In Contagious Architecture, Luciana Parisi offers a philosophicalinquiry into the status of the algorithm in architectural and interaction design.

Kristen Ghodsee continue avec cet ouvrage la récupération de l’héritage historique de l’activisme international des femmes du bloc de l’Est, thème qu’elle avait lancé en 2015 avec The Left Side of History: World War II and the Unfulfilled Promise of Communism in Eastern Europe. Elle y ajoute un nouveau volet : l’expérience de l’Afrique postcoloniale et la lutte de ses militantes politiques pour les droits des femmes pendant la Décennie des Nations Unies pour la femme, 1975‑1985. K. Ghodsee co...

The paper explores the extent to which “gender”, as category of analysis, can be a useful tool in explaining the nature and the impact of humanitarian aid of western organizations towards children in Europe, between 1980 and 2007, using as case study the relation France ‑Romania. By Humanitarian aid I refer to the material or logistical assistance provided for humanitarian purposes, as it evolved during the twentieth century and culminated with the emergence of a new, transnational humanitarianism, with permanent, professional (...) actors.”. For this study gender is understood as social construction and the assignment of specific roles, responsibilities and expectations to women and to men in the social sector, which includes the policies regarding health, education and sanitation. (shrink)

Nuestro trabajo ofrece algunas claves de lectura del proceso por el cual fue posible que la actividad de los tribunales de justicia, a comienzos de los años '90 en Latinoamérica en general y en Argentina de manera significativa, adquiriese una relevancia y una consideración singular respecto al ejercicio del poder político. Este fenómeno, habitualmente denominado "judicialización de la política", supone una tendencia a procesar y dar respuesta a conflictos de índole política, a través de instituciones judiciales. En relación a ello, (...) nos interesa mostrar las interconexiones, puntos de apoyo, resortes a través de los cuales es posible ligarlo al diagrama de relaciones de poder y procesos de subjetivación que caracterizan a la gubernamentalidad neoliberal. Our paper offers some lecture keys on the process through which made it possible the political relevance of judicial activity during the 1990's in Latin American in general, and in Argentina in particular. This phenomenon, commonly known as 'judicialization of politics', supposes a tendency of processing political conflicts through the judiciary. Related to that our paper proposes to show, to make it visible, interconnections and supports through which it is possible to understand it emergence within the diagram of power relations and processes of subjectivation that characterizes neoliberal governmentality. (shrink)

Ciência, religião e saúde Editorial v 14, n 41, jan./mar. 2016.

En este artículo se examina la noción de analogía en la filosofía de Kant. Excluido el significado coloquial del término, se identifican tres ámbitos de uso de esa noción. Se trata del ámbito de la lógica, el de la matemática y el de la filosofía crítica. Se sostiene que el uso de analogías en la filosofía crítica se vincula con la noción matemática de analogía, pero no se identifica con esta.

Possessive DPs are “complex” in the sense that they involve two distinct nominal expressions as components.1 In this paper I address the issue of characterizing the nature of the syntactic relation holding between these two nominal expressions in possessives whose possessum is arguably not a syntactic argument-taking category. This amounts to providing an account of what licenses the insertion of the possessor in the derivation of possessive DPs and in accounting for any further steps in the syntactic derivation which lead (...) to the structure which undergoes Spell-Out. (shrink)

; Some students in the audience liked the talk, but not all. The intuitive meaning of the sentences in (1) imposes restrictions (the material underlined in the glosses) that go beyond the meaning of logical disjunction or existential quantification: in formal logic, P ∨ Q is true if both disjuncts are, and ∃xP (x) is true if the P holds of all entities in the domain of quantification.

An important ingredient in understanding such sentences is resolving the question of: level in/of what? protection from what? what sort of documents? danger from what? Each of these is an example coming from novels, television commercials, and news reports. In the first instance, it is from a commercial for a brand of computers. In the commercial, which is pushing the most recent version of that computer, the voice-over announces (1a) just as a teenager exults after having apparently accomplished something worthy (...) of jubilation in a computer game. The message is intentionally interpretable in multiple ways: You are taken to a new level in the game, you are taken to a new level in computing power/speed, and, being a commercial, one also reads that it takes you to a new level in life. The second example is a story caption in a local newspaper. The article is about the shortage of flu shot vaccine in the U.S., and the people are going to Canada for flu shots, seeking protection from contracting the flu. The third example, also from a newspaper report2, requires not just that the FBI agent sold some documents or other, but rather that they were sensitive confidential documents, likely purloined from the FBI itself. The final instance is from a novel. In the novel the protagonist, in seeking to solve a crime, has overlooked something which in retrospect appears terribly obvious. The character’s self-deprecation thus reads: Sherlock Holmes’ reputation as a master sleuth was in no danger of being diminished. Each example, in context, reads seamlessly and poses little challenge to attentive or even inattentive readers and listeners. (shrink)

