Differences and trends in the discourse of memory in France have been consistent since the publication by Henri Bergson of Matter and Memory in 1896. In History, Memory and Forgetting published in 2000, Ricœur’s approach goes further than Bergson, Durkheim and Halbwachs. The memory issue in Ricœur is closely linked to a “hermeneutics of the self” that he already introduced in Oneself as Another in 1990. It seems that the traditional paradigm between individual and collective memory has been replaced by (...) the affirmation of the dialogical nature of memory related to the dialogical nature of being a self and an other. (shrink)

These two volumes provide a completely new translation of the philosophical works of Descartes, based on the best available Latin and French texts. They are intended to replace the only reasonably comprehensive selection of his works in English, by Haldane and Ross, first published in 1911. All the works included in that edition are translated here, together with a number of additional texts crucial for an understanding of Cartesian philosophy, including important material from Descartes? scientific writings. The result should meet (...) the widespread demand for an accurate and authoritative edition of Descartes? philosophical writings in clear and readable modern English. (shrink)

Cette introduction invite à décadrer et à recadrer la thématique de l’effondrement, popularisée et médiatisée par la théorie dite « collapsologie », vers le plan des acteurs, des terrains, des temporalités, et des régimes d’énonciation. Nous appelons à documenter empiriquement ce que fait l’effondrement, et ce qu’en font celles et ceux à qui cette idée « fait » quelque chose. En effet, l’effondrisme pose la question des façons de se positionner non pas uniquement par rapport à une théorie, mais également (...) par rapport à des expériences individuelles et collectives. Le dossier vise à comprendre comment la réception de la « collapsologie » donne lieu à des jeux complexes entre désemparement et capacités d’agir. L’atterrissage sur un sol anthropocénique de plus en plus critique mérite une décisive discussion collective. L’hypothèse de cette majeure est que les expériences effondristes ont une valeur d’expérimentation à cet égard, notamment en créant un zone discursive et praxique où des cultures et des expériences politiques différentes sont amenées à se rencontrer et à collaborer. (shrink)

A comunicação situa-se na continuação do estudo apresentado ao II Congresso Internacional da AFFEN, intitulado A vida e o humano em Heidegger: a ontologia heideggeriana na aurora de uma biopolítica, e pretende considerar as consequência, na filosofia de Heidegger na transição entre os anos 20 e 30, do seu afastamento em relação ao conceito de vida. Ver-se-á como é este afastamento, determinado pela meditação em tomo do pensamento de Ernst Jünger e pela confrontação com o biologismo nacional-socialista, que conduz àquilo (...) a que se poderia chamar uma transformação interior da abordagem heideggeriana da essência do humano, e da sua determinação como ser-no-mundo. Uma tal transformação acontece em três passos fundamentais: 1. urna “radicalização filosófica” - para usar os terinos de Jean Grondin - do conceito de finitude (1929); 2. um enraizamento da não-verdade na essência da verdade (1930); 3. a transformação do conceito de mundo em pólo da unidade constituída pela relação agónica entre terra e mundo (1935). Através desta transformação, Heidegger confronta-se com a meditação jüngeriana acerca da “mobilização total” do mundo, surgindo assim a sua história do ser como a representação de um processo no qual o ser abandona o ente, a terra é destruída e o mundo é despojado de terra. Numa tal história, marcada, numa perspectiva geral, por aquilo a que Heidegger chama a “fuga dos deuses”, dir-se-ia que tudo no ente fica exposto e que o mundo - sendo aquilo que, no aparecer do ente, não aparece e se encobre enquanto condição do próprio aparecimento - chega ao fim. Heidegger apresenta então o fim do mundo, através do seu pensar de uma história do ser, para o recusar e resistir contra ele. O salto da “história do ser” para um “outro início” da história, aquilo a que Heribert Boeder chama o “pensar apocalíptico” constitutivo da meditação modema heideggeriana, traduz assim um recuo de Heidegger diante do fim do mundo. (shrink)

