Results for 'distributed morality'

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  1. Distributed morality in an information society.Luciano Floridi - 2013 - Science and Engineering Ethics 19 (3):727-743.
    The phenomenon of distributed knowledge is well-known in epistemic logic. In this paper, a similar phenomenon in ethics, somewhat neglected so far, is investigated, namely distributed morality. The article explains the nature of distributed morality, as a feature of moral agency, and explores the implications of its occurrence in advanced information societies. In the course of the analysis, the concept of infraethics is introduced, in order to refer to the ensemble of moral enablers, which, although (...)
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  2. Distributed cognition and distributed morality: Agency, artifacts and systems.Richard Heersmink - 2017 - Science and Engineering Ethics 23 (2):431-448.
    There are various philosophical approaches and theories describing the intimate relation people have to artifacts. In this paper, I explore the relation between two such theories, namely distributed cognition and distributed morality theory. I point out a number of similarities and differences in these views regarding the ontological status they attribute to artifacts and the larger systems they are part of. Having evaluated and compared these views, I continue by focussing on the way cognitive artifacts are used (...)
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  3. (1 other version)Faultless responsibility: on the nature and allocation of moral responsibility for distributed moral actions.Luciano Floridi - 2016 - Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A 374:20160112.
    The concept of distributed moral responsibility (DMR) has a long history. When it is understood as being entirely reducible to the sum of (some) human, individual and already morally loaded actions, then the allocation of DMR, and hence of praise and reward or blame and punishment, may be pragmatically difficult, but not conceptually problematic. However, in distributed environments, it is increasingly possible that a network of agents, some human, some artificial (e.g. a program) and some hybrid (e.g. a (...)
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  4.  73
    Distributed morality: Externalizing ethical knowledge in technological artifacts. [REVIEW]Lorenzo Magnani & Emanuele Bardone - 2008 - Foundations of Science 13 (1):99-108.
    Technology moves us to a better world. We contend that through technology people can simplify and solve moral tasks when they are in presence of incomplete information and possess a diminished capacity to act morally. Many external things, usually inert from the moral point of view, can be transformed into the so-called moral mediators. Hence, not all of the moral tools are inside the head, many of them are shared and distributed in “external” objects and structures which function as (...)
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  5. Delegating and distributing morality: Can we inscribe privacy protection in a machine? [REVIEW]Alison Adam - 2005 - Ethics and Information Technology 7 (4):233-242.
    This paper addresses the question of delegation of morality to a machine, through a consideration of whether or not non-humans can be considered to be moral. The aspect of morality under consideration here is protection of privacy. The topic is introduced through two cases where there was a failure in sharing and retaining personal data protected by UK data protection law, with tragic consequences. In some sense this can be regarded as a failure in the process of delegating (...)
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  6.  55
    Commentary: Distributed Cognition and Distributed Morality: Agency, Artifacts and Systems.Witold M. Wachowski - 2018 - Frontiers in Psychology 9.
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  7.  23
    Linguistic domination: A republican approach to linguistic justice.Sergi Morales-Gálvez - forthcoming - Philosophy and Social Criticism.
    Linguistic justice is about institutions distributing material and symbolic resources fairly when they are faced with linguistic diversity. However, no theory of linguistic justice has developed a systematic and comprehensive account of the moral dilemmas that take place in interpersonal linguistic relationships, in particular the power dynamics leading to (linguistic) domination. The aim of this article is to start building a general theory of linguistic domination, one that offers new conceptual tools for both empirical and normative analyses of linguistically diverse (...)
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  8.  30
    Machine learning for electric energy consumption forecasting: Application to the Paraguayan system.Félix Morales-Mareco, Miguel García-Torres, Federico Divina, Diego H. Stalder & Carlos Sauer - 2024 - Logic Journal of the IGPL 32 (6):1048-1072.
    In this paper we address the problem of short-term electric energy prediction using a time series forecasting approach applied to data generated by a Paraguayan electricity distribution provider. The dataset used in this work contains data collected over a three-year period. This is the first time that these data have been used; therefore, a preprocessing phase of the data was also performed. In particular, we propose a comparative study of various machine learning and statistical strategies with the objective of predicting (...)
