This article is proposed to broaden the historiographic horizons of the participation of underling groups in the historical processes of New Granada. This paper makes part of a research project intended to report the actions carried out by the plebs of Santa Fe de Bogota at the dawn of independence. This project is aimed at revealing the cotidianity of those subjects invisibilized by official history, like the indigenous, mestizo, mulatto, African-American and poor people; the mass or the plebs, as they (...) have been labeled. This submission reconstructs the actions, interests and daily life of slave women in the context of independence. (shrink)

The political phenomenon that covered the period between 1958 and 1974 was known as the National Front. From the context of conceptual references related to this period, we will work on the concept of “hegemony”, which will be addressed based on Antonio Gramsci’s category. This paper aims to unravel the different political interests during a time of national unity that prevailed since the two-party system was established. Our general goal is to contribute to the discussion and analysis of our political (...) culture from a historical perspective, mostly of the student community, which, once inserted in the country’s reality, can take a stand regarding political events, thereby stopping dominance and hegemony based on National Unity agreements from becoming new totalitarian forms of “democracy”. (shrink)

The purpose of this paper is to propose a satisfying model-theoretic account of the notions of singularity, collective plurality, and distributive plurality expressed by both the nouns and the verbs of Papago according to Mathiot (1983). The approach will be algebraic in the sense of Link (1983). Informally, our proposal is that while English has only one form of plurality, Papago has two: one based on identity and the other on equivalence. The identity-based plural is one that Papago shares with (...) English and other Indo-European languages; the equivalence-based plural, on the other hand, is characteristic of Papago and other Native American languages. The extreme elaboration of the notion of multiplicity expressed in Papago follows from this proposal, given sufficiently rich models and independently motivated principles governing the semantics of roots (Wackernagel 1920; Ojeda 1993; Eschenbach 1993), markedness (Jakobson 1957), and verbs (Davidson 1967; Parsons 1990). (shrink)

Today’s medical ethics involve two different viewpoints based on how we understand the role of conscience in medicine and the purpose of healthcare. The first view, called the health-directed model, sees medicine as a way to improve health and promote healing, while also respecting the values of both patients and doctors. In this model, doctors need some discretionary space to decide how to achieve the best health outcomes in their practice. On the other hand, the service-provider model sees the main (...) goal of medicine as providing a service, especially healthcare, with a strong focus on protecting patient autonomy. In this view, doctors are required to provide care even when it goes against their personal beliefs. The goal of this article is to explore the foundations and arguments of these two medical models. Understanding the key ideas behind these models is important for deciding whether to support or oppose conscientious objection in medical ethics. Additionally, the article aims to figure out which model makes a stronger case and to offer advice on how to engage with the opposing view from a virtue ethics perspective. (shrink)

En la Edad Moderna numerosos exiliados llegaron hasta la Corte de la Monarquía Hispánica en búsqueda de auxilio y refugio bajo el poder imperial de los Austrias. Uno de ellos fue Muley Hamet (Mawlāy Aḥmad), un príncipe jarife de la dinastía saʿdī de Marruecos, con aspiraciones de conseguir el amparo de Felipe IV para recuperar su legitimidad como heredero al trono de Fez. El análisis de la documentación burocrática que generó su incómoda presencia en Getafe, entre 1648 y 1649, servirá (...) en el presente artículo no solo para esclarecer esta enturbiada figura principesca entre otras de la época, sino también para reflexionar sobre los mecanismos de recepción de extranjeros en la corona castellana ante sujetos cuya confesión difería del catolicismo. (shrink)

En contraste a los efectos positivos del capital social, diversos autores llaman la atención sobre su “lado oscuro”. En este artículo exploramos una de sus manifestaciones. Proponemos que el capital social puede ser utilizado por políticos en relaciones clientelares para coaccionar a los ciudadanos, condicionando la continuidad de estas relaciones si los ciudadanos utilizan mecanismos de control social para sancionarlos. Proponemos entonces que el capital social puede limitar el ejercicio del control social. Luego de realizar distinciones analíticas sobre el capital (...) social, analizamos la relación entre ciudadanos y políticos desde la teoría principal-agente y para explicar la asimetría de poder entre ambos, utilizamos la teoría del intercambio disputadoformulada por la economía política radical. La tesis central es que tal como el capital favorece la dominación de los obreros en los mercados de trabajo capitalistas, el capital social puede favorecer la dominación de los ciudadanos en las relaciones clientelares. (shrink)