Este trabalho discorre considerações acerca das relações entre a educação patrimonial e o ensino de história - dentro de uma perspectiva transversal, a partir de uma ação educativa com alunos e alunas da educação básica no Museu do Colégio Mauá, situado em Santa Cruz do Sul. Amostra desta pesquisa, uma turma de sexto ano do ensino fundamental da Escola Estadual de Educação Básica Estado de Goiás composta por 25 alunos e alunas apresentou, previamente, suas expectativas quanto à visitação do espaço (...) museal. Realizada a visita ao museu, estes alunos e alunas apresentaram suas considerações acerca da experiência pedagógica vivenciada. A análise das prévias concepções e dos relatos posteriores à visitação são objeto das discussões deste trabalho. Tal atividade propiciou a materialização dos conceitos teóricos trabalhados previamente em sala de aula e reflexões acerca de aspectos históricos constitutivos da região a partir das seleções das peças expostas. (shrink)

Note du traducteur: La transcription rend fidèlement l’orthographe de l’inédit autographe de Helmholtz, et cela jusqu’à l’oubli du « t » dans le mot « nicht », erreur que l’auteur ne semble pas avoir remarquée ou à laquelle il ne devait pas accorder d’importance, vu qu’il s’agissait, probablement, d’une ébauche très avancée du rapport qui aurait dû, ou pu, être copiée, après correction, pour l’envoi en Italie.Dans la transcription ainsi que dans la traduction, l’espace laissé en blanc d’une...

This study examined the effect of the pique technique preceded by a disrupting process. Passersby in the street were asked for money, either for a common amount of change (control) or 37 cents (pique technique). In half of the cases, the requester added a disrupting sentence at the beginning of the request. Results showed that the pique technique alone and the disrupting technique alone increased compliance with the request. Adding a first disrupting sentence to the pique also increased compliance compared (...) with the other three conditions. These results support the theoretical explanation that the initial disrupting sentence associated with the pique could reduce the influence of the refusal script activated by the money request. (shrink)

O texto versa sobre alguns desafios encontrados no ensino da disciplina de Filosofia no cenário da educação básica brasileira. Aborda questões levantadas por pesquisadores nesta área que são corroboradas por experiência própria na docência em Filosofia. O objetivo aqui é refletir sobre as dificuldades encontradas no sentido de buscar conciliar a especificidade da Filosofia enquanto área do saber e a complexidade de seu ensino no nível médio. Trata-se de uma pesquisa bibliográfica, agregada com a experiência de acompanhamento dos estágios supervisionados (...) do curso Licenciatura em Filosofia (UNIFRA) e da Coordenação do Programa Institucional de Bolsa de Iniciação à Docência (PIBID/CAPES/UNIFRA) na área de Filosofia. (shrink)

Este artigo tem por objetivo analisar o projeto arquitetônico de fundamentação da ética do discurso desenvolvido por Karl-Otto Apel, a partir da década de 70. Pretendemos mostrar que Apel, a partir da linguagem, buscará desenvolver uma ética da responsabilidade para a sociedade global. Neste sentido, a linguagem enquanto médium intransponível de toda reflexão teórica e prática fundamenta uma intersubjetividade, que torna possível uma ética do acordo mútuo. Esta ética buscará dar conta, não apenas do plano normativo, mas, levará em consideração, (...) também, o âmbito prático de fundamentação. (shrink)

Recently, for spinless non-relativistic particles, Norsen and Norsen et al. show that in the de Broglie–Bohm interpretation it is possible to replace the wave function in the configuration space by single-particle wave functions in physical space. In this paper, we show that this replacment of the wave function in the configuration space by single-particle functions in the 3D-space is also possible for particles with spin, in particular for the particles of the EPR-B experiment, the Bohm version of the Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen experiment.

Does the centralization of the Web change both the diffusion of knowledge and the philosophical definition of knowledge itself? By exploring the origins of the Semantic Web in the philosophy of Carnap and of Google’s machine learning approach in Heidegger, we demonstrate that competing philosophical schools are deeply embedded in artificial intelligence and its evolution in the Web. Finally, we conclude that a decentralized approach to knowledge is necessary in order to bring the Web to its full potential as project (...) for the spread of human autonomy. (shrink)

