Este artigo investiga como o diálogo de Michel Foucault - em sua última fase - com Immanuel Kant, sobre a questão da Aufklärung, permite uma reavaliação da perspectiva do pensador francês sobre conceitos como poder, liberdade e autonomia. Propõe sumariamente que a divisão entre "ontologia do presente" e "ontologia de nós mesmos" seria similar à distinção realizada na Metafisica dos Costumes, entre Doutrina do Direito e Doutrina da Virtude.

The Afro-Brazilian connections between the coast of West Africa and Brazil date back to the transatlantic slave trade and the Muslim uprising in Bahia in 1933. After this major rebellion, many former slaves returned to West Africa bearing a large Brazilian cultural imprint consisting of architectural skills, culinary traditions, and song and dance. They also brought back Brazilian names and cosmopolitan outlooks. From Africa, enslaved Africans carried with them to Brazil philosophical and cosmological outlooks and indeed, culture generally. Some of (...) these cross-fertilizations are what are interrogated in this intellectual and cultural exchange. (shrink)

Nietzsche's philosophy unfolds, at all times, in denouncing that the schools and universities in Germany serve, mostly, to domesticate as a modern force in favor of the values administered by the State. Considering this horizon, this article investigates the analytical background of the Nietzschean critique of education (Ersiehung) of his time to show the necessary tension that human formation (Bildung) emerges in the framework of his philosophy as the cultivation of new values. For that, it will be necessary to show (...) that another level of discipline, at the same time cause and effect of a unique and proper formative experience, must be triggered as a creative power of and for other existential values. (shrink)

Curso de Geografia de Jean-Jacques Rousseau integra o X volume da edição de OEuvres complètes de Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Édition thématique du Tricentenaire, Slatkine/Honoré Champion (2012), subintitulado Escritos Científicos. Para esta tradução, além do texto consagrado na edição do tricentenário, também utilizamos a edição norte-americana dos textos de Rousseau organizada por Christopher Kelly, intitulada Autobiographical, scientific, religious, moral, and literary writings (2007). Preservamos, integralmente, as indispensáveis notas ao texto em língua francesa, que são de autoria de Christophe Van Staen.

The concept of corporal image includes how own body, taking into account their constituent parts, as well as the feelings related the those characteristics. The entrance in academica life provokes alterations in the feeding behavior, and the exposition to the new social environment they can bring as consequence an increase in dissatisfaction. Objective: To investigate the satisfaction with the body image and eating behavior of academics at a university center. Methods: For data collection, the following instruments were used. The evaluation (...) was performed with anthropometric measurements, as size and weight measurements. In order to diagnose the nutritional status, the body mass index was used. In order to evaluate the study variables; we used the Body Checking questionnaires Questionnaire. Male Body Checking Questionnaire, Body Shape Questionnaire and EAT-26. Results: According to the Body Mass Index, the female gender had a higher rate of adequacy (70.4%), in relation to the masculine (58,9%). The EAT-26 questionnaire showed that 85% of male engineering students presented risk for Feeding Disorders, in relation to the female psychology (89.8%). Conclusion: In terms of feeding behavior, the women scored higher than men, which suggests a higher susceptibility to Feeding Disorders development in men. (shrink)

This book symposium comprises a précis of Nuno Venturinha’s Description of Situations: An Essay in Contextualist Epistemology together with four critical commentaries on different aspects of the book by Marcelo Carvalho, João Vergílio Gallerani Cuter, Marcos Silva and Darlei Dall’Agnol, and the author’s replies.

O objetivo desse texto é apresentar uma reflexão sobre a filosofia enquanto práxis humana, na perspectiva da superação do preconceito de que a filosofia é uma atividade do pensamento, deslocada da vida e de suas relações com o contexto social, partindo do pressuposto de que a filosofia é uma reflexão, um conhecimento crítico da realidade. O foco de nossa reflexão destaca a pergunta filosófica como instrumento mobilizador da formação da consciência crítica do sujeito, como processo de criação e superação do (...) preconceito de que a filosofia é uma atividade para alguns iluminados. (shrink)