Public health emergencies such as pandemics can put health systems in a position where they need to ration medical equipment and interventions because the resources available are not sufficient to meet demand. In public health management, the fair allocation of resources is a permanent and cross-sector issue since resources, and especially economic resources, are not infinite. During the COVID-19 pandemic resources need to be allocated under conditions of extreme urgency and uncertainty. One very problematic aspect has concerned intensive care medicine (...) and age discrimination has been among the most hotly discussed issues, as age has been touted as a probable criterion for selection. In this paper we analyse some documents originating from scientific societies and medical associations, mainly related to EU sphere and available in English, French, Spanish and Italian (Switzerland, Spain, Belgium, France, England and Italy), concerning the criteria for admission to the intensive care units. We highlights how, in most of these documents, it is explicitly stated that “age itself” is not a criterion for patient selection. Our conclusion is that these criteria should be defined in advance of a crisis situation and be grounded in clinical indicators. Establishing “cut-off” policies with regard to criteria such as age or chronic disability is definitely an unjustifiable form of discrimination even in the context of a public health emergency. (shrink)

La cognition algorithmique joue un rôle central dans le capitalisme contemporain. Depuis la rationalisation du travail industriel et des relations sociales jusqu’à la finance, les algorithmes fondent un nouveau mode de pensée et de contrôle. Dans cette phase du tout-machinique dans l’évolution du capitalisme numérique, il ne suffit plus de se mettre du côté de la théorie critique pour accuser la computation de réduire la pensée humaine à des opérations mécaniques. Comme le théoricien de l’information Gregory Chaitin l’a démontré ; (...) l’incomputabilité et l’aléatoire doivent être conçus comme les conditions de bases de la computation. Si le technocapitalisme est contaminé par l’aléatoire computationnel et le chaos, la critique traditionnelle de la rationalité instrumentale doit elle aussi être remise en question : l’incomputable ne pleut plus être réduit au statut de contraire de la raison. (shrink)

As machines have become increasingly smart and have entangled human thinking with artificial intelligences, it seems no longer possible to distinguish among levels of decision-making that occur in the newly formed space between critical reasoning, logical inference and sheer calculation. Since the 1980s, computational systems of information processing have evolved to include not only deductive methods of decision, whereby results are already implicated in their premises, but have crucially shifted towards an adaptive practice of learning from data, an inductive method (...) of retrieving information from the environment and establishing general premises. This shift in logical methods of decision-making does not simply concern technical apparatuses, but is a symptom of a transformation in logical thinking activated with and through machines. This article discusses the pioneering work of Katherine Hayles, whose study of the cybernetic and computational infrastructures of our culture particularly clarifies this epistemological transformation of thinking in relation to machines. (shrink)

Summary The study, carried out in a Greek provincial town, focuses on the cultural meaning of university education and of participation in the extremely competitive entrance examinations to university. In spite of graduate unemployment, in relation to the labour market a university degree is seen as giving more possibilities. Also, the transition to university and the degree that follows are rewarded by the community with prestige and status. Moreover, gaining admission is also important in itself in relation to the individual's (...) wish to achieve something with herlhis own strength. Finally, taking part in the examinations is seen as being of the utmost importance in relation to the local values. Regardless of the outcome, it allows the participants to realize a particular set of values among which the ?duty to struggle? seems to occupy, for historical reasons, a central place. (shrink)

En el presente artículo sostenemos que el abordaje benjaminiano del problema de la melancolía en El origen del drama barroco alemán (1928) pone en juego la posibilidad de acceder a la estructura profunda del mundo material, mediante el establecimiento de una singular relación entre el sujeto melancólico y la naturaleza caída. Pues, si como el propio Benjamin afirma, todo sentimiento es la resultante de un objeto o de cierta conformación material que opera como su causa, la melancolía, por su parte, (...) es aquel sentimiento surgido del lamento profundo de la naturaleza revelado por medio del lenguaje, capaz de contemplar la tristeza que la constituye y el dolor que le genera la imposibilidad de redención. In this paper we argue that Walter Benjamin's approach to the problem of melancholy in The origin of German tragic drama (1928) brings an access to the deep structure of the material world through the establishment of a unique relationship between the melancholic human being and fallen nature. Therefore, if, as Benjamin says, every feeling is the result of an object or some material conformation that operates as its cause, melancholy, for its part, is that feeling emerged from the deep regret of nature revealed by the means of a language able to contemplate the sadness which constitutes it and the pain that generates the impossibility of redemption. (shrink)

