en que la modernidad occidental ha comprendido la vida pero, al mismo tiempo, estas formas de comprensión ocultan su complejidad a través (...) de una tendencia a reducirlas a objetos de la racionalidad instrumental. (shrink)

The Kitāb Takrīm al-ma‛īsha bi-taḥrīm al-ḥashīsha and the Kitāb Tatmīm al-Takrīm li-mā fi l-ḥashīsh min al-taḥrīm by Quṭb al-dīn al-Qasṭallānī occupy a prominent place in the Arabic literature scene on drugs in general and on hashish in particular. Its relevance is due to the fact that most of the Arab authors of subsequent centuries made use of these two epistles in drafting their treatises. That is why al-Qasṭallānī is the most frequently quoted authority in the aforementioned treatises. A close look (...) at both epistles reveals a considerable amount of historiographic unknown data to date on Arabic writing devoted to hashish and prompts us to question other generally accepted data. Futhermore, the characterisation of al-Qasṭallānī's historic personality perfectly illustrates the arrangement of orthodox sufi stratum who were the most important defenders of the ideological fight against hashish consumption during the 13th century. At the same time, the study of the contents of their epistles offers us a clear image of the general ideological context in which the controversy among those Sufis who were against and those who were for the ritual consumption for hashish took place. (shrink)

The aim of this article is to reflect on how, from a philosophical point of view, race and politics are codependent categories. Based on reflections inspired by Michel Foucault, the article shows how this philosopher helps us to understand this interrelationship. As an example and an exercise in connecting thought with reality, it reflects on the difficulties historically undertaken by whiteness to prevent the black population from occupying spaces in the political arena. However, the reflections show that the strategies to (...) make the political agency of black people invisible have something to tell us. In dialogue with historiography, this reflection presents evidence of a black political philosophy and points to the need for Brazilian political philosophy to investigate its characteristics in order to contribute to eradicating the epistemicide that philosophy itself and other sciences have fed by not being predisposed to investigate, codify and present Afro-Brazilian philosophies in order to comply with the provisions of Laws 10.639/03 and 11/645/08. (shrink)

El artículo se propone una reflexión crítica sobre el fenómeno del holograma en concierto, a través del “Callas in Concert”, del _Rose Theater at Lincoln Center_. Para ello, se diserta sobre la imagen, la reproducción y la condición de imitación del holograma con relación al original, y la calidad de esa experiencia estética. Asimismo, se analiza su función de _pharmakon_ para la memoria humana, las profundas diferencias que guarda con el recuerdo, y lo que puede afectar nuestras relaciones con el (...) pasado. Finalmente, si fenómenos como el holograma en concierto, son muestras de la condición ‹‹irreemplazable›› –como sostiene Gadamer- de la experiencia en directo. (shrink)

Love has always liked, as we can observe since the same lyrical beginnings, to show itself, proclaim itself, as if something vital was played in that revelation that, in a certain sense, does not stop being strange because we are talking about deep experiences of each one’s soul. Now, that showing, which has found a place of privilege, must be thought under the digital cloak that dresses Eros, and think about it, then, as digital Eros. From Plato, Eros is a (...) desire for the beautiful, Eros loves the beautiful. Therefore, the showing itself beautiful of love, requires a reflection in relation with how we show ourselves beautiful, that is, how the possibilities of networks allow us to make, sculpt, elaborate for that purpose. Finally, this implies a revision of the fictitious and the authentic of us, what the networks allow of us. (shrink)

The figure of chiasmus, which plays a key role inside Merleau-Ponty’s thought, makes it possible to address the way Castoriadis defines the imaginary throughout his entire work from a new perspective, as well as to shed light on some complexities concerning the relation between instituted and instituting. Tthis article emphasizes the intertwining of three pair of concepts, each of which corresponds to a different but yet interrelated aspect of his philosophy: psyche-society, tradition-innovation, and autonomy-heteronomy.