While it represents a common form of gender-based violence, misogyny is an often-overlooked concept within academia and the queer community. Drawing on queer and feminist scholarship on gay male misogyny, this article presents a theoretical challenge to the myth that the oppressed cannot oppress, arguing that specific forms of gay male subjectivities can be proponents of misogyny in ways that are unrecognised because of their sexually marginalised status. The authors’ interest in the doing of misogyny, and its effects on specific (...) bodies and subjectivities, leads them to discuss the extent to which white gay male misogyny can function to reinforce a particular gender and racial hierarchy that continually confines queer femininities to the status of the abject other, for failing to exhibit their feminine credentials and for making gender trouble. The study also addresses how specific markers of femininity are depoliticised through the workings of this misogyny, exploring what femininity does when it is conceptualised outside a heteronormative framework. To address these ideas, the authors firstly propose a theoretical account of misogyny in order to understand its analytical status as a cultural mechanism within the psychic economy of patriarchy. Secondly, they use queer approaches to effeminacy and subject formation for making the case for gay male misogyny and its connections to femininity within white gay cultures, asking how misogyny might become an essential component of the performance of hegemonic masculinity. The article concludes with a discussion of the ways in which gay male misogyny reinforces white male dominance over women and queer femininities specifically, advocating for resistance to the reproduction of such patriarchal arrangements. (shrink)

The aim is to show that study objects that address social problems , should be analysed with a consistent method to it complexity, i.e. critical dialectical, because it not only explains the problem, but transforms the current conditions with the intention of enhancing its constituent elements. The first section shows the onto-epistemological and teleological assumptions of the study object, the second the explanation of an epistemic matrix that displays the location of the problem, thus establishing the right process for its (...) approach. Se trata de mostrar que los objetos de estudio que aborden problemas sociales , deben ser analizados con un método consecuente a la complejidad del mismo, siendo éste la dialéctica-crítica, puesto que no se trata solamente de explicar el problema, sino de transformar las condiciones existentes con una intencionalidad potenciadora de los elementos que lo constituyen. Para ello se recurre, en un primer momento, a la explicación de los supuestos onto-epistemológicos y teleológicos del objeto de estudio, y en un segundo momento, a la explicación de una matriz epistémica que permite visualizar la ubicación del problema, estableciendo en consecuencia, el proceso adecuado para su abordaje. (shrink)

El término Teodicea fue acuñado por Leibniz a comienzos de la Ilustración y recoge desde entonces los intentos teístas de justificar su idea de un Dios interesado en el mundo, omnipotente y bueno con la realidad tozuda e innegable del mal. Esa justificación se nos revela hoy como necesariamente etiológica, aunque no por ello menos fructífera o relevante para nuestro propio predicamento. El presente trabajo pretende mostrar muy someramente las condiciones socioculturales que se revelan en las etiologías más destacadas posteriores (...) a Leibniz y sus paralelismos con nuestra situación presente. A partir de esos paralelismos se apuntarán los posibles rasgos de una Teodicea actual desde los supuestos de la filosofía analítica y la teología filosófica, centrada en los diferentes tipos de mal y una comprensión de las características del mundo y de la mente que apunten a posibles soluciones. (shrink)

Renaissance utopias belong to a period when Modernity was being built within political thinking, which turns them into a nexus between classical antiquity and the Enlightment, thereby preserving for posterity a series of critical issues, such as democracy, a radical version of natural law or the need for distribution of goods. Christian humanism is also present and, together with Plato’s concept of justice, it enables these utopias to set a different course from that followed by other Renaissance political theory options, (...) founded either on political realism (Machiavelli) or on jus naturale as a justification of an authoritarian state (Bodin). Thus utopia spreads its wings not only announcing Modernity but also the 20th century socialist horizon. (shrink)

