Title: Move Your ShadowPublisher: PenguinISBN: 0140093265Author: Joseph LelyveldTitle: Crossing the LinePublisher: PerseaISBN: 0892553251Author: William FinneganTitle: South Africa Without ApartheidPublisher: University of California PressISBN: 0520057708Author: Heribert Adam and Kogila Moodley.

Collected articles on Burmese linguistic and literature.

Music Criticism in Vienna records a culture in which musical criticism had achieved the status of a minor art form. The period covered - October 1896 to December 1897 - was an eventful time in Vienna. Bruckner died, then Brahms; Mahler arrived; premieres of works by Czech composers coincided with increasing tension in the Empire between Czechs and Germans; Puccini's La Boheme reached Vienna on its sensational progress around the world; and the great programme music debate continued. These events and (...) issues were recorded and debated by some two dozen critics ranging from Eduard Hanslick, widely credited with (and blamed for) raising music criticism to an art, to Heinrich Schenker. The focus of Sandra McColl's monograph is unashamedly on the critics themselves, and her reconstruction of the climate of debate about whatever music or musicians came to their notice. She illuminates the intellectual climate in which the music was created, performed and received, and provides a foundation for the study of musical criticism in the post-Hanslick generation. (shrink)

Movement of leukocytes from peripheral blood into tissues, also called leukocyte extravasation, is absolutely essential for immunity in higher organisms. Over the past decade, our understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in white blood cell extravasation during both normal immune surveillance and the generation of protective immune responses has taken a great leap forward with the discovery of the chemokine gene superfamily. Chemokines are low-molecular-weight cytokines whose major collective biological activity appears to be that of chemotaxis of both specific and (...) overlapping subsets of leukocytes. They are therefore likely to play a critical role in the directed movement of leukocytes from the bloodstream into tissue. These molecules are almost exclusively secreted and act as extracellular messengers for the immune system. However, emerging data also show that various members of the chemokine gene superfamily exert other biological effects outside the immune system. All nucleated cells and all tissues examined to date are capable of expressing at least some chemokines, and it seems likely therefore that by the time all the chemokines are identified, and all their biological functions elucidated, we will find that, as a family, these molecules perform an extracellular messenger role in all tissues and systems of the body. BioEssays 1999;21:17–28. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. (shrink)

Collected works of author predominantly on Sakyapa liturgical, rituals, and sadhanas texts.

Cell signalling mediators derived from membrane phospholipids are frequent participants in biological processes. The family of phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) phosphorylate the membrane lipid phosphatidylinositol, generating second messengers that direct diverse responses. These PI3K products are fundamental for leukocyte migration or chemotaxis, a pivotal event during the immune response. This system is therefore of significant biomedical interest. This review focuses on the biochemistry and signalling pathways of PI3K, with particular emphasis on chemokine (chemotactic cytokine)-directed responses. The key objectives of chemotaxis are (...) motility and direction. The latter—direction—requires distinct events at the front and back of a cell. In light of this, the coordinated localisation of signalling factors, an event choreographed by a sharp intracellular gradient of PI3K-derived products, is a common theme. BioEssays 27:153–163, 2005. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (shrink)

These days, the radicalization of young people is above all viewed as a security risk. Almost all research into this phenomenon has been carried out from a legal, criminological or socio-psychological perspective with a focus on detecting and containing the risks posed by radicalization. In the light of the political developments since September 11, 2001, this is entirely understandable but perhaps not altogether wise. Research and theory development from a pedagogical perspective can also make a significant contribution towards a better (...) understanding of radicalization processes and possibly offer new points of departure for intervention strategies. On the basis of five typical cases, the authors examine the role of educators, social workers and teachers, and the problems they face when dealing with young people with extreme ideals. This article attempts to provide insight into the pedagogical conditions for the development of extreme ideals and suggests starting points for developing effective countermeasures. (shrink)

In this paper, we show that the finite model property fails for certain non‐integral semilinear substructural logics including Metcalfe and Montagna's uninorm logic and involutive uninorm logic, and a suitable extension of Metcalfe, Olivetti and Gabbay's pseudo‐uninorm logic. Algebraically, the results show that certain classes of bounded residuated lattices that are generated as varieties by their linearly ordered members are not generated as varieties by their finite members.