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  9.  31
    Judicial interventions in health policy: Epistemic competence and the courts.Leticia Morales - 2021 - Bioethics 35 (8):760-766.
    The judiciary is a key policy actor that is involved in deciding health rights and policy by intervening in the policy process through a variety of judicial mechanisms, yet the appropriate extent of its involvement remains contentious. Taking the competence objection seriously requires understanding it as an epistemic problem about how courts assess empirical and scientific evidence in order to competently adjudicate controversial health claims. This paper examines recent advances in social epistemology to develop insights for the epistemic competence of (...)
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  10. Distributed Truth-Telling: A Model for Moral Revolution and Epistemic Justice in Australia.Nicolas J. Bullot & Stephen W. Enciso - forthcoming - Australasian Journal of Philosophy.
    This article provides a philosophical response to the need for truth-telling about colonial history, focussing on the Australian context. The response consists in inviting philosophers and the public to engage in social-justice practices specified by a model called Distributed Truth-Telling (DTT), which integrates the historiography of injustices affecting Indigenous peoples with insights from social philosophy and cultural evolution theory. By contrast to official and large-scale truth commissions, distributed truth-telling is a set of non-elitist practices that weave three components: (...)
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  11. Distributive Justice and Empirical Moral Psychology.Christian Miller - 2015 - Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy:Online.
    Bargaining games typically involve two players distributing a specific payoff (usually money), and will be our focus here, as they are especially helpful for examining the moral psychology of justice. Examples include the ultimatum game and dictator game. We will also look at a novel twist on the dictator game by the psychologist Daniel Batson, which has fostered a large experimental literature on what he calls ‘moral hypocrisy.’ Finally we will connect this discussion of economic games to the virtue of (...)
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  12.  20
    The Notion of “Moral Firm” and Distributive Justice in an Islamic Framework.Toseef Azid & Osamah H. Rawashdeh - 2018 - Intellectual Discourse 26:357-382.
    This paper discusses conventional and Islamic concepts of distributivejustice, and develops propositions for the establishment of firms deemed to bemoral firms from Islamic perspective. Generally, distributive justice impliesthat goods should be distributed among members of the community accordingto their standing in society. In the Islamic scenario, however, the positive andthe normative aspects work simultaneously. The management of a firm seeksnot only to earn profit in this world but also to get reward in the life-hereafter.Thus, it is duty of a (...)
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  13. Moral constraints and justice in distribution.R. Nozick - 1996 - Filosoficky Casopis 44 (6):969-989.
     
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  14.  5
    A general definition of the concept of chemical speciation, chemical species transformation and chemical species evolution based on a semantics of meaning.Waldo Quiroz, Roberto Morales-Aguilar & Pablo A. Perez - forthcoming - Foundations of Chemistry:1-17.
    The concept of a “chemical speciation”, as defined by in the year 2000, is grounded in an empiricist semantics. It is a static concept, as it is associated with the ontological category of the chemical state of the distribution of chemical species in a system and is further restricted to chemical species of a single element as it excludes chemical species with more complex chemical systemic subunits, such as molecular species, crystals, or nanoparticles. In this work, we propose a new (...)
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  15.  82
    Moral Uncertainty and Distributive Sufficiency.Michael Bukoski - 2021 - Ethical Theory and Moral Practice 24 (4):949-963.
    According to the sufficiency principle, distributive justice requires that everyone have some sufficient level of resources or well-being, but inequalities above this threshold have no moral significance. This paper defends a version of the sufficiency principle as the appropriate response to moral uncertainty about distributive justice. Assuming that the appropriate response to moral uncertainty is to maximize expected choiceworthiness, and given a reasonable distribution of credence in some familiar views about distributive justice, a version of the sufficiency principle strikes the (...)
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  16.  21
    Mapping Population Dynamics at Local Scales Using Spatial Networks.José Balsa-Barreiro, Alfredo J. Morales & Rubén C. Lois-González - 2021 - Complexity 2021:1-14.
    Nowadays, around half of the global population lives in urban areas. This rate is expected to increase up to two-thirds by the year 2050. Most studies analyze urban dynamics in wide geographic ranges, focusing mainly on cities. According to them, the global population is spatially distributed in two extremes: large urban agglomerations and rural deserts. However, this remark is excessively general and imprecise. For this reason, it remains essential to analyze these dynamics at other spatial scales. A close-up look (...)