O plano ampliado e reconfigurado dos fluxos de informação na contemporaneidade sugerem novas condições para que a ação da leitura e da interpretação possa ser estabelecida. Com o objetivo de refletir sobre as implicações que fazem parte destas ações desenvolvemos um exame dialético parcial sobre três obras - Ser e Tempo, de M. Heidegger, Investigações Lógicas, Sexta Investigação: Elementos de uma Elucidação Fenomenológica do Conhecimento, de E. Husserl, e Investigações Filosóficas, de L. Wittgenstein - que, embora não tenham tido o (...) objetivo direto de analisar a leitura e a interpretação, parecem oferecer elementos para refletirmos sobre estes fenômenos na contemporaneidade. Ao final, nos posicionamos a favor da interpretação enquanto uma ação social a priori e discorremos, sinteticamente, sobre a configuração dos atuais sistemas de informação, considerando tal condição. ABOUT THE LIMITS AND SCOPE OF INTERPRETATION: REFLECTIONS FROM HEIDEGGER, HUSSERL AND WITTGENSTEIN AbstractThe expanded and reconfigured plan of information's flow in contemporary can suggest new conditions for the action of interpretation be established. In order to reflect on the implications of this action be part of interpreting process, we have developed a partial dialectical examination of three works - Being and time, of M. Heidegger, Logical Investigations, Sixth Research: Elements of a Phenomenological Elucidation of Knowledge, of E. Husserl, and Philosophical Investigations, of L. Wittgenstein - which, although these works had not the direct interest to address the phenomenon of interpretation, seem to offer the necessary elements to reflect on this phenomenon in the nowadays. In the end, we position ourselves in favor of interpretation while social phenomenon placed a priori, and commented above, briefly, about the configuration of current information systems, considering that condition. (shrink)

We present in this article a discussion about gestures produced from the childhood entry in the interface with the experience of school time. It is a discussion woven inside the center for studies and research in education in particular, the times group of the faculty of education of the federal university of Juiz de Fora/MG. Throughout history, time has been discussed in various ways and still is, as well as childhood, conceptually constructed as a result of social, political, religious, and (...) cultural influences. In the attempt to "start thinking", we ask ourselves about what theoretical formulations have been based on childhood at the interface with school time in the field of education? We defend the central thesis that childhood, in a western cut, has been presented in productions still as social time. It is a recent movement to consider childhood as an event, experience, as opposed to the idea of childhood as the stage of life. As a result, considering infancy related to the tension between social time and time as intensity of the present, implies the need for pedagogical gestures that think this tension and, thus, consider the children of the current, narrowing their relations with the school, with knowledge and with life. To enlighten the issues sewn from our concerns, we chose authors such as Agamben, Leal, Bakhtin/Volochinov, Kohan, Vieira, Bento and Meneghel, Kramer, Borba, who focused on childhood and education. In order to problematize the time category, we dialogued with St. Augustine, Oliveira, Marques C. and Marques L, Skliar. The reading of our interlocutors and our listening with/to the school could subsidize the thought that we can invent ways not only imagined as possible with the perspective of reflecting time, childhood, experience and school on other bases. The interrogation, not the conviction, enables the sense of knowledge in the materiality of our practices, produced inside/outside the university. These are underprivileged subjects in curriculum matrices and disciplines that address the issue of children, their childhoods and temporalities. (shrink)

Este artigo se propõe a discutir a estética de Jean-François Lyotard a partir de dois eixos principais: 1) sua concepção de cultura de massa e 2) sua concepção de arte. Mediante a interpretação de algumas das principais obras de Lyotard, objetivamos mostrar como, ao longo da produção teórica de Lyotard sobre o pós-moderno, encontra-se uma valorização do novo, do exótico e do multiculturalismo que coloca o filósofo em dificuldades para definir cultura de massa e arte. A hipótese que norteia este (...) artigo é a de que Lyotard por vezes deliberadamente confunde os dois domínios, de modo que seu pensamento deixa de ser crítico em relação às produções culturais capitalistas, tornando-se conivente com o consumismo presente nas sociedades contemporâneas. (shrink)

Offrire consulenza filosofica vuol dire creare lo spazio affinché i concetti cruciali di qualcuno si presentino per essere pensati, sostituire la domanda: "Che fare?" con: "Che cosa pensare?".