Fitch’s Paradox shows that if every truth is knowable, then every truth is known. Standard diagnoses identify the factivity/negative infallibility of the knowledge operator and Moorean contradictions as the root source of the result. This paper generalises Fitch’s result to show that such diagnoses are mistaken. In place of factivity/negative infallibility, the weaker assumption of any ‘level-bridging principle’ suffices. A consequence is that the result holds for some logics in which the “Moorean contradiction” commonly thought to underlie the result is (...) in fact consistent. This generalised result improves on the current understanding of Fitch’s result and widens the range of modalities of philosophical interest to which the result might be fruitfully applied. Along the way, we also consider a semantic explanation for Fitch’s result which answers a challenge raised by Kvanvig. (shrink)

This article studies the differences between traditional financial intermediaries (commercial banks, savings banks and cooperative banks) and ethical banks based on property rights, in which the owner decides the ideology, principles, standards and objectives of the organisation. In ethical banking, affinity centres on positive social and ethical values. The article consequendy focuses on an index proposed both to differentiate ethical banks from other types of banks, and also to pinpoint the differences between the various ethical banks themselves.This is the Radical (...) Affinity Index (RAI), which groups banks together in terms of their stance on ethical commitment, concentrating on ethical ideology and principles (information transparency, placement of assets, guarantees and participation) and using a sample of 114 European banks. The evidence shows that transparency of information and placement of assets are factors that differentiate ethical banks from other financial intermediaries.Guarantees and participation are characteristics specific to ethical banks; these variables, however, do not offer clear evidence to our analysis. (shrink)

It is well known that microbial pathogens are able to subvert the host immune system in order to increase microbial replication and propagation. Recent research indicates that another arm of the immune response, that of the chemokine system, is also subject to this sabotage, and is undermined by a range of microbial pathogens, including viruses, bacteria, and parasites. Currently, it is known that the chemokine system is being challenged by a number of mechanisms, and still more are likely to be (...) discovered with further research. Here we first review the general mechanisms by which microbial pathogens bypass mammalian chemokine defences. Broadly, these can be grouped as viral chemokine interacting proteins, microbial manipulation of host chemokine and chemokine receptor expression, microbial blockade of host chemokine receptor signalling, and the largely hypothetical mechanisms of microbial enhancement of host anti‐chemokine networks (including digestion, antagonism, and neutralisation of host chemokines and chemokine receptors). We then discuss the potential results of these interactions in terms of outcome of infection. BioEssays 25:478–488, 2003. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (shrink)

El ejercicio filosófico de raíz marxista en Chile tiene un capítulo escrito por los intelectuales comunistas de la década del 60 del siglo XX. Uno de ellos, Sergio Vuskovic, se abocó a discutir con las tesis althusserianas que identificaron la teorización de Marx como un antihumanismo teórico. Para oponerse a tal perspectiva, Vuskovic realiza una operación teórica al interior de la obra de Marx con el objetivo de afirmar la categoría de sujeto, así como la interna relación entre ejercicio teórico (...) y praxis socio-histórica. Chilean communist intellectuals of the 1960's wrote a chapter of the history of Marxist philosophy. One of them was Sergio Vuskovic who focused on discussing Marx's theories according to Althusser's thesis of anti-humanism. By affirming the subject category and the internal relationship between "theoretical operation" and socio-historical praxis within Marx's philosophy, Vuskovic opposes Althusser's perspective. (shrink)

This paper is a contribution to the general study of consequence relations which contain (definable) connective of “disjunction”. Our work is centered around the “proof by cases property”, we present several of its equivalent definitions, and show some interesting applications, namely in constructing axiomatic systems for intersections of logics and recognizing weakly implicative fuzzy logics among the weakly implicative ones.

