L’auteur examine la manière dont en France la question de l’homoparentalité est traitée. Elle évoque et discute les attendus de jugements qui ont été rendus depuis quelques années sur la question par les tribunaux français.

Caroline New is an energetic activist who has interpolated critical realist ideas into the front-line of political activism. In this wide-ranging interview, she begins by reflecting on her life and how she became a realist and her account is illustrated with personal anecdotes recalling memories of well-known philosophers and activists from the time. She discusses how her position set her apart from other feminists and she examines the interacting threads of longstanding debates on the political left, as well as (...) longstanding debates within critical realist circles, such as the relative importance of quantitative methods in social research and the scope for agency as a source of intentional change. Finally she brings some of her ideas to bear on contemporary issues. This engaging interview notably provides some of the social context in which critical realism developed, while also pointing towards its future potential. (shrink)

The impact of globalization on human rights has generated substantial debate. On the one hand, those making liberal, free-market arguments assert that globalization has a positive impact on developing countries through the increased generation of wealth (e.g., Garrett 1998; Richards et al. in International Studies Quarterly 45:219–239, 2001; Rodrik in Challenge 41:81–94, 1997). On the other hand, the critical perspective claims that globalization negatively impacts respect for human rights because trading arrangements, while open, are detrimentally uneven (e.g., Carleton 1989; Haggard (...) and Maxfield 1996; Stiglitz and Charlton 2005). However, few have looked at the relationship between globalization and respect for economic and social rights. In order to test this relationship, I examine non-OECD countries utilizing two-stage regression analysis to control for investment-selection factors. I find mixed results for the hypothesis that globalization negatively affects respect for economic and social rights. Consistent with Richards et al. (International Studies Quarterly 45:219–239, 2001), I conclude by arguing for the need to disaggregate globalization in order to determine its true effects. (shrink)

The historian Caroline Walker Bynum, who solicited and organized this set of five case studies, explains in her introduction to them that their intent is to bypass the currently popular and unsupported claim that the humanities have practical relevance and, instead, to offer ruminative descriptions of what happens when teachers and students meet to discuss texts and objects. She explains that the essays report in detail on five individual classes in five very different academic settings, in the hope of (...) helping to turn the international anglophone conversation about humanistic education away from utilitarian, presentist, all-inclusive claims and toward a demonstration of what the humanities do in practice. (shrink)

In the first edition of The Gay Science (GS), Nietzsche proposes that we treat knowledge as unconditionally valuable and life as a tragic quest for truth. In the second edition of GS, he seems to retract this proposal, suggesting that we substitute “incipit parodia” for “incipit tragœdia.” But Nietzsche does not say what he means by “parody,” or what role he believes it should play in our evaluative lives. This article proposes that by introducing parody into GS, Nietzsche intends not (...) only to correct the original text by mocking his earlier treatment of science as tragic, but also to designate parody as a basis for new tasks, duties, and values beyond what science can offer. This article speculates that parodic value creation might consist in the imitation of behaviors and practices associated with preexisting values without the reproduction of the beliefs and feelings corresponding to those practices. (shrink)

Based on a contrastive approach that compares the argumentative genre of editorial with the narrative genre of personal narrative across two production modes, single-authored data and data elicited in an editing-based task, this paper examines the impact of genre on the realizations of discourse relations, paying particular attention to the argumentative genre and its preferential realizations of Contrast, Continuation, Elaboration and Explanation/Result. Discourse relations are conceived of as sociocognitive constructs that are encoded in coherence strands and may additionally be signalled (...) overtly with discourse connectives, metacomments and/or pragmatic word order. Quantitative analyses of single-authored and co-constructed data reveal systematic differences in the variation of degrees of overtness between editorials and personal narratives. In the argumentative genre, Explanation, Continuation and Comment tend to be realized with a lower degree of overtness, Elaboration with a higher degree of overtness. Contrast is realized overtly throughout the data, irrespective of genre. (shrink)