Despite the ubiquity of healthcare simulation and the humanities in medical education, the two domains of learning remain unintegrated. The stories suffused within healthcare simulation have thus remained unshaped by the developments of narrative medicine and the health humanities. Healthcare simulation, in turn, has yet to utilize concepts like co-construction and narrative competence to enrich learners’ understanding of patient experience alongside their clinical competencies. To create a conceptual bridge between these two fields (including narrative-based inquiry more broadly), we redescribe narrative (...) competence via Ronald Heifetz’s distinction of “technical” and “adaptive” challenges outlined in his adaptive leadership model. Heifetz, we argue, enriches learners’ self-understanding of the unique demands of cultivating narrative competence, which can be both elucidated on the page and tested within the charged yet supportive simulation environment. We introduce Co-constructive Patient Simulation (CCPS) to demonstrate how working with simulated patients can support narrative work by drawing on the clinical vicissitudes of learners in the formulation and enactment of case studies. The three movements of CCPS—resensing, retelling, and retooling—told through learner experiences, describe the affinities and divergences between narrative medicine’s sequence of attention, representation, and affiliation; Montello’s three forms of narrative competence (departure, performance, change), and Heifetz’s three steps (observe, interpret, and intervene) of adaptive leadership. (shrink)

The basic assumption present in these articles is that naturalism is highly compatible with a wide range of relevant philosophical questions and that, regardless of the classical problems faced by the naturalist, the price paid in endorsing naturalism is lower than that paid by essentialist or supernaturalist theories. Yet, the reader will find a variety of approaches, from naturalism in Moral Philosophy and Epistemology to naturalism in the Philosophy of Language, Philosophy of Mind and of the Aesthetics.

APLICAÇÃO DA ANÁLISE ECONÔMICA DO DIREITO AO NOVO MARCO REGULATÓRIO DO PRÉ-SAL.

A presente coletânea é resultado de cooperação de pesquisadores brasileiros e portugueses, envolvidos com a docência no ensino superior e a consequente formação continuada dos professores universitários. A frequência no ensino superior é vista como uma conquista social dos ideais democráticos modernos e teria trazido novos públicos aos bancos escolares, o que tornaria esse ensino uma realidade de maneira qualitativa distinta com a qual decisores políticos, gestores, professores e estudantes devem aprender a lidar. Essas preocupações pretenderam motivar e nortear os (...) temas abordados nesta obra. (shrink)

OLIVEIRA, Marcos Roberto Alves. O confronto entre Thomas Kuhn e Imre Lakatos sobre a Racionalidade Científica. São Luís, Editora UEMA, 2015. 160p.

Terms of service of on-line platforms too often contain clauses that are potentially unfair to the consumer. We present an experimental study where machine learning is employed to automatically detect such potentially unfair clauses. Results show that the proposed system could provide a valuable tool for lawyers and consumers alike.

This book explores the application of dynamical theory to cognitive science. Giunti shows how the dynamical approach can illuminate problems of cognition, information processing, consciousness, meaning, and the relation between body and mind.

In combating the ongoing global health threat of the COVID-19 pandemic, decision-makers have to take actions based on a multitude of relevant health data with severe potential consequences for the affected patients. Because of their presumed advantages in handling and analyzing vast amounts of data, computer systems of algorithmic decision-making are implemented and substitute humans in decision-making processes. In this study, we focus on a specific application of ADM in contrast to human decision-making, namely the allocation of COVID-19 vaccines to (...) the public. In particular, we elaborate on the role of trust and social group preference on the legitimacy of vaccine allocation. We conducted a survey with a 2 × 2 randomized factorial design among n = 1602 German respondents, in which we utilized distinct decision-making agents and prioritization of a specific social group as design factors. Our findings show that general trust in ADM systems and preference for vaccination of a specific social group influence the legitimacy of vaccine allocation. However, contrary to our expectations, trust in the agent making the decision did not moderate the link between social group preference and legitimacy. Moreover, the effect was also not moderated by the type of decision-maker. We conclude that trustworthy ADM systems must not necessarily lead to the legitimacy of ADM systems. (shrink)