Se establecen las relaciones internas entre tres núcleos fundamentales del pensamiento de Newman: conciencia, fe y desarrollo de la doctrina cristiana; y se muestran, además, como claves interpretativas de su biografía, fundamentalmente hasta su conversión a la Iglesia Católica en 1845. La tesis es que la fe, como contenido de verdad, es la piedra clave que sostiene este edificio de pensamiento y vida. A ella tiende el mandato de la conciencia, el primero de los elementos que sostienen el acto libre (...) de la fe. El desarrollo de la doctrina cristiana establece el vínculo entre la fe revelada y el lugar donde esta fe vive, la Iglesia Católica Romana. (shrink)

The importance of mathematics in the context of the scientific and technological development of humanity is determined by the possibility of creating mathematical models of the objects studied under the different branches of Science and Technology. The arithmetisation process that took place during the nineteenth century consisted of the quest to discover a new mathematical reality in which the validity of logic would stand as something essential and central. Nevertheless, in contrast to this process, the development of mathematical analysis within (...) a framework that largely involves intuition and geometry is a fact that cannot go unnoticed amongst the mathematics community, as we shall show in this paper through the research made by Bernhard Riemann on complex variables. (shrink)

Los desafíos de la filosofía para el siglo XXI -- ¿La filosofía tiene alguna función en la sociedad? -- ¿Incide la filosofía mexicana en la sociedad actual? -- Diez tesis sobre el papel de la filosofía en la educación y la sociedad -- La filosofía y las humanidades y su no lugar en la reforma de la educación media superior puesta en marcha por la Secretaría de Educación Pública -- La tarea de las humanidades hoy -- En torno al libro (...) Ser y quehacer de la universidad. Ciencia, poder, eticidad, de Francisco Piñon -- El edificio de la razón, de Jaime Labastida -- Tres retos de la sociedad por venir, de Luis Villoro -- Ética y política, de Adolfo Sánchez Vázquez. (shrink)

In recent years, scholars have increasingly dedicated their attention to analyse and reflect on the topic of leadership. However, the debate has often focused on the figure of the leader, as if being a leader were a self-sufficient function in itself, understood without finalities or independent of them. I would argue that leadership is not a position that can be assumed, but, rather, a relationship that is constructed. Similarly, the question of leaders has often given rise to a deconstruction of (...) its components, without any insight as to how the reality is put together. Leadership cannot be understood solely from a technical or instrumental perspective. It is not a mere relational skill that simply requires developing competencies. The exercise of leadership always includes—explicitly or implicitly—a connection with values. Therefore, developing leadership is impossible without a personal process that develops the person’s capacity for perception, learning, interiorisation, explicit sense-making and constructing meaning. These issues are truly important at a time in which the debate on business education and its contribution is completely open, targeting the very core of business education’s reason for being. Though open, the debate can only become a truly dynamic discussion if there is a real dialogue between the different positions and traditions. For this reason, this paper proposes an anthropological and non-denominational reading of some of the fundamental meditations found in the Spiritual Exercises of Saint Ignatius which could be used as a heuristic in the debate regarding what business schools propose. This paper represents an initial step in this direction, exploring some of the potentialities of the Spiritual Exercises for business schools that do not claim any religious tradition. (shrink)

The aim of this article is to contribute to understanding the changing role of government in promoting corporate social responsibility (CSR). Over the last decade, governments have joined other stakeholders in assuming a relevant role as drivers of CSR, working together with intergovernmental organizations and recognizing that public policies are key in encouraging a greater sense of CSR. This paper focuses on the analysis of the new strategies adopted by governments in order to promote, and encourage businesses to adopt, CSR (...) values and strategies. The research is based on the analysis of an explanatory framework, related to the development of a relational analytical framework, which tries to analyze the vision, values, strategies and roles adopted by governments, and the integration of new partnerships that governments establish in the CSR area with the private sector and social organizations. The research compares CSR initiatives and public policies in three European countries: Italy, Norway and the United Kingdom, and focuses on governmental drivers and responses. The preliminary results demonstrate that governments are incorporating a common statement and discourse on CSR, working in partnership with the private and social sectors. For governments, CSR implies the need to manage a complex set of relationships in order to develop a win–win situation between business and social organizations. However, the research also focuses on the differences between the three governments when applying CSR public policies. These divergences are based on the previous cultural and political framework, such as the welfare state typology, the organizational structures and the business and social and cultural background in each country. (shrink)

This paper is a part of a broader research project which aims to examine how ethical paradigms are related to theories of organization and management. Using an analysis of various studies on the issue of Business Ethics as its point of departure the paper points out that there are two converging lines of thought. The first emphasizes that management should be reexamined in the light of the cultural changes taking place and maintains that management is a key factor in this (...) change. The second proposes that ethics in general (and Business Ethics in particular) should be understood to mean more than simply applying certain values and stresses that this definition of ethics should be rethought in order to foster a closer relationship between ethics and the decision-making processes. (shrink)

