A Psicologia Comunitária pode ser defi nida como uma área da Psicologia Social da Libertação (Góis, 2005), voltada para a compreensão da atividade comunitária como atividade social significativa e consciente e para a compreensão dos seus reflexos nas dimensões objetivas e subjetivas. O presente arti..

Este artigo objetivou identificar, por meio de documentos e relatos de professores da Secretaria Municipal da Educação de Palmas, os indícios de prática criativa e inovadora no processo de formação continuada dos professores dos anos iniciais do ensino fundamental. Este trabalho caracteriza-se como abordagem qualitativa, com caráter exploratório. Os procedimentos técnicos adotados para a realização deste estudo incluem revisão bibliográfica, análise documental e pesquisa de campo. Muitos estudos vêm sendo realizados sobre a formação continuada de professores, sobretudo no que se (...) refere às práticas pedagógicas educacionais que os sistemas de ensino desenvolvem para efetivação dessa formação, haja vista que a sociedade contemporânea reivindica constantemente mudanças na prática educativa brasileira. Percebe-se que o professor criativo busca compreender as dificuldades, bem como suscita o desejo pelo desconhecido. Dessa forma, é fundamental que haja mudanças nas práticas metodológicas, que estas incorporem a criatividade no processo de ensinar, sendo imprescindível a percepção docente, que o conhecimento é um contínuo aprender. Na análise documental e nas entrevistas realizadas, ficou visível que a inovação ainda está relacionada às novas tecnologias, não que este fator não seja importante para mudanças nas práticas pedagógicas, porém, é fundamental que essa concepção vá além desse aspecto. Nesse contexto, deduz-se que são imprescindíveis práticas pedagógicas pautadas na dimensão global do sujeito. Essa ação requer disposição do educador no processo de ensino e aprendizagem que ultrapasse a forma linear e fragmentada de ensinar e aprender. Portanto, ao investigar as experiências pessoais e educacionais de professores, buscou-se evidenciar a memória e a subjetividade desses sujeitos, no sentido de desvelar possibilidades de ações criativas e inovadoras no processo educacional. Palavras-chave: Memória de professores. Inovação e criatividade nas práticas pedagógicas. Formação continuada. História oral. (shrink)

BackgroundOrgan transplantation represents the most effective and acceptable therapy for end-stage organ failure. However, its frequent practice often leads to a shortage of organs worldwide. To solve this dilemma, some countries, such as Portugal, have switched from an opt-in to an opt-out system, which has raised concerns about respect for individual autonomy. We aimed to evaluate whether young university students are aware of this opt-out system so that they can make informed, autonomous and conscious decisions, as well as to identify (...) the factors that determine a positive attitude toward post-mortem organ donation.MethodsAn observational, cross-sectional study was developed and a questionnaire was administered to first-year students from six faculties of the University of Porto.ResultsOf the 841 participants, 60% were unaware that Portugal had adopted an opt-out system. Among the informed individuals, their main sources of information included social media, internet, and family. Furthermore, only 48% of all participants agreed with the current opt-out system. Female sex (p = 0.049; OR 1.393), knowledge of the law (p < 0.001; OR 4.749) and family being the primary source of information (p < 0.001; OR 2.855) were independent factors associated with a positive attitude toward post-mortem organ donation law.ConclusionsThere is a significant lack of knowledge among young university students regarding the presumed post-mortem organ donation law and how it works. Female sex, having family as a primary source of information and being aware of the presumed post-mortem organ donation law are the strongest independent factors that determine a positive attitude toward the opt-out system. (shrink)

Esta é uma pesquisa sobre representação temática de folhetos de cordel, utilizando a o Percurso Gerativo de Sentido e seus processos. O objetivo geral é propor a aplicação da análise de assunto - leitura técnica e extração de conceitos - em cordéis de J. Borges, com base nos procedimentos semânticos de tematização e figurativização do percurso gerativo de sentido. Trata-se de uma pesquisa do tipo documental com abordagem qualitativa, tendo como lócus, o Memorial J. Borges. O corpus da pesquisa foi (...) constituído por 10 títulos de cordéis, dos 48 títulos disponíveis no Memorial, tendo como critério de escolha, as obras mais citadas de J. Borges, nos diferentes meios de comunicação. A análise dos cordéis escolhidos foi realizada da seguinte forma: a) leitura integral dos cordéis; b) identificação das figuras; c) reprodução da sextilha, setilha ou décima onde a figura foi identificada, no quadro referente à obra; d) enquadramento da figura ao tema pertinente. Os resultados apontam que a utilização dos procedimentos de tematização e figurativização do percurso gerativo de sentido em conjunto com a análise de assunto, possibilitou resultados satisfatórios nas ações de leitura técnica e extração de conceitos que, por sua vez, trará eficiência e qualidade no processo da representação temática. (shrink)

