Results for 'transgenic'

216 found
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  1.  15
    M UCH IS AT stake in the development of transgenic plants. Genetic engineering has the potential to both positively and.Transgenic Plants - 2009 - In Vardit Ravitsky, Autumn Fiester & Arthur L. Caplan (eds.), The Penn Center Guide to Bioethics. Springer Publishing Company. pp. 435.
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  2.  82
    Assessing the value of transgenic crops.Hugh Lacey - 2002 - Science and Engineering Ethics 8 (4):497-511.
    In the current controversy about the value of transgenic crops, matters open to empirical inquiry are centrally at issue. One such matter is a key premise in a common argument (that I summarize) that transgenic crops should be considered to have universal value. The premise is that there are no alternative forms of agriculture available to enable the production of sufficient food to feed the world. The proponents of agroecology challenge it, claiming that agroecology provides an alternative, and (...)
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  3.  31
    Transgenic crops: Engineering a more sustainable agriculture? [REVIEW]Bryan J. Hubbell & Rick Welsh - 1998 - Agriculture and Human Values 15 (1):43-56.
    Transgenic crops currently available foruse potentially provide environmental benefits, suchas reduction in insecticide use and substitution ofless toxic for more toxic herbicides. These benefitsare contingent on a host of factors, such as thepotential for development of resistant pests,out-crossing to weedy relatives, and transgenic cropmanagement regimes. Three scenarios are used toexamine the potential sustainability of transgeniccrop technologies. These scenarios demonstrate thatexisting transgenic varieties, while potentiallyimproving the sustainability of agriculture relativeto existing chemical based production systems, fail inenabling a fully (...)
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  4.  13
    Transgenic Crops in Argentina: The Ecological and Social Debt.Walter A. Pengue - 2005 - Bulletin of Science, Technology and Society 25 (4):314-322.
    There is no doubt that soybean is the most important crop for Argentina, with a planted surface that rose 11,000,000 hectares and a production of around 35,000,000 metric tons. During the 1990s, there was a significant agriculture transformation in the country, motorize by the adoption of transgenic crops (soy-bean, maize, and cotton) under the no-tillage system. The expansion of this model has been spread not only in the Pampas but also in very rich areas with high biodiversity, opening a (...)
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  5.  55
    Are Transgenic Organisms Unnatural?D. R. Cooley & Gary Goreham - 2004 - Ethics and the Environment 9 (1):46-55.
    : The introduction of transgenic organisms into agriculture has raised a firestorm of controversy. Many view the technology as a pathway to a much better future society, whereas others condemn it for endangering people and the environment. One defective argument against transgenics is the Unnatural Is Unethical argument (UIU). UIU attempts to prove if transgenic organisms are unnatural and all unnatural things are morally bad, then transgenics are morally bad. However, the argument fails once it is shown that (...)
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  6. Transgenic Animals: Ethical and Animal Welfare Concerns.Michael Fox - 1990 - In Peter Wheale & Ruth McNally (eds.), The Bio-Revolution : Cornucopia or Pandora’s Box? Pluto Press.
     
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  7.  12
    Transgenic Crops and Sustainable Agriculture in the European Context.Luigi Ponti - 2005 - Bulletin of Science, Technology and Society 25 (4):289-305.
    The rapid adoption of transgenic crops in the United States, Argentina, and Canada stands in strong contrast to the situation in the European Union (EU), where a de facto moratorium has been in place since 1998. This article reviews recent scientific literature relevant to the problematic introduction of transgenic crops in the EU to assess if there are specific reasons why transgenic crops have a potentially greater adverse impact on sustainable agriculture in the EU context than elsewhere. (...)
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  8.  15
    Transgenic mice.Heiner Westphal - 1987 - Bioessays 6 (2):73-76.
    Transgenic mice constitute an entirely new dimension of mammalian molecular genetics. They allow us to observe genes at work in the intact organism. Virtually every sector of biomedical research is likely to be affected.
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  9.  32
    Transgenic Animals, Biomedical Experiments, and "Progress".Kay Peggs - 2013 - Journal of Animal Ethics 3 (1):41-56.
    By conducting a critical discourse analysis of a scientific research article that claims additional potential for using transgenic marmosets in biomedical experiments, this article critiques instrumental approaches to scientific progress as they are expressed in scientific research that uses nonhuman animal experiments. Following an analysis that focuses on issues associated with access to publication, assertions about scientific breakthrough and scientific facts, and the construction of science as impartial, the article concludes that manipulating the genetics of nonhuman animals to engineer (...)