This article presents silence as a cognitive tool to comprehend the environment. Two dimensions of silence are addressed: a natural mechanism and human beings' social and cultural construction. There is a link between these two dimensions because, on the one hand, agents' cognitive strategies based on silence influence how meanings and uses of silence have been constructed. The meanings of silence we use are contextual shapers of silence-based cognitive strategies. Silence is analyzed as a resource for coping with ambiguity: situations (...) perceived as uncertain provoke doubt and confusion because they can be understood differently or suggest different interpretations. These situations can occur in the face of epistemic disruption. The consequence is a transfer of the ambiguity property of these situations to the usual ways of relating to the world and people. The cognitive approach is based here on a semiotic-hermeneutic interpretation of silence from a phenomenological perspective. This accounts for a paradox: even if silence does not exist (the world is acoustic), it is real. The silence experience is a non-inferential cognitive capacity located at the base of perception: a stimulus that suggests a particular gesture as an action different from the usual one to deal with the environment. (shrink)

Este trabajo se enmarca dentro de un proyecto de investigación más amplio sobre las difíciles relaciones entre la elaboración de la decisión democrática y el de la conformación de la opinión pública, lo que se debe a que ambos fenómenos, la democracia y la opinión pública, parten de presupuestos filosófico-políticos diferentes. Como primer paso se ofrece una serie de precisiones sobre el concepto de opinión pública, que se articulan desde dos ejes (proceso-producto y holismo-atomismo). Así se analizan cuatro posibles usos (...) de la expresión: opinión pública como sujeto social unitario y definido, que es capaz de emitir juicios y expresar preferencias; como contenido concordante de esos juicios y preferencias; como proceso plural y colectivo de formación de convicciones y actitudes individuales y, por último, como descripción estadística de la presencia de tales convicciones y actitudes en los diferentes segmentos sociales. (shrink)

El propósito de este artículo es analizar las estrategias de descortesía verbal en una muestra de discurso parlamentario chileno. Para tal propósito se estudiaron las secuencias de discurso que manifestaban dichas estrategias en un corpus de 28 sesiones de la honorable Cámara de Diputados de Chile realizadas entre 2005 y 2007, en las que se discutieron diferentes asuntos polémicos de interés público. Para el análisis de la descortesía en el discurso político aquí realizado se consultaron los trabajos de Chilton y (...) Schäffner (1999), Blas Arroyo (2001 y 2003) y Bolívar (2005), entre otros. Una vez analizados los textos de las transcripciones de las sesiones de la muestra se identificaron las siguientes estrategias de descortesía: atacar la imagen pública del oponente y resguardar la propia imagen pública. Asimismo, la primera de dichas estrategias se subclasificó en las siguientes tácticas: desacreditaciones, ridiculizaciones y amedrentamientos. The purpose of this article is to analyze impoliteness strategies in a sample of Chilean parliamentary discourse. To that effect, this study puts forward an analysis of the discourse sequences manifesting these strategies in a corpus constituted by 28 sessions held between 2005 and 2007 by the honorable Chamber of Representatives of Chile, in which different and controversial issues of public interest were discussed. For the analysis of impoliteness in political discourse carried out in this study, the works of Chilton y Schäffner (1999), Blas Arroyo’s (2001 and 2003) and Bolívar’s (2005) were consulted, among others. Once the transcriptions of the sessions under analysis were processed, the following impoliteness strategies expressing the representatives’ political goals were identified: attacking the opponent’s public image and protecting the own public image. Likewise, the first of these strategies was sub-classified into the following tactics: discrediting, ridiculizing, and intimidating. (shrink)

Databases play a fundamental role in today’s world, being used by most companies, especially those that offer services through the Internet. Today there is a wide variety of database models, each adapted for use according to the specific requirements of each application. Traditionally, the relational models with centralized architectures have been used mostly due to their simplicity and general-purpose query language, which made relational systems suitable for almost any application. However, with the growth of the Internet in recent decades, both (...) in the number of users and in the amount of information, those centralized models began to suffer availability and scalability issues. To address those issues, the use of decentralized architectures and alternative database models began to arise, eventually replacing relational databases and centralized architectures when the requirements on availability and scalability are high. Those database models alternative to the traditional relational model are grouped under the name of NoSQL. In this article, we present a NoSQL database developed as an end of degree work, with a flexible data model based on documents and a fully decentralized architecture based on the Gossip protocol for node discovery and a distributed hash table, in particular the rendezvous hashing algorithm, used to distribute and replicate the data across all the nodes. The main goals of the system are to achieve high availability and high scalability. High availability is achieved thanks to the replication of the data, while high scalability is achieved by its decentralized architecture, which allows multiple entry points from the requests, and the data distribution, effectively increasing the database capacity by increasing the number of nodes. (shrink)