Background : An enhancement in recall of simple instructions is found when actions are performed in comparison to when they are verbally presented – the subject-performed task effect. This enhancement has also been found with older adults. However, the reason why older adults, known to present a deficit in episodic memory, have a better performance for this type of information remains unclear. In this article, we explored this effect by comparing the performance on the SPT task with the performance on (...) other tasks, in order to understand the underlying mechanisms that may explain this effect. Objective : We hypothesized that both young and older adult groups should show higher recall in SPT compared with the verbal learning condition, and that the differences between age groups should be lower in the SPT condition. We aimed to explore the correlations between these tasks and known neuropsychological tests, and we also measured source memory for the encoding condition. Design : A mixed design was used with 30 healthy older adults, comparing their performance with 30 healthy younger adults. Each participant was asked to perform 16 simple instructions and to only read the other 16 instructions. The test phase included a free recall task. Participants were also tested with a set of neuropsychological measures. Results : The SPT effect was found for both age groups; but even for SPT materials, group differences in recall persisted. Source memory was found to be preserved for the two groups. Simple correlations suggested differences in correlates of SPT performance between the two groups. However, when controlling for age, the SPT and VT tasks correlate with each other, and a measure of episodic memory correlated moderately with both SPT and VT performance. Conclusions : A strong effect of SPT was observed for all but one, which still displayed the expected aging deficit. The correlations and source memory data suggest that the SPT and VT are possibly related in respect to their underlying processes, and SPT, instead of being an isolated process, is in connection with both the episodic memory and executive function processes. Under these circumstances, the SPT seems to contribute to an enhancement of the episodic memory trace, presumably from the multimodality it provides, without involving a separated set of cognitive mechanisms. Future research using more pure measures of other cognitive processes that could be related to SPT is necessary. Keywords : aging; subject performed task; memory for actions; episodic memory Responsible Editor: Mathieu Hainselin, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, France. (shrink)

Of all the thinkers of the century of genius that inaugurated modern philosophy, none lived an intellectual life more rich and varied than Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz. Maria Rosa Antognazza's pioneering biography provides a unified portrait of this unique thinker and the world from which he came. At the centre of the huge range of Leibniz's apparently miscellaneous endeavours, Antognazza reveals a single master project lending unity to his extraordinarily multifaceted life's work. Throughout the vicissitudes of his long life, Leibniz (...) tenaciously pursued the dream of a systematic reform and advancement of all the sciences. As well as tracing the threads of continuity that bound these theoretical and practical activities to this all-embracing plan, this illuminating study also traces these threads back into the intellectual traditions of the Holy Roman Empire in which Leibniz lived and throughout the broader intellectual networks that linked him to patrons in countries as distant as Russia and to correspondents as far afield as China. (shrink)

Phronesis is essential for good decision‐making and actions. This literature review shows how phronesis has been discussed and related to elements of the field of administration and organizations. A search in the database systems Scopus, EBSCO, Web of Science, and Scielo, based on eligibility criteria, resulted in 43 theoretical and 14 empirical works. The analysis of these studies showed the most significant empirical contributions, the most cited authors, methods, journals, and central themes addressed in studies on phronesis to understand ethics (...) in business. From a virtue ethics perspective, we discuss the major theoretical and empirical contributions, as well as the implications of a restricted understanding of phronesis when it is treated apart from other elements of the virtue ethics framework. We present a synthesis of the concepts of phronesis, based on dimensions of magnitude and amplitude of the conceptions, ranging from formal to substantive phronesis, and covering individual, organizational, or societal levels of analysis. We argue that a substantive conception of phronesis within virtue ethics may improve our understanding of ethics because it assumes the interdependence of phronesis and moral virtues, integral anthropology, and the common good. We present a future research agenda, considering the study's limitations and findings. (shrink)

The Author presents the theoretical framework of this «Governare lapaura»’ issue on the Fear of Secession. Starting from the recent cases of the Brexit and the Catalonian referendum, the main goal of this issue is reflecting on the relationship between the political crisis of unitary State and the revival of secession.