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  10.  23
    Transgenic animal studies on the evolution of genetic regulatory circuitries.Douglas R. Cavener - 1992 - Bioessays 14 (4):237-244.
    The ability to transfer genes from one species to another provides a powerful method to study genetic regulatory differences between species in a homogeneous genetic background. A survey of several transgenic animal experiments indicates that the vast majority of regulatory differences observed between species are due to differences in the cis‐acting elements associated with the genes under study. A corollary is that in almost all cases the host species provides the necessary regulatory proteins for expression of the transgenes in (...)
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  11.  6
    Transgenic Crops to Address Third World Hunger? A Critical Analysis.Peter M. Rosset - 2005 - Bulletin of Science, Technology and Society 25 (4):306-313.
    Industry and mainstream research and policy institutions often suggest that transgenic crop varieties can raise the productivity of poor third world farmers, feed the hungry, and reduce poverty. These claims are critically evaluated by examining global-hunger data, the constraints that affect the productivity of small farmers in the third world, and the factors that explain their poverty. No significant role is found for crop genetics in determining hunger, productivity, or poverty, casting doubt on the ability of new transgenic (...)
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  12.  31
    Transgenic mice in the study of immunology.Charles Bieberich & George Scangos - 1986 - Bioessays 4 (6):245-248.
  13. Transgenics.Nancy L. Jones & Linda Bevington - forthcoming - Cutting-Edge Bioethics.
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  14.  35
    A “Transgenic Dinner”? Social and Ethical Issues in Biotechnology and Agriculture.Laura Westra - 2008 - Journal of Social Philosophy 24 (3):215-232.
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  15.  19
    Against Transgenic Animals.Gary L. Comstock - 2000 - In L. Comstock Gary (ed.), Vexing Nature?: On the Ethical Case Against Agricultural Biotechnology. Boston: Kluwer. pp. 95-138.
    When I wrote “The Case Against bGH” in the late 1980s, I enjoyed eating meat, enjoyed serving it to my family, and believed one could simultaneously defend traditional family farms and the welfare of animals. Shortly after finishing that article, I read again, and more carefully, Tom Regan’s The Case for Animal Rights. 2 Regan’s arguments challenged my presuppositions.
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  16.  17
    Transgenics and Morality.Ian Betteridge - 1994 - Philosophy Now 9:5-7.
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  17.  14
    What transgenic mice tell us about neurodegenerative disease.Mark E. Gurney - 2000 - Bioessays 22 (3):297-304.
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  18.  54
    Social Exclusion and Transgenic Technology: The Case of Brazilian Agriculture.Jeremy Hall, Stelvia Matos & Cooper H. Langford - 2008 - Journal of Business Ethics 77 (1):45-63.
    Many argue that transgenic technology will have wide-ranging implications for farmers in developing nations. A key concern is that competencies may be destroyed by predominantly foreign multinational transgenic technologies, exacerbating problems of social exclusion in the case of subsistence farmers. Conversely, those that fail to adopt the technology may become uncompetitive, particularly in commodity-based export markets. Drawing on interview data conducted in Brazil and supporting data collected in North America, Europe and China, we found that the impact of (...)
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  19.  64
    We have always been transgenic.Steve Baker & Carol Gigliotti - 2006 - AI and Society 20 (1):35-48.
    This dialogue concerns the nature of ethical responsibility in contemporary art practice, and its relation to questions of creativity; the role of writing in shaping the perception of transgenic art and related practices; and the problems that may be associated with trusting artists to act with integrity in the unchartered waters of their enthusiastic engagement with genetic technologies.
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  20.  42
    Transgenic Chimeras.Mark Sagoff - 2003 - American Journal of Bioethics 3 (3):30-31.
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  21.  56
    Creation and Use of Transgenic Animals in Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Research.Catherine M. Klein - 2007 - Journal of Philosophical Research 32 (9999):7-26.
    The creation of transgenic animals has application in the following areas of pharmaceutical and biomedical research: the production of biopharmaceuticals for human use; the production of organs for xenotransplantation; and the generation of animal models for human genetic diseases. Nuclear transfer technology offers a more precise and efficient way of performing genetic modification and creating transgenic animals than the more traditional method of pronuclear microinjection. This paper will review nuclear transfer as ameans of producing transgenic animals; introduce (...)