En las páginas que siguen podrá encontrarse esbozada, en sus líneas fundamentales, la concepción de historia sustentada por Maquiavelo, en el marco de su pensamiento político. Se intenta identificar los supuestos sobre los que aquella es construida y, al mismo tiempo, extraer sus consecuencias. En e..

O objetivo deste estudo é adaptar e validar (validade de construto) os Questionários McGill de Amizade para uso com população adulta no Brasil. Estes instrumentos avaliam a qualidade da amizade através da percepção do indivíduo sobre funções do amigo, satisfação com a amizade, e sentimentos positivo..

Traditional grammars of French or Italian treat NPs of this type as more or less ordinary indefinite NPs: the noun is preceded by an indefinite determiner – the partitive determiner – and the whole NP receives an indefinite interpretation.

What has philosophy become after computation? Critical positions about what counts as intelligence, reason, and thinking have addressed this question by reenvisioning and pushing debates about the modern question of technology towards new radical visions. Artificial intelligence, it is argued, is replacing transcendental metaphysics with aggregates of data resulting in predictive modes of decision-making, replacing conceptual reflection with probabilities. This article discusses two main positions. While on the one hand, it is feared that philosophy has been replaced by cybernetic metaphysics, (...) on the other hand it is claimed that only the coconstitution of philosophy and automation challenges modern transcendental reason and colonial capital. As Donna Haraway pointed out, cybernetic circuits of communication have constructed counterfactual ontologies against the master narrative of the human. This article addresses recent attempts at redeveloping a critique of natural philosophy that explains cybernetic metaphysics beyond the universal master narratives of mechanicism and vitalism. This article suggests that the recursive system of nature and technology also needs to account for the problem of philosophical decision, which will be explored in terms of mediatic thinking, instrumentality, and automation. This article follows insights from the movie Get Out (2017) to argue that the model of philosophical decision relies on a servomechanic understanding of the medium of thought, based on the colonial abstraction of value in the prosthetic extension of the slave-machine. It explores the nonphilosophical envisioning of automation in terms of a counterfactual theorisation of the negative negation of the medium and argues for a nonoptical darkness entering the space of thinking. Philosophy and automation are neither coupled nor set in opposition as if in a ceaseless mirroring. Instead, both philosophy and automation must transform their self-determining axiomatics in order to host the heretic activities of machine propositions. (shrink)

According to attention-based theories, to explain organizational attention is to explain organizational behavior. In our study, we test the model of situated attention and firm behavior by examining the effects of attention structures and allocation of attention on organizational outcomes. We hypothesize a positive relationship between attention structures and the allocation of organizational attention that, in turn, has an effect on financial performance. Using a unique data set composed of indicators of social responsibility published by 338 Brazilian organizations between 2001 (...) and 2007, we find support for our hypotheses. Our findings suggest that organizational attention to social issues fully mediates the relationship between attention structures and financial performance. (shrink)

En este artículo se analiza la doctrina kantiana de la definición. Se estudia el desarrollo de esa doctrina en las lecciones de lógica del período precrítico, a partir de su comparación con la teoría de las definiciones de Meier. Se sostiene que Kant organiza su estudio a partir de los aspectos escogidos por Meier, pero es crítico de sus tesis.

Resumen: El artículo pretende dar cuenta de algunos de los problemas que caracterizan las prácticas contemporáneas de producción y validación de conocimiento científico en el ámbito de la ciencia jurídica. En general, y a diferencia de lo que sucede en otras áreas disciplinares de las ciencias sociales, entre el derecho y la ciencia jurídica se da una configuración singular según la cual los límites entre conocimiento producido y objeto de conocimiento aparecen ciertamente inestables. Esta singular configuración de la ciencia jurídica (...) permite comprender, entre otros problemas, la dificultad para los juristas de realizar investigaciones científicas propiamente, en lugar de comentarios de doctrina y/o jurisprudencia de marcado sesgo intervencionista, tendientes a proponer reformas interpretativas, legislativas o judiciales. En este trabajo nos abocaremos al análisis de tres obstáculos que condicionan esta singular configuración de la ciencia jurídica: la escasa reflexión sobre los supuestos epistemológicos de la ciencia jurídica, la identificación de lo jurídico con la norma y la reducción de éstas al texto de la ley y la presencia hegemónica de la dogmática jurídica como paradigma o concepción científica.: We intend to show some problems that characterize practices of production and validation of legal knowledge within juridical science. Unlike what happens in social sciences in general, between legal science and law there is a singular configuration by which the limits on knowledge and the object of knowledge are very uncertain. This singularity allows us to understand why it is so difficult for the jurists to make scientific research rather than mere comments on the law with a strong trend to propose institutional reforms and social interventions. In this paper, we will focus on three obstacles that contribute to explain this singularity on legal science: a lack of reflection about epistemological assumptions, identification between the juridical and positive laws and between positive laws and legal texts, and the hegemony of legal dogma in the paradigm of legal science. (shrink)

