El artículo constituye un acercamiento a las razones que sustentan la necesidad de elevar la calidad de la orientación a las familias de niños en la primera infancia y su objetivo consistió en capacitar al personal de la salud para desarrollar la orientación familiar en función de la prevención de desviaciones en el desarrollo en esta etapa. En él se aborda el rol que tiene la familia en la formación de los niños y la incidencia de los médicos y enfermeras (...) en su orientación; se encuentran reflexiones y comentarios sobre cómo elevar la calidad de la orientación para que la familia pueda desarrollar, en las condiciones de convivencia familiar, la prevención de desviaciones en el desarrollo mediante la realización de un proceso educativo de calidad. The article is an approach to the reasons that support the need to improve the quality of the guidance given to families of early childhood children and its objective consisted on training health staff to develop family guidance according to the prevention of deviations in development during this stage. It deals with the role family plays in children's education and the impact of doctors and nurses on its guidance. Thoughts and comments on how to improve the quality of guidance can also be found so that the family can develop, on family living conditions, the prevention of deviations in development through a quality educational process. (shrink)

This paper is situated within the framework of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and addresses how women in organizational spaces with strongly values-driven practices can contribute to a more sustainable development in the implementation of a Circular Bioeconomy. Companies aligned with this model have a special responsibility to orient their practices towards comprehensive and fair sustainability if they want to align themselves with the policy frameworks of ecological transition. The article asks whether there is a harmonization of the environmental and social (...) dimensions of practices in companies aligned with the circular bioeconomy and how the participation of women in management positions (in this case, white women, college-educated and non-disabled women) can promote transformative organizational change. Based on the theories of CSR practices, critical feminist perspectives, and social practices theory, a comparative ethnographic approach is used, applying a multi-method (participant observation, interviews, and documents) and multi-site analysis with four companies. The study extends the empirical evidence aimed at favoring the adoption of integrated sustainable practices in organizations. Future research could investigate broader intersectional dynamics to provide more detail on the heterogeneity of the experiences and practices of women or feminist actors and their influence on organizations. (shrink)

RESUMEN En el presente artículo se reconoce la significación de la estimulación prenatal de la comunicación y la necesidad de brindar una orientación familiar oportuna y certera tanto a la embarazada como a sus familiares y su objetivo está encaminadoa contribuir a la capacitación del personal de salud dirigida a la orientación a la familia para la estimulación prenatal de la comunicación. En él se tiene en cuenta la influencia de los médicos y enfermeras, en dicha labor, además, se encuentran (...) reflexiones, comentarios, acciones y técnicas, con el propósito de elevar la calidad de la orientación para que la familia potencie la estimulación de la comunicación desde la gestación. ABSTRACT In this paper, it is recognized the significance of prenatal communication stimulation and the need to give timely and appropriate family guidance to pregnant women and their families in order to contribute to health staff training towards family guidance on prenatal communication stimulation. It is taken into account the influence of doctors and nurses on this work. Thoughts, comments, actions and techniques can be found in order to improve guidance quality so that families encourage communication stimulation from gestation. (shrink)

IntroductionRheumatologists are the primary healthcare professionals responsible for patients with rheumatic diseases and should acquire medical ethical competencies, such as the informed consent process (ICP). The objective clinical structured examination is a valuable tool for assessing clinical competencies. We report the performance of 90 rheumatologist trainees participating in a station designed to evaluate the ICP during the 2018 and 2019 national accreditations.MethodsThe station was validated and represented a medical encounter in which the rheumatologist informed a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus (...) with clinically active nephritis about renal biopsy. A trained patient–actor and an evaluator were instructed to assess ICP skills (with a focus on kidney biopsy benefits, how the biopsy is done and potential complications) in obtaining formal informed consent, delivering bad news and overall communication with patients. The evaluator used a tailored checklist and form.ResultsCandidate performance varied with ICP content and was superior for potential benefit information (achieved by 98.9% of the candidates) but significantly reduced for potential complications (37.8%) and biopsy description (42.2%). Only 17.8% of the candidates mentioned the legal perspective of ICP. Death (as a potential complication) was omitted by the majority of the candidates (93.3%); after the patient–actor challenged candidates, only 57.1% of them gave a clear and positive answer. Evaluators frequently rated candidate communications skills as superior (≥80%), but ≥1 negative aspect was identified in 69% of the candidates.ConclusionsEthical competencies are mandatory for professional rheumatologists. It seems necessary to include an ethics competency framework in the curriculum throughout the rheumatology residency. (shrink)