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  17.  71
    Distributing Collective Moral Responsibility to Group Members.David J. Zoller - 2014 - Journal of Social Philosophy 45 (4):478-497.
    There has been considerable recent interest in the “collective moral autonomy” thesis (CMA), that is, the notion that we can predicate moral successes, failures, and duties of collectives even if there are no comparable successes, failures, and duties among members. One reason why this position looks appealing is because the opposing individualist position seems to have what we might call an accounting problem. Individualists maintain that only individuals can be subjects of moral success, failure, or duty; however, many reasonable judgments (...)
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  18. Global Moral Egalitarianism and Global Distributive Egalitarianism.Pablo Gilabert - 2015 - Ethics and International Affairs 29 (3):269-276.
    Michael Blake claims that liberal principles ground egalitarian distribution domestically but not globally. This paper raises some worries about these claims. It challenges the argument for domestic distributive equality based on a concern for autonomy, noting that a broader concern for wellbeing is required. And it suggests that a concern for everyone’s autonomy and wellbeing supports the progressive pursuit of global distributive equality rather than only the pursuit of global sufficiency.
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  19.  73
    Morality, Law and the Fair Distribution of Freedom.Mario Ricciardi - 2013 - Criminal Law and Philosophy 7 (3):531-548.
    Hart’s criticism of Devlin’s stance on the legal enforcement of morality has been highly influential in shaping a new liberal sensibility and in paving the way to many important legal reforms in the UK. After 50 years it is perhaps time to go back to Law, Liberty and Morality to see it in the perspective of the general evolution of Hart’s thought since the early 50s. This is a period of extraordinary creativity for the Oxford philosopher, in which (...)
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  20. Fairness and Demandingness: Distributing the Burdens of Morality.Moritz A. Schulz - manuscript
    In this paper, I argue that established responses to the demandingness objection fail to acknowledge an alternative explanation of the intuitive pull of this objection for a significant subset of norms being subject to it. This is the class of imperfect collective duties, which give rise to conceptually distinct objections from fairness that nonetheless permeate many clear examples of intuitively problematic moral demands. Such duties obtain where it is morally required to attain a certain outcome O, yet obtaining O does (...)
     
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  21.  29
    Four Moral Grounds for the Wide Distribution of Capital Endowment Goods.John J. Davenport - 2017 - Quaestiones Disputatae 8 (1):21-56.
    This article argues for a social proviso concerning capital endowments that is analogous to Locke's original proviso on access to productive natural capital.
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  22.  25
    The moral, or the story? Changing children's distributive justice preferences through social communication.Joshua Rottman, Valerie Zizik, Kelly Minard, Liane Young, Peter R. Blake & Deborah Kelemen - 2020 - Cognition 205 (C):104441.
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  23.  14
    Distributive Justice and the Moral Division of Labor: A Comment on Penner.Yitzhak Benbaji - 2009 - Theoretical Inquiries in Law 10 (1 Forum).
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  24. Moral development and distributive justice.Daniel Wegner, Goonzbleeminger, D. M. & L. Anooshian - manuscript
     
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  25.  20
    Distributive Justice in the Lab: Testing the Binding Role of Agreement.Pedro Francés-Gómez, Laura Marcon & Marco Faillo - 2020 - Analyse & Kritik 42 (1):107-136.
    Lorenzo Sacconi and his coauthors have put forward the hypothesis that impartial agreements on distributive rules may generate a conditional preference for conformity. The observable effect of this preference would be compliance with fair distributive rules chosen behind a veil of ignorance, even in the absence of external coercion. This paper uses a Dictator Game with production and taking option to compare two ways in which the device of the veil of ignorance may be thought to generate a motivation for, (...)
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  26. Distributed responsibility in human–machine interactions.Anna Strasser - 2021 - AI and Ethics.
    Artificial agents have become increasingly prevalent in human social life. In light of the diversity of new human–machine interactions, we face renewed questions about the distribution of moral responsibility. Besides positions denying the mere possibility of attributing moral responsibility to artificial systems, recent approaches discuss the circumstances under which artificial agents may qualify as moral agents. This paper revisits the discussion of how responsibility might be distributed between artificial agents and human interaction partners (including producers of artificial agents) and (...)