En este trabajo se pretende abordar la historia del arte según Arthur Danto, partiremos de la distinción entre los tres distintos periodos históricos que postula, el primero de ellos lo ubicaré bajo el nombre del Periodo Prehistórico del arte, el segundo como el Periodo Histórico y finalmente el periodo Posthistórico. Cada uno será explicado de manera tal que no exista ambigüedad entre ellos, todo esto con la finalidad de esclarecer aún más la concepción que tiene Danto sobre la historia del (...) arte y poder abordar en el tercer capítulo lo que nos atañe con respecto a su tesis sobre el fin del arte. Se podrá realizar un contraste entre lo propuesto por Shinner frente Danto y resaltar la pertinencia del segundo autor partiendo del periodo Posthistórico como el que define lo acontecido en el arte contemporáneo y el fin del arte. Shinner es capaz de tejer históricamente lo que acontece con el concepto arte y sus problemáticas hasta su configuración moderna de bellas artes, después, continúa relatando sin añadir la problemática con respecto a las producciones del siglo XIX y XX, sólo nos dice que cambian las producciones, más no que el concepto lo hace con ellas. Por lo tanto, se ve la necesidad de explicar el cambio en el concepto, recurriendo a la crítica de Danto y la propuesta de un nuevo concepto capaz de incluir en su definición todo lo es una obra de arte y lo que esté en posibilidad de ser una. Lo que está en posibilidad habita en el reino prehistórico y posthistórico del arte. (shrink)

Adolescence is a vital stage in a person´s development, stressful events within the most significant subsystems at this stage can lead to anxious-depressive symptomatology. The objective of this study was to design a socio-emotional narrative intervention program in order to decrease anxious-depressive symptoms in adolescents. We seek to strengthen emotional intelligence skills, such as: emotional awareness, self-image, self-concept, self-esteem and self-regulation. The research was quasi-experimental, pretest-post-test was carried out with control group and transverse temporality. The research approach was mixed. The (...) sample consisted of 80 women aged 13 to 15. Quantitative results showed a statistically significant difference in experimental group with medium effect for anxiety and small for depression as well as medium and high in the self-image. A qualitive analysis of the verbal and pictographic productions was carried out. It is important to continue proving the effectiveness of this socio-emotional narrative intervention to decrease anxious and depressive symptomatology in adolescents. (shrink)

La conciencia de un sujeto es condensación de la conciencia social del momento histórico de su constitución. La conciencia se forma con referentes de diversos modos de apropiación de lo real que se convierten en condición de incorporación de nuevos referentes, los cuales son traducidos a su lógica d..

La sensación de que habitamos un período de crisis, apertura una conciencia nueva, de fluctuaciones múltiples entre pasado y presente y entre dos paradigmas sociales, ante una noción de simultaneidad que ha inaugurado el debate entre lo moderno y lo posmoderno. En este contexto, evaluar la vigencia ..

Even though the concept of sustainability emerged from a reality-life emergency, its discourse seems diverse, built even on different onto-gnoseological and teleological assupmtions. This is mainly due to the different perceptions of life held by individuals, as well as to the hegemonic class interests. Then, derived from this different perceptions of life and interests, has been the behavior of human beings on the Earth; sometimes in accordance to it, but many others in outright aggression to it. And if life’s way (...) shows life itself, it can be changed, even collapsed by the anthropic hegemonic actions that take place in the planet. It is therefore important to reflect on the categorical and conceptual frameworks that underlie discourse, in order to build a way of thinking that includes all formas of life, that enhances the eco-existentiality of the individual and its community for the enrichment of all. (shrink)