En este ensayo se hace una valoración de la situación actual de la estética y se estudia cuál es la aportación del pensamiento del filósofo español X. Zubiri a la misma. Para ello se reconstruye a grandes rasgos la historia del pensamiento estético hasta el momento actual de modo que sean claramente perceptibles las aportaciones a la estética de la propuesta del pensador español, a la vez que las posibilidades que abre para un desarrollo ulterior de esta disciplina. Para mostrar (...) las aportaciones a la estética de Zubiri se exponen las características fundamentales de su pensamiento en las que destaca su raigambre estrictamente metafísica. Esta raigambre metafísica permite evitar un reduccionismo hermenéutico de la estética tal y como ocurre según el autor en muchas propuestas actuales. Por otro lado, la propuesta zubiriana de incardinar lo estético en una facultad sustantiva como es el sentimiento afectante, permite evitar el intelectualismo y rescatar la autonomía de la dimensión estética de la realidad sin reducirla al bien ni el ser neutro. La propuesta es una alternativa a la teoría de Max Scheler que, no obstante, vuelve a hacerse cargo de la estructura transcendental de la realidad como ocurría en la gran tradición metafísica occidental. (shrink)

Antropología y filosofía Los textos aquí reunidos son sólo pensamientos en voz alta, a la vez que propuestas para pensar, que más que aportar soluciones presentan problemas. Todos son textos programáticos, sin pretensión dogmática, dirigidos a mostrar que la reflexión científica sobre el ser humano pide, si ha de ser auténtica, su continuidad en la filosofía.

Introduction to the Special Issue of the Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics from EURSAFE 2010 Content Type Journal Article Pages 1-4 DOI 10.1007/s10806-012-9390-2 Authors Leire Escajedo San-Epifanio, Department of Constitutional Law and History of Political Thought, Faculty of Social Sciences and Communication, University of the Basque Country, Bilbao, Spain Mickey Gjerris, Faculty of Science, Institute of Food and Resource Economics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark Journal Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics Online ISSN 1573-322X Print ISSN 1187-7863.

El objetivo de este ensayo es primero honrar la memoria de Vicent Martínez Guzmán, destacando sus importantes contribuciones a la filosofía. Dada su relación con el autor, ha parecido lo más oportuno centrarse en la relación de su filosofía con la fenomenología puesto que otros colegas desentrañarán otras facetas. Para cumplir ese cometido el ensayo tiene cuatro partes. En la primera se hace una presentación de las etapas de la filosofía de nuestro autor. En la segunda se expone, con bastante (...) amplitud, por la importancia que tiene, la primera concepción de la fenomenología de Vicent Martínez Guzmán. El apartado tercero expone, aunque sea brevemente, por ser más conocido, el sentido fenomenológico de la filosofía para hacer las paces. Por fin, la cuarta comenta la posición de Vicent Martínez Guzmán respecto al ordoliberalismo de la Escuela de Friburgo, considerando la relación de este con la fenomenología husserliana.The aim of this essay is first of all to honor the memory of Vicent Martínez Guzmán, highlighting his important contributions to philosophy. Given its relationship with the author, it has seemed most appropriate to focus on the relationship of his philosophy with phenomenology since other colleagues will unravel other facets. To fulfill this task, the essay has four parts. In the first one, a presentation is made of the stages of our author's philosophy. In the second, the first conception of the phenomenology of Vicent Martínez Guzmán is exposed, quite widely, because of its importance. The third section exposes, even if briefly, for being better known, the phenomenological sense of “philosophy to make peace”. Finally, the fourth section comments on Vicent Martínez Guzmán’s position regarding the ordoliberalism of the Fribourg School, considering its relation to Husserlian phenomenology. (shrink)