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  27. The Separateness of Persons, Distributive Norms, and Moral Theory.David Brink - 1993 - In Raymond Gillespie Frey & Christopher W. Morris, Value, Welfare, and Morality. Cambridge University Press. pp. 252-289.
  28. Distributive Justice.Michael Allingham - 2013 - London: Routledge.
    Distributive Justice Theories of distributive justice seek to specify what is meant by a just distribution of goods among members of society. All liberal theories (in the sense specified below) may be seen as expressions of laissez-faire with compensations for factors that they consider to be morally arbitrary. More specifically, such theories may be interpreted […].
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  29.  19
    Constructing Public Distributive Justice: On the Method of Functionalist Moral Theory.Gerald Gaus & Chad Van Schoelandt - 2018 - In Manuel Knoll, Stephen Snyder & Nurdane Şimşek, New Perspectives on Distributive Justice: Deep Disagreements, Pluralism, and the Problem of Consensus. Berlin, Germany: De Gruyter. pp. 403-422.
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  30.  37
    (1 other version)Distributive Justice and Distributed Obligations.A. Edmundson William - forthcoming - New Content is Available for Journal of Moral Philosophy.
    _ Source: _Page Count 19 Collectivities can have obligations beyond the aggregate of pre-existing obligations of their members. Certain such collective obligations _distribute_, i.e., become members’ obligations to do their fair share. In _incremental good_ cases, i.e., those in which a member’s fair share would go part way toward fulfilling the collectivity’s obligation, each member has an unconditional obligation to contribute.States are involuntary collectivities that bear moral obligations. Certain states, _democratic legal states_, are collectivities whose obligations can distribute. Many existing (...)
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  31. 'Filling the Ranks': Moral Risk and the Ethics of Military Recruitment.Jonathan Parry & Christina Easton - 2024 - American Political Science Review 118 (4):1763-1777.
    If states are permitted to create and maintain a military force, by what means are they permitted to do so? This paper argues that a theory of just recruitment should incorporate a concern for moral risk. Since the military is a morally risky profession for its members, recruitment policies should be evaluated in terms of how they distribute moral risk within a community. We show how common military recruitment practices exacerbate and concentrate moral risk exposure, using the UK as a (...)
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  32. Distributive sufficiency, inequality-blindness and disrespectful treatment.Vincent Harting - 2024 - Critical Review of International Social and Political Philosophy 27 (4):429-440.
    Sufficientarian theories of distributive justice are often considered to be vulnerable to the ‘blindness to inequality and other values objection’. This objection targets their commitment to holding the moral irrelevance of requirements of justice above absolute thresholds of advantage, making them insufficiently sensitive to egalitarian moral concerns that do have relevance for justice. This paper explores how sufficientarians could reply to this objection. Particularly, I claim that, if we accept that the force of the aforementioned objection comes from relational, and (...)
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  33.  75
    Morality, Mortality Volume I: Death and Whom to Save From It.Frances Myrna Kamm - 1993 - New York, US: OUP Usa.
    Morality, Mortality as a whole deals with certain aspects of ethical theory and with moral problems that arise primarily in contexts involving life‐and‐death decisions. The importance of the theoretical issues is not limited to their relevance to these decisions; however, they are, rather, issues at the heart of basic moral and political theory. This first volume comprises three parts. Part I, Death: From Bad to Worse, has with four chapters, and an appendix, discussing death and why it is bad (...)
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  34.  6
    The distributive justice doctrine of limitarianism.Frank Aragbonfoh Abumere - 2024 - South African Journal of Philosophy 43 (3):272-282.
    Nearly a decade ago, Ingrid Robeyns formulated a distributive justice doctrine known as economic limitarianism. This article posits that Robeyns’ limitarianism is a politically plausible, practically feasible and morally justifiable doctrine. The doctrine effectively addresses concerns regarding incentives, efficacy and unequal opportunities. The article identifies a problem of scope or extensity, which it refers to as an asymmetric argument. The article proposes that this issue can be resolved by fully extending limitarianism to non-democratic states. This extension is justified by the (...)
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  35. (1 other version)Distributing Responsibility.Victor Tadros - 2020 - Philosophy and Public Affairs 48 (3):223-261.