Richard Kearney’s new book, Touch: Recovering Our Most Vital Sense, has come as a way of illustrating the paradoxes of our times, most deeply felt as a result of the Covid-19 pandemic. Have a look...

Decisions where there is not enough information for a well-informed decision due to unidentified consequences, options, or undetermined demarcation of the decision problem are called decisions under great uncertainty. This paper argues that public policy decisions on _how_ and _if_ to implement decision-making processes based on machine learning and AI for public use are such decisions. Decisions on public policy on AI are uncertain due to three features specific to the current landscape of AI, namely (i) the vagueness of the (...) definition of AI, (ii) uncertain outcomes of AI implementations and (iii) pacing problems. Given that many potential applications of AI in the public sector concern functions central to the public sphere, decisions on the implementation of such applications are particularly sensitive. Therefore, it is suggested that public policy-makers and decision-makers in the public sector can adopt strategies from the argumentative approach in decision theory to mitigate the established great uncertainty. In particular, the notions of framing and temporal strategies are considered. (shrink)

El artículo presenta resultados de una investigación doctoral en género centrada en la experiencia de mujeres argentinas con las Técnicas de Reproducción Humana Asistida (TRHA). En Argentina, la ley que regula el acceso a las TRHA garantiza el acceso a una diversidad de personas usuarias que no siempre parten de un diagnóstico de infertilidad. Se propone como objetivo principal conocer las diversas relaciones de las usuarias de TRHA con la tecnología reproductiva. Desde una perspectiva feminista, se trabaja con el análisis (...) cualitativo de relatos de usuarias de TRHA, mediante su codificación. Como resultados se identifican dos grandes categorías: “relatos de reparación”, donde la decisión de usar las TRHA se vincula a la noción de infertilidad; y los “relatos de simultaneidad”, donde la tecnología reproductiva aparece posibilitando una decisión reproductiva. Estas reflexiones constituyen un aporte para pensar las tecnologías desde las propias experiencias de las usuarias, así como las tensiones en la construcción de la autonomía reproductiva. (shrink)

João Duns Escoto pode contar-se entre os continuadores de Anselmo, uma vez que acolheu favoravelmente o argumento do Proslogion, ainda que na sua singular interpretação. Mas, aquém e para além deste aspecto pontual de continuidade, há aspectos de afinidade estrutural de pensamento a estreitar os laços de razão entre os dois filósofos. Estes aspectos de mais profunda proximidade não têm que ser explicados exclusivamente por uma influência directa do legado de Anselmo no pensamento de Duns Escoto, mas acusam, a nosso (...) ver, algo como uma família de pensamento ou de espírito, ou uma orientação filosófica de fundo, capaz de atravessar os séculos e de incluir as singularidades dos diversos pensadores que nela vão tomando parte. Entre esses laços de razão, há uma afinidade fundamental ao nível da partilha de um mesmo princípio metafísico, que estrutura o pensamento quer do Doutor Magnífico quer do Doutor Subtil. Trata-se do princípio da irreflexividade das relações essenciais do ente, que Duns Escoto enuncia, como prima conclusio, no início da sua análise comparativa das ordens essenciais do ente, no Tractatus de Primo Principio. Duns Escoto assume de Agostinho a inspiração deste princípio, mas é na metafísica de Anselmo que aquele revela a força de um princípio estruturante, antes mesmo de expandir o seu alcance na metafísica escotista. O nosso propósito, neste estudo, é analisar alguns aspectos do percurso daquele princípio metafísico através do pensamento de Agostinho, do de Anselmo e do de Duns Escoto, permitindo agregar os três pensadores numa mesma família de espírito ou orientação filosófica de fundo. (shrink)