En esta comunicación se tratará un fenómeno creciente, la migración, desde la óptica de Seyla Benhabib, pensadora turca de nacionalidad estadounidense. La preocupación de esta pensadora es evidenciar los problemas y paradojas que existen en el seno de los estados nacionales con respecto, precisamente, a la condición que experimentan los inmigrantes. Es por ello que la autora apuesta por la membresía política, un sugerente concepto con que Benhabib dilucida uno de los grandes temas políticos y filosóficos de nuestro tiempo. El (...) dilema es precisamente éste: ¿Cómo apelar a derechos universales y a la vez sostener una identidad nacional en un Estado democrático, soberano? Como veremos, la teoría de Benhabib es un intento muy bien logrado de responder a estas preguntas aunque, como suele suceder, queden muchas otras en el aire. (shrink)

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the European Workshop on Logics in Artificial Intelligence, JELIA 2000, held in Malaga, Spain in September/October 2000. The 24 revised full papers presented together with three invited papers were carefully reviewed and selected out of 60 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on knowledge representation, reasoning about actions, belief revision, theorem proving, argumentation, agents, decidability and complexity, updates, and preferences.

Una de las cuestiones que más preocuparon a la organización anarquista Mujeres libres en la década de 1930 en España, destacando el contexto de la Guerra Civil, fue la situación de la mujer campesina. Esta contaba con un medio para la reflexión y difusión de sus ideales, la revista Mujeres Libres (1936-1938), dirigida a mujeres militantes y simpatizantes del movimiento libertario y a reflexionar sobre la situación de estas en todos sus ámbitos. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar el (...) ideal, la estética y roles otorgados a la mujer campesina ácrata en los textos e imágenes de esta publicación. (shrink)

Este artículo tiene como objetivo principal contrastar las teorías deJürgen Habermas y Michael Walzer en relación con las bondades e infortuniosde la ‘democracia deliberativa’, modelo que, en el caso habermasiano, se encauzaa superar al liberalismo clásico y al republicanismo cívico, dos concepcionestradicionales y con gran influencia en el pensamiento político actual. Elautor de Facticidad y validez le objetará al primer modelo que restringe el espaciopúblico a una racionalidad instrumental y a un Estado neutro encaminados asalvaguardar los intereses privados y los (...) derechos negativos. Al segundo, quelimita la acción política a una comprensión ética contextualizada y a una visiónidealista de las virtudes cívicas. Sostiene que ambas perspectivas son necesariaspero insuficientes para fortalecer los sistemas democráticos en sociedadessistémicas y multiculturales. Walzer, por su parte, ha puesto en tela de juicio elrumbo deliberativo habermasiano por cuanto lo considera un paradigma queciñe la acción política a la racionalidad argumentativa, sin tomar en cuenta lasotras prácticas sociales orientadas por la pasión, el coraje, la actitud competitivay los intereses.The aim of this article is to contrast the theories of Habermas andWalzer in relation to the benefits and misfortunes of deliberative democracy, a model that, for Habermas, is channeled to overcome classical liberalism and civic republicanism, the traditional main currents with great influence on the contemporary political thought. The author of Between facts and norms objected to the first model that it restricts the public space to an instrumental rationality and to a neutral State designed to safeguard private interests and individual rights. To the second, because it limits political action to a barely ethical understanding of an idealistic vision of civic virtues. Habermas argues that both perspectives are necessary but insufficient to strengthen democratic systems in systemic and multicultural societies. Walzer, meanwhile, has questioned the direction of Habermasian deliberative approach because he considers it as a paradigm that grasp political action only within the sphere of argumentative rationality, without taking into account other social practices guided by passion, courage, competitive attitudes and interests. (shrink)

En esta investigación se realiza un análisis de las normativas y protocolos autonómicos y locales de las ludotecas pertenecientes a la Comunidad Autónoma de Castilla y León (España) durante los años 2017-2022. Parte de un diseño de mapeo sistemático de normativas con el siguiente criterio de inclusión “localidades de más de 5000 habitantes de la comunidad castellano-leonesa” por entender que estas poseen recursos económicos para mantener en el tiempo estos servicios sociocomunitarios. Se estudian los documentos entre los años 2017 y (...) 2022 con la intención de analizar la evolución de las ludotecas en Castilla y León. (shrink)