    A widespread view in moral, legal, and political philosophy, as well as in public discourse, is that responsibility makes a difference to the fair allocation or distribution of things that are valuable or disvaluable independently of responsibility. For example, the fairness of punishing a person for wrongdoing varies with her responsibility for wrongdoing; the fairness of requiring a person to pay compensation varies with her responsibility for the harm that she caused; the fairness of one person being worse off than (...)
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  36. Distributive justice and co-operation in a world of humans and non-humans: A contractarian argument for drawing non-humans into the sphere of justice.Mark Coeckelbergh - 2009 - Res Publica 15 (1):67-84.
    Various arguments have been provided for drawing non-humans such as animals and artificial agents into the sphere of moral consideration. In this paper, I argue for a shift from an ontological to a social-philosophical approach: instead of asking what an entity is, we should try to conceptually grasp the quasi-social dimension of relations between non-humans and humans. This allows me to reconsider the problem of justice, in particular distributive justice . Engaging with the work of Rawls, I show that an (...)
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  37.  16
    Globalisation and distributive justice: evaluating the moral implications of coercion and cooperation in world trade.Simon Cotton - 2014 - Australian Journal of Political Science 49 (2).
  38.  20
    Distributive justice, best options and organ markets: a reply to Semrau.Andreas Albertsen - forthcoming - Journal of Medical Ethics.
    How important is it, morally speaking, that banning the sale of organs removes the best option available to would-be organ sellers? According to a widespread argument called the best option argument, this is very important. In a recent article I criticised such reasoning, drawing on considerations of distributive justice. Luke Semrau has argued that I have misunderstood the best option argument. In this article, I respond to Semrau’s criticism and elaborate on my original argument.
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  39.  7
    Justice distributive ou solidarité à l'échelle globale?: John Rawls et Thomas Pogge.Daniel Noumbissié Tchamo - 2012 - Paris: L'Harmattan.
    Les crises économiques, financières, politiques, sociales, morales et écologiques se succèdent et s'entremêlent à l'échelle globale, au travers d'une mondialisation qui, dans la concrétisation de l'universel, traduit un jeu dual (global-local) dans lequel l'universalisation des conditions d'accès à l'universel fait défaut. L'extrême pauvreté dans les " sociétés non libérales " et le recul des libertés en termes de " capabilités " des plus vulnérables nous interpellent tous sur la glocalisation des grands maux sociétaux qui affligent en l'occurrence les plus mal (...)
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  40.  83
    The business responsibility for wealth distribution in a globalized political-economy: Merging moral economics and catholic social teaching. [REVIEW]John Kohls & Sandra L. Christensen - 2002 - Journal of Business Ethics 35 (3):223 - 234.
    If it is accepted that the real marketplace does not necessarily distribute wealth in the manner that the ideal market would have done, and that societal institutions have an obligation to bring the real and ideal market distributions into accord, then it can be argued that economic actors have a responsibility to consider the effects of their activities on the distribution of wealth in society. This paper asserts that businesses have a responsibility to consider the wealth distribution effects of their (...)
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  41.  91
    Global Distributive Justice.Wilfried Hinsch - 2001 - Metaphilosophy 32 (1-2):58-78.
    The paper discusses the problem of global distributive justice. It proposes to distinguish between principles for the domestic and for the global or intersocietal distribution of wealth. It is argued that there may be a plurality of partly diverging domestic conceptions of distributive justice, not all of which need to be liberal egalitarian conceptions. It is maintained, however, that principles regulating the intersocietal distribution of wealth have to be egalitarian principles. This claim is defended against Rawls's argument in The Law (...)
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  42. Distributing States' Duties.Stephanie Collins - 2015 - Journal of Political Philosophy 24 (3):344-366.
    In order for states to fulfil their moral duties, costs must be passed to individual citizens. This paper asks how these costs should be distributed. I advocate the common-sense answer: the distribution of costs should, insofar as possible, track the reasons behind the state’s duty. This answer faces a number of problems, which I attempt to solve.
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  43.  33
    Talents and distributive justice: some tensions.Mitja Sardoč & Tomaž Deželan - 2021 - Educational Philosophy and Theory 53 (8):768-776.