RESUMEN El artículo analiza el experimento de A. Pennycook et al., a fin de ampliar el alcance de sus hipótesis y las estrategias para contrastarlas, de modo que contemplen no solo factores cognitivos, sino también aspectos pragmáticos y contextuales implicados en la receptividad al bullshit. Se utiliza el experimento como ejemplo de las asunciones normativas implícitas en las investigaciones descriptivas de psicología y filosofía experimental, ya que, al contrastar hipótesis sobre las intuiciones filosóficas de sentido común, los investigadores parten de (...) supuestos axiológicos sobre la corrección de las respuestas y la fiabilidad de los procesos cognitivos implicados. ABSTRACT The article analyzes the experiment carried out by A. Pennycook et al., in order to expand the scope of its hypotheses and the strategies to contrast them, in such a way that, beyond cognitive contexts, they also take into account the pragmatic and contextual aspects involved in bullshit receptivity. The experiment is used as an example of the normative assumptions implicit in the descriptive research projects of experimental psychology and philosophy, given that when researchers contrast hypotheses regarding common sense philosophical intuitions, they start out from axiological assumptions with respect to the correction of answers and the reliability of the cognitive process involved. (shrink)

This article explores the concept of “excessive contingency” through an analysis of the Situationist International’s practice of the dérive and Jean-Luc Nancy’s philosophy of exposition. It argues that contingency, rooted in our fundamental being-with-others, exceeds traditional subject-object divisions. In line with Improvisation Studies scholars Dan DiPiero and Alessandro Bertinetto, Situationist dérive is examined as a “deliberate” engagement with urban contingency that subverts functionalist approaches to space. Nancy’s ontology of exposition further illuminates how contingency is integral to our relational existence. By (...) bringing these perspectives together, the article develops an expanded understanding of contingency as fundamentally tied to our exposition to and entanglement with the world. This “excessive contingency” moves beyond binary oppositions to reveal the inherently relational and open-ended nature of experience. The analysis offers new insights into urban practices, social relations, and the ontological significance of contingency, proposing a reimagining of our relationship to urban spaces, others, and the unfolding of contingent experience itself. (shrink)

Razón, poesía, historia.--La cuestión del estoicismo español.--El querer.

The role of demographic terminology in the fields of medicine and public health is critical in the identification and allocation of resources to the communities that most benefit from intervention...

This article discusses pragmatic aspects of our interpretation of intensional constructions like questions and prepositional attitude reports. In the first part, it argues that our evaluation of these constructions may vary relative to the identification methods operative in the context of use. This insight is then given a precise formalization in a possible world semantics. In the second part, an account of actual evaluations of questions and attitudes is proposed in the framework of bi-directional optimality theory. Pragmatic meaning selections are (...) explained as the result of specific rankings of potentially conflicting generation and interpretation constraints. (shrink)

En este trabajo critico la interpretación moralizada de la obligación política en Hobbes que defiende Luciano Venezia. Exploro una lectura diferente que evita una dicotomía tajante entre las razones prudenciales y las razones morales y subraya en cambio la discontinuidad entre la normatividad subjetiva de la ley natural y la normatividad objetiva de la ley positiva. Sostengo que el contrato de sujeción política establece obligaciones objetivas recién cuando el soberano exige el cumplimiento de los contratos. La obligación política es entonces (...) una forma de obligación jurídica. Además, enfatizo que la comunidad moral de Hobbes solo es posible dentro del Estado. In this paper, I criticize Luciano Venezia's moralized interpretation of the Hobbesian concept of political obligation. I explore a different reading that avoids a clear-cut dichotomy between prudential and moral reasons and underscores instead the discontinuity between natural law's subjective normativity and civil law's objective normativity. I contend that the pact of political subjection establishes objective obligations only when the sovereign requires the fulfillment of contracts. Political obligation is then a form of legal obligation. In addition, I emphasize that Hobbes's moral community is only possible within the State. (shrink)