Over the last decade, our appreciation of the importance of the nucleolus for cellular function has progressed from the ordinary to the extraordinary. We no longer think of the nucleolus as simply the site of ribosome production, or a dynamic subnuclear body noted by pathologists for its changes in size and shape with malignancy. Instead, the nucleolus has emerged as a key controller of many cellular processes that are fundamental to normal cell homeostasis and the target for dysregulation in many (...) human diseases; in some cases, independent of its functions in ribosome biogenesis. These extra‐nucleolar or new functions, which we term “non‐canonical” to distinguish them from the more traditional role of the nucleolus in ribosome synthesis, are the focus of this review. In particular, we explore how these non‐canonical functions may provide novel insights into human disease and in some cases new targets for therapeutic development. (shrink)

En este artículo interpreto las cuatro primeras secciones de Humano, demasiado humano I para argumentar que la filosofía de Nietzsche tiene pretensiones diagnósticas y terapéuticas. En el primer apartado, se muestra que dicha filosofía es psicológica. En el segundo apartado se ilustra la psicología descriptiva de la filosofía de Nietzsche, la cual señala que las doctrinas metafísicas descansan sobre malentendidos psicológicos y que los sentimientos y representaciones considerados “superiores” se basan en motivos egoístas y errores de la razón. En el (...) tercer apartado se defiende que la filosofía de Nietzsche también es médica e intelectualista: su indagación sobre la psicología humana le permite, primero, diagnosticar dos tipos de enfermedad, una causada por el conocimiento científico (la enfermedad existencial) y otra causada por las doctrinas metafísicas (la enfermedad nerviosa), y segundo, curar ambos tipos de enfermedades al eliminar, con el mismo conocimiento científico, sus causas. (shrink)

Este artículo investiga la historia de algunos de los mitos y supersticiones sobre la mandrágora (Mandragora spp.) que estaban en circulación en el mundo árabo-islámico entre los siglos X al XVII y analiza los usos mágicos de la planta en ese contexto. Más concretamente, se analiza cómo y para qué era utilizada la mandrágora en el marco de las operaciones de magia blanca o natural (al-sīmiyāʾ), relacionando sus usos con las diferentes ciencias o artes (ʿulūm) que intervienen en la definición (...) y práctica de esta forma de magia. Los resultados de la investigación indican que la mandrágora ocupó un lugar muy destacado en la farmacopea vegetal utilizada en las prácticas de magia blanca, tal y como muestran los ungüentos, amuletos, talismanes, sahumerios, fumigaciones, inhalaciones y filtros de mandrágora documentados en las fuentes árabes y que estaban destinados a muy diferentes fines. Los resultados también indican que las creencias mágicas sobre la planta presentes en la tradición árabo-islámica tienen su origen en los mitos y supersticiones de la Antigüedad grecolatina y oriental; al mismo tiempo, muestran un estrecho paralelismo con el complejo de creencias y prácticas vigentes en la Europa cristiana del período objeto de este estudio. (shrink)

Dionisos necesita de Apolo para apareceren la vida humana, para que pueda sercomprendido. La Canción Ebria de Asíhablaba Zaratustra en su estado actual essoportable por su apariencia; una vez setransforme en trágica Canción Sobria, setornará en una verdad insoportable. Estacanción se revela como una mentira felizy como un engaño verídico, porque esaparente. Abonar el camino para poder verel reflejo sobrio en el rostro de Dionisos.Serán dos las conclusiones de este artículo,la música pasa eternamente por encima delas ideas, y la idea (...) de Heráclito “El Oscurode Éfeso” es verdadera, de un niño quejuega es el reino. Antes de cantar, hayque transformar, la música comienza aescucharse, cae la primera máscara y conella la tragedia a escenificarse. El paso de losoportable a lo insoportable, sólo se puededenominar “Quinto Evangelio”.Di onys us needs Apol l o t o appear i nhuman life, to be understood. The DrunkSong from “Thus Spoke Zarathustra” inthe current state is bearable because oftheir appearance, once transformed intotragic Sober Song, will become a trulyunbearable. This song is revealed as ahappy lie and a truthful deceit because ispretends. Set up the way to see the soberreflection on Dionysus’s face. There willbe two conclusions of this article, themusic switches eternally over the ideasand the thought of Heraclitus “The Darkof Ephesus” is true, from the child whoplays is the kingdom. Before sing, the songmust be transformed; the music starts tolisten, the first mask falls down after that,the tragedy to stage. The transition fromthe bearable to unbearable, can only be callthe “Fifth Gospel”. (shrink)