Examina-se as posições teórico-práticas de Maquiavel e sua contraposição à moralidade tradicional, a fim de entender como se estrutura a sua nova proposta ética. A novidade está pautada nas categorias políticas da conveniência e da aparência: admite-se recorrer a todos os meios necessários para atingir os fins estabelecidos, e para manter-se no poder, obter a honra e a glória, não importa aquilo que o Príncipe é, mas o que aparenta ser perante os súditos e aliados. Disto decorre a necessidade de (...) um Príncipe com o pulso firme e que defenda, sem medir esforços, a integridade e o bem-estar seu povo. A moral do governante será dirigida pela situação política e não pelo ideal de governante universal, abstrato e perfeito. O poder político tem uma origem mundana, nasce da própria malignidade que é intrínseca à natureza humana, mas se constitui, ainda que de modo precário e transitório, como a única possibilidade de enfrentar o conflito. Enfim, cabe ao Príncipe a utilização de um conjunto de expedientes e técnicas capazes de assegurar a máxima eficácia na preservação do Estado e na conservação de sua suprema finalidade - ordem e harmonia. (shrink)

Richard Rorty’s philosophy of mind is the foundation for its neo-pragmatism thought. This may seem strange at first sight, however, when taking a closer look we can find the links between them. When Richard Rorty first writes Philosophy and the Mirror of Nature, he was not just establishing a justification for pragmatism and/or for the foundations of a new epistemology; in fact, Rorty was creating the foundations of thinking about the role of humanities in the construction of modern man. This (...) means that Richard Rorty is delivering the conditions to think seriously about human consciousness, about human mind and, therefore, to think about the role of men (its implications in the development of) and society. (shrink)

Previous studies have demonstrated that double phosphorylation of a protein can lead to bistability if some conditions are fulfilled. It was also shown that the signaling behavior of a covalent modification cycle can be quantitatively and, more importantly, qualitatively modified when this cycle is coupled to a signaling pathway as opposed to being isolated. This property was named retroactivity. These two results are studied together in this paper showing the existence of interesting phenomena—oscillations and bistability—in signaling cascades possessing at least (...) one stage with a double-phosphorylation cycle as in MAPK cascades. (shrink)

É legítimo nos perguntarmos sobre o estatuto próprio da filosofia em sua generalidade? Penso que não. No entanto, creio ainda ser legítimo nestes nosso tempo ultramoderno nos questionarmos acerca do espírito de nossa era ou ao menos de uma filosofia específica que nos diga muito a respeito de nós mesmos e de nosso período histórico. Afunilando mais este mote pergunto: qual o espírito da filosofia kantiana? Kant, como todos sabem, é o responsável pela virada teórica na filosofia moderna, re-significando-a de (...) modo a separar o que ele chama de dogmas e conhecimento, daquilo que é mero pensamento. Desse modo, proponho uma investigação acerca do espírito da filosofia kantiana, a partir de uma grande pista dada pelo próprio autor para tal, a saber, o conceito de filosofia, contido em sua Lógica de 1800. Com isso, pretendo mostrar que a filosofia kantiana em seu espírito não está dissociada da vida cotidiana. (shrink)

Estudo sobre como as revistas “Veja” e “Época” tratam do tema Educação. O corpus da pesquisa foi a leitura de 81 matérias. A pesquisa começa mapeando as condições de produção das revistas, identificando alguns intelectuais orgânicos. Alcançou que as revistas defendem a meritocracia, a participação empresarial na educação, dissociam a valorização do docente da melhoria da educação formal, etc. E o mais importante, fazem tudo isso sob um véu de neutralidade e imparcialidade.

This collection of six essays centers on Professor Koyre;'s great theme: the relative importance of metaphysics and observation, with controlled experiment a kind of marriage between the two. Professor Koyre;'s thesis might be summed up as a claim that when one is seeking to explain the scientific revolution, attention must be concentrated on the philosophical outlook of the scientist and away from speculative theories. At the time of his death, Alexandre Koyre; was a professor at the Ecole Pratique des (...) Hautes Études (Sorbonne) and a memeber of the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton. (shrink)

Alexandre Koyré. of the fixed stars is infinite commit a contradiction in adjecto. In truth, an infinite body cannot be comprehended by thought. For the concepts of the mind concerning the infinite are either about the meaning oftheterm "infinite,"  ...