Are animals and humans different in kind or only different in degree when it comes to the mental springs of behavior? The source of this question is Charles Darwin's 1871 The Descent of Man, in which he argued for a difference in degree between animals and humans in mental abilities, rather than a difference in kind. Darwin's opponents in the ensuing debate were theologians and scientific traditionalists who insisted upon human specialness when it came to the mind,even if evolution held (...) sway for explaining the body. In this paper I take up the same question, which has not gone away. Representing the continuity thesis is Donald R. Griffin, a zoologist who founded the field of cognitive ethology in the 1980s, and voicing the discontinuity thesis is Raymond Tallis, a neuroscientist and self-described humanist. Tallis's apparent mission is to protect human dignity from the onslaught of writing and research by evolutionary psychologists and sociobiologists, who claim to be demonstrating the evolutionary basis for all human mental capabilities, including higher reasoning and ethics. To raise humans up, Tallis lowers animals down, making disparaging remarks like, "Chimps are chumps." I defend the chimps by finding serious flaws in Tallis's reasoning. Tallis locates the crux ofthe cognitive difference between humans and nonhumans in the linguistic concept of intentionality. I present and counter his charge of a difference in kind by relying on empirical evidence provided by Griffin and others, and on my logical analysis of Tallis's claims. The paper has 3 sections: introduction, first point of argument, second point of argument, and concluding note. (shrink)

Psychologists say a measure has construct validity when it, in fact, measures the construct it is intended to measure. Construct validity is both an important notion in psychological research methods and the source of much confusion and debate among psychologists. I argue that this confusion arises, in part, because of a failure to distinguish between construct validity, a feature of measures relative to a construct, and construct legitimacy, a feature of the construct itself. I propose a prescriptive account of construct (...) validity on the basis of this distinction, then provide evidence for my account through two examples from research psychology. (shrink)

We investigate how the selection of assurance topics and the format of their communication influence the credibility perception of sustainability report readers. This is important because misleading communication may discredit ethical sustainability assurance practices. Based on signaling theory and using an experimental approach, we are the first to examine false credibility signals in the context of sustainability assurance. We find that two variables related to sustainability assurance, reference explicitness and assurance depth, jointly influence the assurance signal and the perceived credibility (...) of a sustainability report. Our findings indicate that readers are not at risk of false signaling but can make incorrect interpretations of the assurance signal and might respond negatively to well-intentioned signals. The main implications of our findings are that firms should refrain from increasing reference explicitness and should select only the most material topics. Taken together, our results provide new insights on the unethical practice of false signaling and provide an example of an incorrect signal interpretation by readers. (shrink)

Les principales interprétations actuelles du travail dans la Bible se déploient à partir d’une dimension ontologique du travail fondée sur Gn 1 et 2, où la création est bonne et l’ambivalence du travail est reportée à l’après-transgression. La confrontation au mal est seconde et exogène au travail. Dans son dernier ouvrage, Travail et créativité, André Lacocque propose une interprétation dialectique originale. Il reprend le récit yahviste de Gn 2-3 et, en discussion avec différents philosophes, introduit l’ambivalence au cœur même du (...) projet créateur de Dieu. Le travail devient une confrontation dialectique entre la créativité et la possibilité de la transgression et de la mort, dont la synthèse s’opère à travers les relations à Dieu, aux autres, au monde. La présente contribution expose cette interprétation et en tente une évaluation. (shrink)

The declared aim of this highly charged monograph is "to explore the rich and exhilarating spectrum of pro-European sentiment evident" in 130 years of original critical and creative contributions of Welsh intellectuals to cosmopolitanism. Thomas More's original coinage punned on eutopia and outopia and M. Wynn Thomas's title Eutopia similarly challenges his readers to choose between admiring the inspirational power of Wales's visions of her European identity and dismissing as them as wishful thinking. However one feels about Utopianism per se, (...) after reading 372 pages densely packed with well-marshalled evidence culled from over a century of Welsh periodicals and print publications, there is... (shrink)

Name der Zeitschrift: Naharaim Jahrgang: 9 Heft: 1-2 Seiten: 151-178.