This essay argues for the applicability and importance of the notion of the unconscious in Fichte’s Jena period, with a focus on the,second’ Wissenschaftslehre. The essay begins by arguing for the existence of a fundamental tension in Fichte’s philosophy: namely, between a,transcendence’ principle – that the conditions for consciousness cannot themselves be present within experience, since they ground that experience – and an,immanence’ principle that there is no genuine reality outside of consciousness. It is shown that this tension is particularly (...) evident if one observes some of the conflicting ways in which Fichte employs the notions of,intellektuelle Anschauung’ and,unmittelbares Bewusstsein.’ Fichte seems to violate the immanence principle especially insofar as he characterizes the conditions of the possibility of consciousness as a series of,actions,’ which, qua actions, must be,real’ in some sense: insofar as they are both real and not present to consciousness, it is argued, they must be unconscious. Although Fichte does not wholly embrace the notion of unconscious mental activity due to his adherence to the immanence principle, his conception of the,two series’ of the Wissenschaftslehre as well as some of his uses of the notion of,unmittelbares Bewusstsein’ in particular allow the recognition that Fichte has a rich but inchoate conception of the unconscious. (shrink)

En 65 años América Latina tuvo dos experiencias de desarrollo capitalista asociado con el centro del sistema mundo capitalista y al neoliberalismo, considerados exitosos hasta la crisis mundial de 2008. Según el FMI, el 40 por ciento de la riqueza financiera latinoamericana se perdió como consecuenc..

O texto busca apresentar a discussão em torno de Ciência e Dialética em Aristóteles, de Porchat.

The lockdown imposed in Italy to reduce the spread of COVID-19 posited unusual challenges to people practicing sports and physical activities. The rebooting of activities highlighted the need to cope with new behaviors and routines, such as wearing a face mask while exercising. We conducted a web-based survey in Italy at the start of physical activities’ rebooting, to investigate how people reacted to the new norms. Participants completed the questionnaires assessing insomnia, regulatory self-efficacy, optimism, mood states, and mental toughness. Age, (...) gender, and environment were assumed as design variables. Results showed that in outdoor activities, the younger females as compared to the older manifest less regulatory self-efficacy, while the younger males manifest more regulatory self-efficacy than the older. In indoor activities, a reversed pattern of regulatory-self-efficacy was observed. Regarding life orientation, younger participants showed less optimism and positive expectation for the future and seem to be more exposed to the unexpected effects of the restrictions: they showed more sleep disturbances, confusion, depression, anger, and fatigue and less vigor and mental toughness than older participants. An understanding of the psychological implications of the rebooting phase can support the enactment of more appropriate behaviors to practice sports and physical activities when living at the time of the coronavirus. (shrink)

Bridgmans Operationalismus stieß auf ernsthafte Schwierigkeiten, und diese Tatsache veranlasste viele Autoren, den Operationalismus per se abzulehnen. Agazzis Operationalismus, der in den späten 1960er Jahren entwickelt wurde, entging diesen Schwierigkeiten von Anfang an, aber das Festhalten an einem traditionellen Primat der Theorie gegenüber dem Experiment führte dazu, dass er einen Gegensatz zwischen Wissenschaft und Technik aufstellte, der mit dem allgemeinen operationalistischen Rahmen seiner Wissenschaftsphilosophie nicht vereinbar war. Später versuchte Agazzi, seinen Operationalismus kohärenter zu gestalten, indem er eine engere Beziehung zwischen (...) Wissenschaft und Technik anstrebte, d. h. eine vermittelnde Lösung, die sie als miteinander interagierend betrachtet. Um eine intermediäre Lösung kohärent zu verteidigen, reicht es jedoch nicht aus, eine bestimmte Gruppe von Eigenschaften zu finden, die der Wissenschaft, nicht aber der Technik zuzuordnen sind, oder umgekehrt. Vielmehr ist es notwendig, zwei unterschiedliche (aber auch komplementäre) Standpunkte zu spezifizieren, von denen aus Wissenschaft und Technik gleichzeitig, aber ohne Widerspruch, sowohl als begrifflich verschiedene als auch als ununterscheidbare historisch-empirische Realitäten erscheinen können: In einem Sinne ist die Wissenschaft von der Technik zu unterscheiden, aber im anderen Sinne fallen sie völlig zusammen. (shrink)

Quelle est la place de l’odorat dans la pensée de Jean-Jacques Rousseau? L’importance qu’il attribue à la dimension olfactive, tant dans les écrits théoriques ( Discours sur l’inégalité, Émile ) que dans les écrits autobiographiques et romanesques, le place en contre-tendance par rapport à la pensée des Lumières, caractérisée par une dévaluation gnoséologique et éthique de l’odorat. Rousseau est parmi les rares à saisir, dans un sens nouveau et très moderne, la signification philosophique de l’odorat, qu’il insère au cœur de (...) sa doctrine des facultés, pour expliquer la spécificité morale et sociale de l’être humain. Cet aspect ressort surtout dans le lien intime et privilégié que le nez entretient avec l’imagination. (shrink)

By using algebraic properties of (commutative unital) indecomposable polynomial rings we achieve results concerning their first-order theory, namely: interpretability of arithmetic and a uniform proof of undecidability of their full theory, both in the language of rings without parameters. This vastly extends the scope of a method due to Raphael Robinson, which deals with a restricted class of polynomial integral domains.