The analysis of the circumstances in which Alexander Luria came to send letters to Kurt Goldstein sheds some light on the historical context of their existence. The documents show how strongly Luria and some of his colleagues were interested in Goldstein’s works in the early 1930s. These documents dating from the post Second World War years also testify to the beginning of the more than purely professional relationship between the two recognized neurologists (or neuropsychologists).

The work of Henri Bergson, the foremost French philosopher of the early twentieth century, is not usually explored for its political dimensions. Indeed, Bergson is best known for his writings on time, evolution, and creativity. This book concentrates instead on his political philosophy—and especially on his late masterpiece, _The Two Sources of Morality and Religion_—from which Alexandre Lefebvre develops an original approach to human rights. We tend to think of human rights as the urgent international project of protecting all (...) people everywhere from harm. Bergson shows us that human rights can also serve as a medium of personal transformation and self-care. For Bergson, the main purpose of human rights is to initiate all human beings into love. Forging connections between human rights scholarship and philosophy as self-care, Lefebvre uses human rights to channel the whole of Bergson's philosophy. (shrink)

Cet ouvrage d'histoire des idées et de philosophie des sciences rassemble plusieurs études dont le point commun est d'analyser les conséquences majeures de la découverte scientifique de l'infini. Ainsi, Alexandre Koyré montre comment la révolution galiléenne ou la découverte du calcul infinitésimal par Leibniz et Newton ont profondément modifié la conscience qu'a l'homme de lui-même et de sa place dans l'univers.

The Image of Law is the first book to examine law through the work of Gilles Deleuze, activating his thought within problems of jurisprudence and developing a concept of judgment that acknowledges its inherently creative capacity.

Alexandre Koyré a réuni trois ans avant sa mort (1964) ces Etudes d'histoire de la pensée philosophique. On retrouve ici la curiosité inlassable de l'auteur des Etudes newtoniennes, qui nous livre une histoire de la pensée philosophique de Zénon à Martin Heidegger, de Spinoza à Condorcet et à Louis de Bonald. L'auteur aborde à la fois les questions sur le vide et l'espace infini au XIVe siècle, celles sur le temps d'après la Logique d'Iéna, dont la doctrine inspirera la (...) phénoménologie de Husserl, de Heidegger et de Sartre, et d'autres sur la langue et la terminologie hégéliennes. (shrink)

Depersonalization consists in a deep modification of the way things appear to a subject, leading him to feel estranged from his body, his actions, his thoughts, and his mind, and even from himself. Even though, when it was discovered at the end of the 19th century, this psychiatric condition was widely used to probe certain aspects of bodily awareness, and more specifically the sense of bodily ownership (SBO), it has been strangely neglected in contemporary debates. In this chapter, I argue (...) that because of three specific features, depersonalization raises some important challenges for current theories of the SBO. The first feature — call it “generality” — is that depersonalization does not only affect the sense of bodily ownership but also, typically, the sense of ``mental ownership’’ (SMO), the sense of agency or ``action ownership’’ (SOA), and the subject’s core sense of herself (CSS), that is, her awareness of herself as an I. The second feature is that except for the symptoms of depersonalization, depersonalized patients are hard to distinguish, psychologically, from normal subjects. This makes it hard to find psychological features that might explain their condition. The last feature, call it “fundamentality” is that the psychological features that do seem abnormal among depersonalized patients seem more likely to be explained by depersonalization than to explain it. These three features raise three challenges — the centrality challenge, the dissociation challenge, and the grounding challenge. Taken together, I will argue, these challenges suggest that the SBO depends on a form of phenomenal “mineness” that would mark my mental states as mine and that cannot be accounted for in sensorimotor, cognitive, or even affective terms. A phenomenal mineness that indeed seems to be psychologically primitive, and only accountable in neurophysiological terms. (shrink)

This article investigates several discussions of “chemistry,” understood as an analysts’ category referring to theories and practices dealing with the structure and transformation of matter. By reading these texts (a treatise defending kīmiyāʾ by al-Fārābī, the famous passage from Ibn Sīnā’s Shifāʾ on transmutation, Ibn Taymiyyah’s fatwā against kīmiyāʾ, Michael Psellos’s treatise On Making Gold, and the same author’s Accusation against a sitting Patriarch of Constantinople), the article aims to lay the groundwork for integrating the historiography of Byzantine and Arabic (...) alchemy into a wider western Eurasian intellectual history. (shrink)