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  22.  74
    Traditional Mexican Agricultural Systems and the Potential Impacts of Transgenic Varieties on Maize Diversity.Mauricio R. Bellon & Julien Berthaud - 2006 - Agriculture and Human Values 23 (1):3-14.
    The discovery of transgenes in maize landraces in Mexico, a center of diversity for this crop, raises questions about the potential impact of transgene diffusion on maize diversity. The concept of diversity and farmers’ role in maintaining diversity is quite complex. Farmers’ behavior is expected to have a significant influence on causing transgenes to diffuse, to be expressed differently, and to accumulate within landraces. Farmers’ or consumers’ perceptions that transgenes are “contaminants” and that landraces containing transgenes are “contaminated” could cause (...)
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  23. The moral considerability of invasive transgenic animals.Benjamin Hale - 2006 - Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics 19 (4):337-366.
    The term moral considerability refers to the question of whether a being or set of beings is worthy of moral consideration. Moral considerability is most readily afforded to those beings that demonstrate the clearest relationship to rational humans, though many have also argued for and against the moral considerability of species, ecosystems, and “lesser” animals. Among these arguments there are at least two positions: “environmentalist” positions that tend to emphasize the systemic relations between species, and “liberationist” positions that tend to (...)
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  24.  27
    Transgenic Crops: Implications for Biodiversity and Sustainable Agriculture.Miguel A. Altieri & Maria Alice Garcia - 2005 - Bulletin of Science, Technology and Society 25 (4):335-353.
    The potential for genetically modified (GM) crops to threaten biodiversity conservation and sustainable agriculture is substantial. Megadiverse countries and centers of origin and/or diversity of crop species are particularly vulnerable regions. The future of sustainable agriculture may be irreversibly jeopardized by contamination of in situ preserved genetic resources threatening a strategic resource for the world—s food security. Because GM crops are truly biological novelties, their release into the environment poses concerns about the unpredictable ecological and evolutionary responses that GM species (...)
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  25.  40
    Transgenic Life: Controlling Mutation.Melinda Cooper - 2001 - Theory and Event 5 (3).
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  26.  13
    Transgenic Drosophila as an In vivo model for studying mammalian drug metabolism.Trevor Jowett - 1991 - Bioessays 13 (12):683-689.
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  27. The Transgenic Thai Papaya story: A Milestone Towards Thailand Becoming a Biotech Crop Country.Pahol Kosiyachinda & Metinee Srivatanakul - 2008 - In Darryl R. J. Macer (ed.), Asia-Pacific Perspectives on Biotechnology and Bioethics. UNESCO Bangkok. pp. 1898.
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  28.  24
    The vagaries of variegating transgenes.David I. K. Martin & Emma Whitelaw - 1996 - Bioessays 18 (11):919-923.
    Expression of transgenes in mice, when examined with assays that can distinguish individual cells, is often found to be heterocellular, or variegated. Line‐to‐line variations in expression of a transgene may be due largely to differences in the proportion of cells in which it is expressed. Variegated silencing by centromeric heterochromatin is well described, but other factors may also affect transgene silencing in mice. Tandem arrays of transgenes themselves form heterochromatin, and some cell lineages may tend to silence transgenes because of (...)
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  29.  24
    Multidrug resistant transgenic mice as a novel pharmacologic tool.Gerald H. Mickisch, Ira Pastan & Michael M. Gottesman - 1991 - Bioessays 13 (8):381-387.
    Multidrug resistance resulting from expression of an energy‐dependent drug efflux pump encoded by the human MDR1 gene is a major impediment to effective cancer therapy. Pharmacologic intervention aimed at inhibiting this multidrug transporter should improve existing chemotherapy of human cancer, but drug development has been delayed by the difficulty and expense of developing valid animal models. Using recombinant DNA technology, a transgenic mouse has been engineered whose bone marrow is protected from the toxic effects of chemotherapy by expression of (...)
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  30.  29
    (1 other version)Transgenic organisms and the failure of a free market argument.D. R. Cooley - 2004 - Business Ethics: A European Review 13 (4):354-371.
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  31.  33
    Biotechnology and Transgenics in Agriculture and Aquaculture: The Perspective from Ecosystem Integrity.Laura Westra - 1998 - Environmental Values 7 (1):79-96.
    New agricultural technologies are often justified morally in terms of their expected benefits, e.g., feeding the world's hungry. Such justifications stand or fall, not only on whether such benefits are indeed forthcoming, but on whether or not they are outweighed by attendant dangers. The practical details of easch case are, therefore, all-important. In this paper agriculture and aquaculture are examined from the perspective of ecosystem integrity, and with further reference to the uncertain effects of anthropogenic changes in the earth's atmosphere. (...)