Equimetrical translation of verse, which conveys the metre of the source text, should be distinguished from equiprosodic translation of verse, which conveys theversification system of the source text. Equiprosodic translation of verse can rely on the possibilities of natural language (for instance, when presumably Publius Baebius Italicus created the Ilias Latina, he made use of the quantitative structure in Latin), but it can also employ an artificial system (cf., for example, the quantitative verse in Church Slavonic or English). The Estonian (...) language makes it possible to convey the syllabic (based on the number of syllables), accentual (based on the number and configuration of accents) and quantitative (based on the configuration of durations) versification systems. In practice, combined types are most frequent, for instance, the ones in which both the syllable count and the configuration of accents is relevant; in Estonian, versification systems with theparticipation of all three principles are possible as well. Despite the contrast of quantity in Estonian, the transmission of the quantitative structure of ancient metrics still involves a number of difficulties which result from differences in the prosodic structures. The transmission of purely syllabic versification system has also been problematic: it is hard to perceive such structure as verse in Estonian and therefore it has often been conveyed with the help of different syllabic-accentual or accentual-syllabic verse metres. Although equiprosodic translation is not necessarily equimetrical, in actual translation practice it usually is so. (shrink)

Using the scope of justice perspective (Deutsch in J Soc Issues 31(3):137–149, 1975 ; Opotow in Conflict, cooperation, and justice: essays inspired by the work of Morton Deutsch, 1995 , J Soc Issues 52:19–24, 1996 ), we examined whether and how the relationship between perceived discrimination against minorities at work (i.e., racial minorities and females) and citizenship behavior toward minorities can be modified by personal value for diversity. Based on a survey of 173 employees, unexpectedly, we found a negative relationship (...) between perceived discrimination against minorities at work and citizenship behavior toward minorities. However, consistent with our expectations and the scope of justice, we found that the negative relationship was attenuated for those high in personal value for diversity. (shrink)

Free Download from Teseo Press Link Book in Spanish Este libro está dirigido a investigadores interesados en la influencia que ejerce la cultura de una empresa sobre el comportamiento ético de sus integrantes y en la conformación de la empresa como un agente moral. El fenómeno de la mentalidad compartida en una organización es estudiado bajo diversas disciplinas, partiendo de una larga experiencia de “entrenamiento ético” llevada a cabo por la autora en empresas multinacionales. Esta investigación presenta a la comunidad (...) académica un método de intervención organizacional orientado a desarrollar una conciencia ética compartida. El método heurístico propuesto busca revelar a los propios integrantes de la organización la trama de significados que ordena sus interacciones. Mediante dibujos y metáforas colectivas explora la construcción de sentido que los grupos sostienen de forma compartida a un nivel pre-racional y que influye en el carácter ético de sus decisiones personales. Este estudio aborda a la empresa como un ente causado por la convergencia de valores y reglas en el que sus integrantes pueden realizar cambios personales y aprendizajes colectivos. (shrink)

First the rationalist tradition and then the cognitive revolution put limits on the philosophy and social sciences with regard to the analysis of emotion, of irrationality in mental events and actions, to the reduction of our representations to conceptual elements, and so on. This fact caused an increasing interest in these topics. In this paper, we intend to claim the significant relations among these three issues: emotion, selfdeception and non-conceptual content, with two aims: i) to analyse the relation between non-conceptual (...) content of emotion and the phenomenon of self-deception; and ii) to explain how self-deception canbe overcome by the conceptualization of some non-conceptual elements of emotion. (shrink)

Este artigo é parte de uma pesquisa de Mestrado em Ciências Ambientais que investigou “A relação mulher-natureza na Comunidade Remanescente do Quilombo de Fojo, Itacaré – BA”, através da abordagem descritiva e análise quantitativa e qualitativa de dados, buscando aprofundamento teórico para tratar de relações de gênero, gênero e meio ambiente e a importância do papel da mulher na organização cotidiana das comunidades tradicionais, inclusive de remanescentes de quilombos. Os sujeitos da pesquisa foram mulheres e homens da Comunidade de Fojo (...) que decidiram pela participação, utilizando entrevistas semiestruturadas, observação direta e sistemática e conversas informais, em profundidade, realizadas entre 2014-2015. O recorte aqui apresentado tem por objetivo discutir o papel da mulher na comunidade do quilombo de Fojo e sua relação com a natureza. Os resultados indicam relações desiguais entre homens e mulheres na comunidade, às mulheres têm sido designado papel/posição, modos de cuidar da família, ficam responsáveis em “trazer harmonia e paz para o lar”, “cuidar e ser dona de casa”, cabendo a elas a área pertencente a do privado – a casa, alguns serviços na roça e a participação na igreja evangélica, deixando a tradição esquecida. A relação mulher-natureza, ao que parece, indica práticas agrícolas equivocadas e, ao que tudo indica, o conhecimento dos moradores sobre a agricultura ainda é tímido, demonstram fragilidades de técnicas empregadas, falta recursos à implementação de ferramentas adequadas, ausência de assistência técnica especializada e conhecimentos por parte dos produtores de técnicas básicas de produção. Palavras-chave: Relação Mulher-Natureza. Mulher Quilombola. Sustentabilidade. (shrink)