O presente artigo tem por objetivo discutir a relação entre cultura e educação em Friedrich Nietzsche, filósofo conhecido pelo caráter intempestivo de seus escritos e profundo crítico de sua época. Sua abordagem da questão da educação é, na verdade, um profundo questionamento da própria função e do propósito da prática educativa, a qual ele diagnosticou como estando, já em sua época, cada vez mais submissa e atrelada aos interesses de uma economia de mercado, mero adestramento e preparação para o mercado (...) de trabalho. (shrink)

Habermas pensa a questão da individuação e da socialização a partir dos estudos de George Hebert Mead, que, na sua concepção, foi o primeiro a refletir substancialmente sobre um modelo de eu produzido socialmente. Mead oferece todo subsídio teórico para o desenvolvimento de uma teoria da evolução humana que envolve o processo de individuação e de socialização. Pelo paradigma de intercompreensão, ou seja, da relação intersubjetiva de indivíduos que se socializam por meio da comunicação e se reconhecem mutuamente, Mead permite (...) a mudança de paradigma da consciência de si, da autorreferência de um sujeito que age isoladamente para o indivíduo que processa trocas sociais mediante a linguagem. Portanto, um dos principais componentes da teoria de Mead, em que Habermas busca contribuição para sua Teoria da Ação Comunicativa, é o processo de constituição do "eu", sua identidade. Mead acredita ser a individuação representada como um processo que é linguisticamente mediador da socialização e da construção de uma história de vida, na qual os sujeitos são conscientes de si. É esse meio linguístico estabelecido entre os sujeitos e o meio do entendimento intrassubjetivo e histórico vital que possibilita a formação de uma identidade de sujeitos socializados. É o reconhecimento intersubjetivo e autoentendimento mediado intersubjetivamente que propicia a formação da identidade. Esse quadro conceitual será fundamental a Habermas, na sua acepção de eu pós-convencional. Habermas discusses the question of individualization and socialization on the basis of the studies of George Herbert Mead, who, in Habermas' view, was the first to reflect substantially on a model of the socially produced "I". Mead offers a theoretical basis for the development of a theory of human evolution that involves the process of individualization and socialization. Through the paradigm of mutual understanding, that is, the intersubjective relationship of individuals who are socialized through communication and mutual recognition, Mead allows for a change in the paradigm of self-consciousness, from the self-reference of a subject who acts in isolation to the individual who processes social exchanges through the language. Therefore, one of the major components of Mead's theory in which Habermas seeks a contribution for his theory of communicative action, is the process of constitution of the "I," the subject's identity. Mead believes that individualization is represented as a process that is linguistically the mediator of socialization and of the construction of a life story in which subjects are aware of themselves. It is this linguistic means, established between the subjects and their means of intra-subjective understanding and their life histories, that allows the formation of an identity of socialized subjects. It is the intersubjective recognition and intersubjectively mediated self-understanding that enables identity formation. This conceptual framework will be central to Habermas in his concept of the self post-conventional "I". (shrink)

En esta recensión, ofrezco un recorrido por los distintos ensayos que componen el libro "Pensar la experiencia: ensayos desde la conciencia, el cuerpo y el arte" en clave ética. Esta clave de lectura me permitirá afirmar en qué sentido la fenomenología es capaz de enriquecer la teoría ética normativa: 1) por un lado, enriqueciendo la noción de "experiencia moral"; 2) por el otro, complementando la perspectiva abstracta de aquélla a través de una fenomenología corporeizada.

The book collects contributions of different authors with diverging points of views, but it keeps a balance between acceptance and complete rejection of doping technologies, providing a rich analysis of one of the most controversial aspects of sports. The strength of the book lies in the variety of questions addressed under different ethics perspectives that affect the ethical evaluation of the phenomenon.Pieter Bonte and co-authors well identified the problem, putting the following question at the beginning of the first chapter: “Should (...) sport revolve around natural talent or should athletes be allowed to enhance their bodies with biotech?”The history of the “little help” given to athletes, or autonomously taken by them to improve their sporting or athletic performance, is as old as the history of sport. Even at the beginning, when the prize for the athlete consisted in his/her near divinization, the enhancements to help achieve this result were not judged negatively.The use of perform .. (shrink)