Cet article propose une analyse croisée du discours médical sur la masturbation et sur la lecture en France au XVIIIe siècle. Son but est d’interroger la construction de la définition « naturalisante » des qualités attribuées à l’un et l’autre sexe. A partir de traités physiologiques sur les maladies des femmes, la réflexion porte sur trois points principaux. Pourquoi la lecture et la masturbation sont-ils devenus des problèmes médicaux? Comment un médecin neutralise-t-il le danger, pour une femme, de lire un (...) traité sur un sujet tel que la masturbation? Comment le discours sur la lecture et la masturbation fonctionne-t-il comme système discriminant entre les sexes? (shrink)

Historien d'origine russe, Alexandre Koyré (1892-1964) est l'une de ces personnalités exceptionnelles dont les découvertes et les audaces ont profondément marqué l'évolution des idées au XXe siècle. Année par année, de 1922 à 1962, ce recueil nous fait suivre son itinéraire intellectuel à travers les enseignements qu'il donna à l'Ecole pratique des hautes études à Paris et aux Etats-Unis. Il nous permet de mieux comprendre le combat de Koyré pour faire de l'histoire des sciences le coeur même d'une histoire (...) de la pensée humaine, préfigurant aussi bien l'extraordinaire développement de cette discipline depuis un demi-siècle que l'anthropologie historique. Pietro Redondi a largement enrichi le contenu de ce livre à l'occasion de sa réédition, trente ans après sa première parution. Avec une nouvelle présentation, des textes inédits, un index et de nombreuses illustrations, ce volume offre ainsi la meilleure introduction à l'oeuvre de Koyré. (shrink)

This paper focuses on one particular case that connects climate justice and climate economics. Its contribution is twofold. First, it aims at providing a sound normative foundation for carbon pricing mechanisms around the notions of a ‘right to energy’, the ‘duty not-to-harm’ and an argument for ‘restricted compensation’. Second, it identifies the normative elements from theories of climate justice that should guide the design of market-based instruments for climate change mitigation. This will cast light on the particular moral relevance of (...) the act of internalizing a negative externality and of the funds generated by putting a price on carbon. (shrink)

" Alexandre est la joie. Celui qui n'a pas rencontré la joie, n'a pas rencontré Alexandre ", écrit Bernard Campan en ouverture de ce livre. A travers des extraits d'entretiens radiophoniques menés avec notamment Albert Jacquard et d'une conférence sur le thème de la résilience, Alexandre Jollien, tel un Socrate du XXIe siècle, fait part de son approche de la philosophie et met en œuvre son talent de passeur. Exégète des textes anciens, amoureux de la dialectique et (...) pédagogue averti, il nous fait comprendre la pensée de Spinoza et nous interroger avec Boèce. En forme d'écho, le comédien et réalisateur Bernard Campan, ami du philosophe suisse, évoque le cheminement de cette amitié sprirituelle avec une infinie délicatesse et une profonde pudeur. (shrink)

One objection to enhancement technologies is that they might lead us to live inauthentic lives. Memory modification technologies (MMTs) raise this worry in a particularly acute manner. In this paper I describe four scenarios where the use of MMTs might be said to lead to an inauthentic life. I then undertake to justify that judgment. I review the main existing accounts of authenticity, and present my own version of what I call a “true self” account (intended as a complement, rather (...) than a substitute, to existing accounts). I briefly describe current and prospective MMTs, distinguishing between memory enhancement and memory editing . Moving then to an assessment of the initial scenarios in the light of the accounts previously described, I argue that memory enhancement does not, by its very nature, raise serious concerns about authenticity. The main threat to authenticity posed by MMTs comes, I suggest, from memory editing. Rejecting as inadequate the worries about identity raised by the President’s Council on Bioethics in Beyond Therapy , I argue instead that memory editing can cause us to live an inauthentic life in two main ways: first, by threatening its truthfulness, and secondly, by interfering with our disposition to respond in certain ways to some past events, when we have reasons to respond in such ways. This consideration allows us to justify the charge of inauthenticity in cases where existing accounts fail. It also gives us a significant moral reason not to use MMTs in ways that would lead to such an outcome. (shrink)