A través del presente trabajo se aborda el papel de la musicoterapia en la enfermedad de alzheimer (EA) desde el ámbito del trabajo social. Para ello, se lleva a cabo una revisión bibliográfica y se identifican conceptos claves como musicoterapia, EA e intervención del trabajo social. La información recogida lleva a considerar la musicoterapia como tratamiento coadyuvante en la enfermedad de Alzheimer a través de áreas como la integración social, la autoestima, la comunicación o la reducción del estrés. Por ello, (...) se concluye que la estimulación musical mejora la calidad de vida en pacientes con EA. (shrink)

We empirically test the hypothesis that a major in economics, management, business administration or accounting (for simplicity referred to as Business/economics) leads to more-conservative (right-wing) political views. We use a panel dataset of individuals (repeated observations for the same individuals over time) living in the Netherlands, drawing data from the Longitudinal Internet Studies for the Social Sciences from 2008 through 2013. Our results show that when using a simple fixed effects model, which fully controls for individuals’ time-invariant traits, any statistically (...) and quantitatively significant effect of a major in Business/economics on the Political Ideology of these individuals disappears. We posit that, at least in our sample, there is no evidence for a causal effect of a major in Business/economics on individuals’ Political Ideology. (shrink)

Many philosophical counselors seem to be counselors who use or point to phil­osophical texts or use abstract indeed logical or rational methods when working with a client. I want to introduce the idea of a counseling philosopher, who uses the client’s own concrete experiences as the basis for philosophizing with the client about the nature of the client’s dilemma - using ‘the between’ (Buber) as that special creative space where one em­ploys the art of philosophizing to the unique situation. Otherwise, (...) the particularity of that client gets subsumed under theory or methods, much like what has happened in psychology and which gave rise to Achenbach’s criticisms of psychology/psychiatry. The dialogical of which Buber and Friedman speak is the give and take between client and counseling philosopher of understanding and expanding perceptions confirmed through the actual relationship. Philosophy as an art (and not a method) helps us restore the trust Buber talks about which allows us to engage the world directly and not through categories of thought grounded in psychological or philosophical texts and theories. (shrink)

While dreaming amputees often experience a normal body image and the phantom limb may not be present. However, dreaming experiences in amputees have mainly been collected by questionnaires. We analysed the dream reports of amputated patients with phantom limb collected after awakening from REM sleep during overnight videopolysomnography . Six amputated patients underwent overnight VPSG study. Patients were awakened during REM sleep and asked to report their dreams. Three patients were able to deliver an account of a dream. In all (...) dreaming recalls, patients reported that the amputated limbs were intact and completely functional and they no longer experienced phantom limb sensations. Phantom limb experiences, that during wake result from a conflict between a pre-existing body scheme and the sensory information on the missing limb, were suppressed during sleep in our patients in favour of the image of an intact body accessed during dream. (shrink)

Este trabajo aborda la fenomenología de Merleau-Ponty y su interpretación de los aspectos más significativos del pensamiento de Husserl. Su temprana concepción de la fenomenología como «estilo» la desarrolló ampliamente como una fenomenología de la percepción, del lenguaje y del cuerpo en su inherencia en el mundo. Más tarde, las implicaciones del campo fenomenológico le condujeron a una nueva ontología «indirecta» que constituye una clave principal para entender su última posición filosófica. «La carne del mundo» no se limita a designar (...) una ontología regional, sino que es un elemento del Ser, en el sentido de la capa última de realidad que abarca al hombre y al mundo. (shrink)