    For much of its modern history, the notion of talent has been associated with the idea of ‘careers open to talent’. Its emancipatory promise of upward social mobility has radically transformed the distribution of advantaged social positions and has had a lasting influence on the very idea of social status itself. Nevertheless, unlike concepts traditionally associated with distributive justice, e.g. fairness, (in)equality, desert, equality of opportunity as well as justice itself, the notion of talent has received only limited examination. This (...)
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  44. Against Moral Responsibility.Bruce N. Waller - 2011 - MIT Press.
    In Against Moral Responsibility, Bruce Waller launches a spirited attack on a system that is profoundly entrenched in our society and its institutions, deeply rooted in our emotions, and vigorously defended by philosophers from ancient times to the present. Waller argues that, despite the creative defenses of it by contemporary thinkers, moral responsibility cannot survive in our naturalistic-scientific system. The scientific understanding of human behavior and the causes that shape human character, he contends, leaves no room for moral responsibility. Waller (...)
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  45.  21
    Distributive Justice: Getting What We Deserve From Our Country.Fred Feldman - 2016 - Oxford, GB: Oxford University Press UK.
    Everyone agrees that justice is a profoundly important value. People march and protest to demand it; more than a few have died in its pursuit. Yet when we stop to reflect on what makes for justice, or try to state in a clear way what we mean when we speak of justice, we may be perplexed. But if you are going to die in defense of some value, it is important for you to have a fairly clear conception of what (...)
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  46.  26
    Atmospheric Buddhism: How Buddhism is Distributed, Felt, and Moralized in a Repressive Society.Yasmin Cho - 2024 - Journal of Religious Ethics 51 (4):701-719.
    A growing number of lay Buddhist practitioners have sought out alternative ways to incorporate Buddhist teachings in their daily practices and make positive changes in society by “doing good” for others. Sometimes recognized as part of “humanistic Buddhism,” this approach emphasizes general morality and focuses on people who need help as a way to fulfill Buddhist teachings in this world. Some Chinese Buddhist practitioners who follow the Tibetan Buddhist tradition also carry out similar humanistic engagements but use more subtle (...)
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  47. Distributive justice, social cooperation, and the basis of equality.Emil Andersson - 2022 - Theoria 88 (6):1180-1195.
    This paper considers the view that the basis of equality is the range property of being a moral person. This view, suggested by John Rawls in his A Theory of Justice (1971), is commonly dismissed in the literature. By defending the view against the criticism levelled against it, I aim to show that this dismissal has been too quick. The critics have generally failed to fully appreciate the fact that Rawls's account is restricted to the domain of distributive justice. On (...)
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  48.  12
    The Moral Ecology of Markets: Assessing Claims About Markets and Justice.Daniel Finn - 2006 - Cambridge University Press.
    Disagreements about the morality of markets, and about self-interested behavior within markets, run deep. They arise from perspectives within economics and political philosophy that appear to have nothing in common. In this book, Daniel Finn provides a framework for understanding these conflicting points of view. Recounting the arguments for and against markets and self-interest, he argues that every economy must address four fundamental problems: allocation, distribution, scale, and the quality of relations. In addition, every perspective on the morality (...)
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  49. Well-Being and Fair Distribution: Beyond Cost-Benefit Analysis.Matthew Adler - 2011 - Oxford University Press.
    This book addresses a range of relevant theoretical issues, including the possibility of an interpersonally comparable measure of well-being, or “utility” metric; the moral value of equality, and how that bears on the form of the social welfare function; social choice under uncertainty; and the possibility of integrating considerations of individual choice and responsibility into the social-welfare-function framework. This book also deals with issues of implementation, and explores how survey data and other sources of evidence might be used to calibrate (...)
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  50.  5
    Living morally, and happily.Naomi Scheinerman - 2013 - Hastings Center Report 43 (2):inside front cover-inside front.
    Society's distribution of goods is not always just: there is a significant lack of jobs and resources accessible to even the hardest of workers, and even the most motivated can have trouble discovering that fulfilling calling. Furthermore, the most needed jobs may, for many, not be the most fulfilling ones, while the most fulfilling jobs may not always better society. Amidst such observations, I find myself reflecting on my own life choices. Working at The Hastings Center is an exceedingly rare (...)
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