Dans l'examen de problèmes distributifs on admet souvent qu'une répartition égale des avantages ne nécessite aucune justification, une distribution inégale ne pouvant être instituée qu'à condition d'être justifiée. Notre propos est ici d'envisager et d'évaluer les jugements négatifs motivés par un sentiment ou un diagnostic d'inégalité, pour en discerner les enjeux éthiques réels et contribuer à identifier les conditions d'acceptabilité, par les agents sociaux, de configurations inégalitaires. En particulier, il nous semble que la problématique de l'égalité des chances gagnerait à (...) être reformulée en termes d'obstacles rencontrés dans la mise en œuvre de projets de vie individuels. Par ailleurs, nous tâcherons de montrer que l'identification d'inégalités pertinentes, appelant une correction, profite du renoncement à un point de vue unifié sur l'inégalité et à la référence à l'égalité comme principe privilégié dans tous les domaines. (shrink)

Parmi l’abondante littérature consacrée aux esthétiques kantienne et hégélienne, seuls quelques auteurs en ont esquissé une lecture phénoménologique. Prenant pour objet ces textes de l’idéalisme allemand, cette lecture a pu être qualifiée de «paradoxale» et d’«an-historique». Pourtant il est incontestable que l’appréhension désintéressée du beau est corrélative d’un apparaître phénoménal. Dans cette mesure, nous voulons cerner l’intérêt et la pertinence d’une perspective phénoménologique, pour l’analyse de l’appréhension du phénomène et de l’expérience esthétiques comme tels, mais également et de façon immanente (...) pour le commentaire critique des esthétiques kantienne et hégélienne. (shrink)

Research in the U. S. on fair trade consumption is sparse. Therefore, little is known as to what motivates U. S. consumers to buy fair trade products. This study sought to determine which values are salient to American fair trade consumption. The data were gathered via a Web-based version of the Schwartz Value Survey (SVS) and were gleaned from actual consumers who purchase fair trade products from a range of Internet-based fair trade retailers. This study established that indeed there are (...) significant interactions between personal values and fair trade consumption and that demographics proved to be useless in creating a profile of the American fair trade consumer. (shrink)

O presente artigo tem por objetivo mostrar o papel crucial das emoções nas tomadas de decisões morais e sua contribuição na solução de conflitos bioéticos. Ao contrário da tese racional, as tomadas de decisão morais demandam a colaboração entre razão e emoção, ou nos termos dos estudos em Metaética, cognição e emoção. Por meio da análise da teoria de Antônio Damásio, teses de filósofas morais feministas, como Kathryn Pyne Addelson, entre outras, pretendemos refutar as recorrentes teses bioéticas conservadoras cuja autoridade (...) moral é erroneamente delegada à racionalidade em detrimento das emoções. (shrink)

Although the mental time travel (MTT) hypothesis provides a rich, conceptual framework, the absence of clear, empirically tractable, behavioural criteria for determining the capacity for MTT restricts its usefulness in comparative research. Examples of empirical criteria for evaluating MTT in animals are given. We also question the authors' evaluation of semantic foresight and their even-handedness in assessing human and nonhuman behaviour.

Engineers encounter difficult ethical problems in their practice and in research. In many ways, these problems are like design problems: they are complex, often ill-defined; resolving them involves an iterative process of analysis and synthesis; and there can be more than one acceptable solution. This book offers a real-world, problem-centered approach to engineering ethics, using a rich collection of open-ended scenarios and case studies to develop skill in recognizing and addressing ethical issues.