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  32.  38
    Practical moral codes in the transgenic organism debate.D. R. Cooley, Gary Goreham & George A. Youngs - 2003 - Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics 17 (6):517-544.
    In one study funded by the United States Department of Agriculture, people from North Dakota were interviewed to discover which moral principles they use in evaluating the morality of transgenic organisms and their introduction into markets. It was found that although the moral codes the human subjects employed were very similar, their views on transgenics were vastly different. In this paper, the codes that were used by the respondents are developed, compared to that of the academically composed Belmont Report, (...)
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  33.  14
    Transgenic organisms and some legal ethics.D. R. Cooley - 2004 - Public Affairs Quarterly 18 (2):91-110.
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  34.  65
    “The moral difference between intragenic and transgenic modification of plants”.Bjørn K. Myskja - 2006 - Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics 19 (3):225-238.
    Public policy on the development and use of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) has mainly been concerned with defining proper strategies of risk management. However, surveys and focus group interviews show that although lay people are concerned with risks, they also emphasize that genetic modification is ethically questionable in itself. Many people feel that this technology “tampers with nature” in an unacceptable manner. This is often identified as an objection to the crossing of species borders in producing transgenic organisms. Most (...)
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  35.  31
    Dolly: a New Form of Transgenic Breedwealth.Clare Palmer - 1997 - Environmental Values 6 (4):427-437.
    Public debate in Britain surrounding the cloning of Dolly the sheep has primarily focused on the legitimacy of cloning humans, not sheep. This bracketing of the human question relies on a distinction between humans and animals belied by the very constitution of transgenic animals who are made with human DNA, such as Polly. Moreover, the ways in which human beings think about, manipulate and classify animals have distinct cultural consequences, for example in relation to cultural understandings of life, property, (...)
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  36.  55
    A quantitative safety assessment model for transgenic protein products produced in agricultural crops.John A. Howard & Kirby C. Donnelly - 2004 - Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics 17 (6):545-558.
    Transgenic plants are now being used to develop pharmaceutical and industrial products in addition to their use in crop improvement. Using confinement requirements, these transgenic plants are grown and processed under conditions that prevent intermixing with commodity crops. Regulatory agencies in the United States have provided guidance of zero tolerance of these new industrial crops with commodity crops. While this is a worthy goal, it is theoretically unattainable. In spite of the best containment practices, there is a potential (...)
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  37.  17
    The genetics of Drosophila transgenics.Gregg Roman - 2004 - Bioessays 26 (11):1243-1253.
    In Drosophila, the genetic approach is still the method of choice for answering fundamental questions on cell biology, signal transduction, development, physiology and behavior. In this approach, a gene's function is ascertained by altering either the amount or quality of the gene product, and then observing the consequences. The genetic approach is itself polymorphous, encompassing new and more complex techniques that typically employ the growing collections of transgenes. The keystone of these modern Drosophila transgenic techniques has been the Gal4 (...)
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  38. The concept of intrinsic value and transgenic animals.H. Verhoog - 1992 - Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics 5 (2):147-160.
    The creation of transgenic animals by means of modern techniques of genetic manipulation is evaluated in the light of different interpretations of the concept of intrinsic value. The zoocentric interpretation, emphasizing the suffering of individual, sentient animals, is described as an extension of the anthropocentric interpretation. In a biocentric or ecocentric approach the concept of intrinsic value first of all denotes independence of humans and a non-instrumental relation to animals. In the zoocentric approach of Bernard Rollin, genetic engineering is (...)
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  39.  34
    Biosafety, Ethics, and Regulation of Transgenic Animals.Raymond Anthony & Paul B. Thompson - 2004 - In . Humana Press. pp. 183-206.
    Transgenic animals—animals with genes added to their deoxyribonucleic acid —will no longer be limited by the gene pool of their parents. Such animals are slated to be created expressly to provide vital and novel benefits for human beings. These animals can have desirable characteristics or traits from virtually any gene pool and may also possess properties not present in nature or available through conventional breeding. They will be created for the production of new medical and pharmaceutical products and to (...)
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  40.  35
    Teddy bears, Tarnagotchis, transgenic mice.Dagmar Schmauks - 2000 - Sign Systems Studies 28:309-324.