Global environmental problems, such as global warming, pollution, or deforestation, are critical issues that require a rapid and common response. In this context, companies play a decisive role in achieving environmental objectives through the ecological knowledge they can store and manage. In this context, the present research focuses its interest on analyzing how the set of green intangibles possessed by organizations, i.e., Green Intellectual Capital, affects their Green Performance. Specifically, the study shows how GP is influenced by GIC through the (...) mediating role of the Green Innovation variable. Therefore, the research questions to be answered by this study are as follows: Does GIC influence environmental performance? Does GI mediate the GIC-GP relationship? What actions can companies take to improve their GP? There are several reasons that have led us to carry out this research. First, there is little empirical evidence of the relationships proposed in this study. Second, to the best of our knowledge, there is no previous research that has contextualized the relationships raised in the wine industry, thus representing an advance in the comprehension of the constructs studied. Third, GIC represents an incipient field of study that needs to be developed and established within the literature linked to Intellectual Capital. In order to achieve the proposed objectives, data from a survey of 202 wineries in Spain were used and a quantitative approach was followed using Structural Equation Modeling. The results of the research indicate that there is a positive and significant relationship between GIC and GP. In addition, GI partially mediates the relationship between these two variables, playing a key role in the environmental management of wineries. The theoretical and practical contributions of the study improve the understanding of the relationships raised, being a pioneering study due to its contextualization in the wine industry, as well as providing a series of guidelines for both environmental managers and winemakers to improve their GP. (shrink)

One of the most important devices in the management and control of our global societies is the scenario-planning. In this regard, this paper analyses the impact that the massive use of these devices implies to our society. Specifically, it is used as an analytical approach the concepts of difference, différance and destituent power. These theoretical proposals, which have been regarded as important dimensions of resistance and liberation, paradoxically are relevant to understanding the operation of the scenario-planning. Therefore, this paper warns (...) of the need to try new forms-of-thought that allow us to overcome the danger of our best philosophy captured by new machines of control. Uno de los dispositivos más utilizados en la gestión y control de nuestras actuales sociedades globales son las técnicas de construcción de escenarios. En este sentido, el presente artículo analiza el impacto que la utilización masiva de estos dispositivos entraña para nuestra sociedad. Específicamente, se utilizará como enfoque analítico el concepto de diferencia de Deleuze, la différance de Derrida y lo destituyente en Agamben. Dichas propuestas teóricas, que permanentemente han sido consideradas como dimensiones de resistencia, subversión y liberación, se muestran paradójicamente pertinentes para comprender el funcionamiento de las técnicas de construcción de escenarios ficcionales. Por ende, el presente art&iacut e la necesidad de ensayar nuevas formas-de-pensamiento que nos permitan sortear el peligro de fagocitación de nuestra mejor filosofía por parte de nuevas maquinarias de control. (shrink)

El propósito de este documento es analizar el sentido de una de las tesis que Michel Foucault presentó en Historia de la locura, la locura como ausencia de obra, dado el reducido interés que ha generado la misma entre los principales comentaristas de su producción flosófca. Se afrma en el texto que los planteamientos de Kant y Nietzsche son claves en la comprensión de esta tesis, especialmente como crítica al modo hegeliano de aprehensión de la locura. Se concluye diciendo que (...) la ausencia de obra signifca en última instancia ausencia de tragedia, ausencia de transgresión. (shrink)

Desenvolveremos no trabalho apresentado os temas que julgamos necessários para uma maior compreensão da filosofia da religião de Henri Bergson. Focaremos, mais especificamente, o aspecto dinâmico desta filosofia e suas conseqüências éticas. Portanto, em um primeiro momento, trataremos os dois sentidos da palavra religião, para o filósofo francês, em um segundo momento, estudaremos o misticismo como forma dinâmica de religião e, por último, a relação existente entre religião dinâmica e a é tica sociedade aberta.