The global pesticide complex has transformed over the past two decades, but social science research has not kept pace. The rise of an enormous generics sector, shifts in geographies of pesticide production, and dynamics of agrarian change have led to more pesticide use, expanding to farm systems that hitherto used few such inputs. Declining effectiveness due to pesticide resistance and anemic institutional support for non-chemical alternatives also have driven intensification in conventional systems. As an inter-disciplinary network of pesticide scholars, we (...) seek to renew the social science research agenda on pesticides to better understand this suite of contemporary changes. To identify research priorities, challenges, and opportunities, we develop the pesticide complex as a heuristic device to highlight the reciprocal and iterative interactions among agricultural practice, the agrochemical industry, civil society-shaped regulatory actions, and contested knowledge of toxicity. Ultimately, collaborations among social scientists and across the social and biophysical sciences can illuminate recent transformations and their uneven socioecological effects. A reinvigorated critical scholarship that embraces the multifaceted nature of pesticides can identify the social and ecological constraints that drive pesticide use and support alternatives to chemically driven industrial agriculture. (shrink)

IntroductionCardiology is characterized by its state-of-the-art biomedical technology and the predominance of Evidence-Based Medicine. This predominance makes it difficult for healthcare professionals to deal with the ethical dilemmas that emerge in this subspecialty. This paper is a first endeavor to empirically investigate the axiological foundations of the healthcare professionals in a cardiology hospital. Our pilot study selected, as the target population, cardiology personnel not only because of their difficult ethical deliberations but also because of the stringent conditions in which they (...) have to make them. Therefore, there is an urgent need to reconsider clinical ethics and Value-Based Medicine. This study proposes a qualitative analysis of the values and the virtues of healthcare professionals in a cardiology hospital in order to establish how the former impact upon the medical and ethical decisions made by the latter.ResultsWe point out the need for strengthening the roles of healthcare personnel as educators and guidance counselors in order to meet the ends of medicine, as well as the need for an ethical discernment that is compatible with our results, namely, that the ethical values developed by healthcare professionals stem from their life history as well as their professional education.ConclusionWe establish the kind of actions, communication skills and empathy that are required to build a stronger patient-healthcare professional relationship, which at the same time improves prognosis, treatment efficiency and therapeutic adhesion. (shrink)

Cardiology is characterized by its state-of-the-art biomedical technology and the predominance of Evidence-Based Medicine. This predominance makes it difficult for healthcare professionals to deal with the ethical dilemmas that emerge in this subspecialty. This paper is a first endeavor to empirically investigate the axiological foundations of the healthcare professionals in a cardiology hospital. Our pilot study selected, as the target population, cardiology personnel not only because of their difficult ethical deliberations but also because of the stringent conditions in which they (...) have to make them. Therefore, there is an urgent need to reconsider clinical ethics and Value-Based Medicine. This study proposes a qualitative analysis of the values and the virtues of healthcare professionals in a cardiology hospital in order to establish how the former impact upon the medical and ethical decisions made by the latter. (shrink)

IntroductionCardiology is characterized by its state-of-the-art biomedical technology and the predominance of Evidence-Based Medicine. This predominance makes it difficult for healthcare professionals to deal with the ethical dilemmas that emerge in this subspecialty. This paper is a first endeavor to empirically investigate the axiological foundations of the healthcare professionals in a cardiology hospital. Our pilot study selected, as the target population, cardiology personnel not only because of their difficult ethical deliberations but also because of the stringent conditions in which they (...) have to make them. Therefore, there is an urgent need to reconsider clinical ethics and Value-Based Medicine. This study proposes a qualitative analysis of the values and the virtues of healthcare professionals in a cardiology hospital in order to establish how the former impact upon the medical and ethical decisions made by the latter.ResultsWe point out the need for strengthening the roles of healthcare personnel as educators and guidance counselors in order to meet the ends of medicine, as well as the need for an ethical discernment that is compatible with our results, namely, that the ethical values developed by healthcare professionals stem from their life history as well as their professional education.ConclusionWe establish the kind of actions, communication skills and empathy that are required to build a stronger patient-healthcare professional relationship, which at the same time improves prognosis, treatment efficiency and therapeutic adhesion. (shrink)