    The expression "artificial animal" denotes a range of different objects from teddy bears to the results of genetic engineering. As a basis for further investigation, this article first of all presents the main interpretations and traces their systematic interconnections. The subsequent sections concentrate on artificial animals in the context of play. The development of material toys is fueled by robotics. It gives toys artificial sense organs, limbs, and cognitive abilities, thus enabling them to act in the real world. The second (...)
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  41.  17
    Intellectual Property Right of Transgenic Crops and Right to Work: Bioethical Challenges in Rural Communities.Bahareh Heydari & Najmeh Razmkhah - 2014 - Bangladesh Journal of Bioethics 5 (2):49-60.
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  42.  59
    Patenting and Transgenic Organisms.Jim Wishloff - 2003 - Techné: Research in Philosophy and Technology 6 (3):176-180.
  43.  64
    Transgenic Maize and Mexican Maize Diversity: Risky Synergy? [REVIEW]Daniela Soleri & David A. Cleveland - 2006 - Agriculture and Human Values 23 (1):27-31.
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  44.  25
    Technological risks, transgenic agriculture and alternatives.Pablo Rubén Mariconda - 2014 - Scientiae Studia 12 (SPE):75-104.
    After discussing the transformation of age-old agricultural practices that has been occurring since the mid nineteenth century, and its impact on the natural environment, I identify four features of technology that point to the ambiguity of the idea of "technological progress". These are linked to the intrinsic unpredictability of technological applications and have implications for evaluating technological risks. I then show that large scale technological applications and innovations - such as expanding the practice of smallpox inoculation in the second half (...)
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  45. Be/holding each other : transgenic invisibilities, anomaly, and subjectivity in the GFP bunny project.Malin Palani - 2018 - In Sarah Bezan & James Tink (eds.), Seeing animals after Derrida. Lanham: Lexington Books.
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  46.  11
    The Myth of Coexistence: Why Transgenic Crops Are Not Compatible With Agroecologically Based Systems of Production.Miguel A. Altieri - 2005 - Bulletin of Science, Technology and Society 25 (4):361-371.
    The coexistence of genetically modified (GM) crops and non-GM crops is a myth because the movement of transgenes beyond their intended destinations is a certainty, and this leads to genetic contamination of organic farms and other systems. It is unlikely that transgenes can be retracted once they have escaped, thus the damage to the purity of non-GM seeds is permanent. The dominant GM crops have the potential to reduce biodiversity further by increasing agricultural intensification. There are also potential risks to (...)
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  47.  14
    Mammary gland neoplasia: insights from transgenic mouse models.Peter M. Siegel, William R. Hardy & William J. Muller - 2000 - Bioessays 22 (6):554-563.
    Current theories of breast cancer progression have been greatly influenced by the development and refinement of mouse transgenic and gene targeting technologies. Early transgenic mouse models confirmed the involvement of oncogenes, previously implicated in human breast cancer, by establishing a causal relationship between overexpression or activation of these genes and mammary tumorigenesis. More recently, the importance of genes located at sites of loss of heterozygosity in human breast cancer have been examined in mice by their targeted disruption via (...)
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  48.  17
    The Sociocultural and Food Security Impacts of Genetic Pollution via Transgenic Crops of Traditional Varieties in Latin American Centers of Peasant Agriculture.Miguel A. Altieri - 2003 - Bulletin of Science, Technology and Society 23 (5):350-359.
    The introduction of transgenic crops into centers of diversity or areas dominated by traditional agriculture threatens genetic diversity as well as indigenous knowledge and culture. It is further argued that the impacts go beyond genetic changes in heterogeneous native crop varieties to embrace effects on evolutionary processes such as gene flow between native crops and wild relatives, and erosion of local knowledge systems such as folk taxonomies and selection of varieties that thrive in marginal environments in which resourcepoor farmers (...)
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  49.  19
    Precaution as an Approach to Technology Development: The Case of Transgenic Crops.David E. Ervin & Rick Welsh - 2006 - Science, Technology, and Human Values 31 (2):153-172.
    The commercialization of transgenic crops has engendered significant resistance from environmental groups and defensive responses from industry. A part of this struggle entails the politicization of science as groups gather evidence from the scholarly literature to defend a supportive or opposing position to transgenic crop commercialization. The authors argue that novel technology development and associated scientific uncertainty have led to two competing approaches to risk management: precaution and ex post trial and error. In this paper we use the (...)
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  50. Research with transgenic animals: obligations and issues.Gary Comstock - 1998 - Journal of Biolaw and Business 2 (1):51-55.
     
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