In times of environmental degradation and depletion of land, large scale ocean farming of seaweeds, so-called seaweed culture, has lately been examined as a possible problem solver of the climate crisis. However, to understand the role of seaweed today one needs to get immersed in a complex nexus where various scientific, environmental, commercial, social and cultural interests merge. From the interdisciplinary registers of feminist blue humanities this article investigates the potential of what is here referred to as ‘feminist seaweed cultures’ (...) acknowledging environmental ethics and entanglements between humans and seaweeds in art and science. The analysis of visual artworks by ikkibawiKrrr, Ingela Ihrman and Matthew Bennington & Tom Pope opens a portal into the life and work of female seaweed pioneers active in Korean and British waters; namely the sea women haenyeo and botanists Margaret Gatty and Anna Atkins. Through proposing 'feminist seaweed cultures' as analytical tool the aim is firstly to reconceptualize seaweed as a product in aquaculture, and second to focus on visual ecological art to investigate how such artworks may deepen and make human relations to seaweed more ethical, generative and ambivalent. The findings indicate that the work of both the contemporary artists and the historical collectors can be described as feminist seaweed cultures, however in different ways. The ethical and situated perspectives provided by feminist seaweed cultures can thus foster new and old alignments between humans and seaweeds, art and science, land and sea, to support various ways of living well together in times of environmental disruptions. (shrink)

Este artigo pretende pensar a configuração e a reconfiguração dos gêneros musicais, de modo geral, e do frevo, de modo específico, considerando suas mediações territoriais, temporais e afetivas. Propomos esta abordagem considerando a perspectiva afrodiaspórica do cruzo e das encruzilhadas (SIMAS; RUFINO, 2018; RUFINO, 2019) como uma chave epistemológica e metodológica para discutir os tensionamentos espaçotemporais do frevo, fortemente territorializado na Região Metropolitana do Recife. A partir de suas manifestações históricas e contemporâneas e de seus cruzamentos com outros gêneros musicais, (...) analisamos os rearranjos e cruzamentos que o frevo incita nas noções de cena e gênero musical. (shrink)

In dialogue with Bishop and Phillips’ (2013) concern to establish what the category of the urban might mean in the context of megacities, this piece offers four provocations in the spirit of developing their analysis. The first is the need to attend to the specifics of megacities; the second insists on the importance of including those who navigate them in the analysis; the third is a concern to unwind different forms of urban traction, and the fourth is a need to (...) be mindful of the intersecting logics of translocality. Drawing on my own empirical research into the urban translocalities drawn by the flip-flop trail, it concludes that globalization is less solid and more fragile and shifting than many of its theorists suggest. (shrink)

El cuidado de la reciprocidad y de la imparcialidad es fundamental en la tradición de la filosofía liberal. Las teorías liberales y solidarias de la justicia aspiran a establecer un acceso igual a las oportunidades y a los recursos a todos los individuos dentro de la comunidad. Sin embargo la dificultad principal que se encuentra reside en la determinación y la identificación de los recursos pertinentes que se debe tomar en cuenta. Ahora bien el análisis demuestra que ni el enfoque (...) de Rawls sobre los bienes primarios ni el de Dworkin, apoyado en una subasta de las dotaciones tan internas que externas, convienen. ¿Cuál es desde entonces el enfoque lo mas satisfactorio? ¿Debemos revolver al de la igualdad del bienestar como el análisis, propuesta por Roemer, de la posición de Dworkin le sugiere? ¿Debemos privilegiar el punto de vista de la igualdad de las ?realizaciones sociales fundamentales?? Tal son las perspectivas que queremos explorar. (shrink)

Varias encuestas constatan un amplio consenso sobre (a) el hecho de que una redistribución justa es una redistribución que permite mejorar las oportunidades y las condiciones de vida de los individuos más desfavorecidos y sobre (b) la idea de que las desigualdades debidas a factores no controlables deben ser corregidas en la medida de lo posible. Sin embargo permanecen conflictos y profundos desacuerdos sobre la importancia del mérito personal así como sobre la importancia de los efectos desmotivadores de la redistribución. (...) Nos propondremos un esclarecimiento de estas divergencias basado en la hipótesis según la cual las opciones colectivas se explican por las creencias y representaciones subjetivas relativas a los procesos generadores de desigualdad. (shrink)