Alexis de Tocqueville (1805–1859) was convinced that without a new possibility for transcendence, democracies would be ill-prepared to allow for actual freedom. In Democracy in America, his study of the United States, he explained that when self-interest was enlightened, individuals would tend to identify their personal benefits with the well-being of the community. By transcending their individualistic tendency to self-enclose, they would contribute to forming and maintaining a real sovereignty of the people. However, unless the “doctrine of self-interest well understood” (...) was aided by a higher ideal, by itself it would eventually fall short, thus paving the way for new forms of despotism. Religion, and more specifically, reformed versions of Christianity, seemed to effectively elevate the outlook of the early Americans. As I will argue, however, Tocqueville ultimately held that those versions lacked the profundity and stability required to resist the strong materialistic and individualistic tendencies of people living in a democracy. Tocqueville’s apparent, if anxious-ridden, preference for Catholicism as the more adequate civil religion resonates with important aspects of Augustine’s theory of the Two Cities, the earthly and the heavenly city. For both Tocqueville and Augustine, the Roman Church’s stable doctrine was what could more successfully teach mankind the truth about their limited condition, hence making them more capable of learning the “art of being free.”. (shrink)

The authors of Beziau and Franceschetto work with logics that have the property of not satisfying any of the formulations of the principle of non contradiction, Béziau and Franceschetto also analyze, among the three-valued logics, which of these logics satisfy this property. They prove that there exist only four of such logics, but only two of them are worthwhile to study. The language of these logics does not consider implication as a connective. However, the enrichment of a language with an (...) implication connective leads us to more interesting systems, therefore we look for one implication for these logics and we study further properties that the logics obtain when this connective is added to these systems. (shrink)

The main factor of intelligence is defined as the ability tocomprehend, formalising this ability with the help of new constructsbased on descriptional complexity. The result is a comprehension test,or C- test, which is exclusively defined in computational terms. Due toits absolute and non-anthropomorphic character, it is equally applicableto both humans and non-humans. Moreover, it correlates with classicalpsychometric tests, thus establishing the first firm connection betweeninformation theoretical notions and traditional IQ tests. The TuringTest is compared with the C- test and the (...) combination of the two isquestioned. In consequence, the idea of using the Turing Test as apractical test of intelligence should be surpassed, and substituted bycomputational and factorial tests of different cognitive abilities, amuch more useful approach for artificial intelligence progress and formany other intriguing questions that present themselves beyond theTuring Test. (shrink)

This reply addresses observations of Drs. Larsen, Kruse, and Sweeny, and Scherer in their reviews of our published work on the link between positive psychological assets and outcomes of physical health. Inspired by Obama’s Precision Medicine Initiative we argue that the interplay between the emotion spectrum and health is likely a complex and heterogeneous amalgam of known and yet unidentified elements melding at the individual level. When exploring the emotion–health link, researchers are challenged to grapple with complex system models by (...) considering multiple hierarchies of information that span individual-level factors, genetic blueprints, and cultural and environmental context. Research is needed to more fully elucidate the mechanism through which emotion influences health, with careful consideration of differences across race/ethnicity, culture, and context. (shrink)

Background: The Directive 2001/20/EC was an important first step towards consistency in the requirements and processes for clinical trials across Europe. However, by applying the same rules to all types of drug trials and transposing the Directive’s principles into pre-existing national legislations, the Directive somewhat failed to meet its facilitation and harmonisation targets. In the field of ethics, the Directive 2001/20/EC conditioned the way of understanding and transposing the “single opinion” process in each country. This led to a situation in (...) which two models of research ethics committees organisation systems exist, being the model in which the “single opinion” is considered to be the decision made by a single ethics committee more effective and simpler in terms of administrative and logistic workload. Method: A survey was conducted in 10 European countries. Members of the European Clinical Research Infrastructures Network working party number 1, with expertise in the field of ethics, responded. Results: There is a major heterogeneity in the composition of ethics committees among the surveyed countries based on the number of members, proportion of experts versus lay members and expertise of the scientific members. A harmonised education of the ethics committees’ membership based in common curricula is recommended by the majority of countries. Conclusions: Despite the efforts for harmonisation of the European Clinical Trial Directive, from an ethical point of view, there remains a plurality of ethics committees' systems in Europe. It is important to comprehend the individual national systems to understand the problems they are facing. (shrink)

Understanding the ways in which Muslims are turned into “a problem” requires an analytic incorporating the insights gained through the concepts of Islamophobia and anti-Muslim racism into a larger frame. The “Muslim Question” can provide such a frame by attending to the systematic character of this form of racism, explored here through biopolitics. This article develops a conceptualization of Europe’s “Muslim Question” along three lines. First, the “Muslim Question” emerges as an accusation of being an “alien body” to the nation, (...) often expressed through the Trojan horse legend. Second, the “Muslim Question” is elaborated through demands of integration and assimilation, in which the production of difference entangles with calls and measures to regulate Muslims. And third, the “Muslim Question” is brought to life upon the terrain of gender and sexuality, as the imaginary of threat at the heart of the “Muslim Question” is a replacement conspiracy centered on birthrates. (shrink)

Resumen El propósito de este trabajo es profundizar en el concepto de actividad de imagen y defender su utilidad como categoría de estudio para comprender diferentes tipos de comportamiento que afectan a la imagen social de los hablantes en la interacción comunicativa: cortesía, descortesía y actividad de autoimagen. Teniendo como base estudios sociopragmáticos del español desde una perspectiva cultural y estudios teóricos en inglés de la última década, se tratará el concepto de actividad de imagen, el cual se caracteriza de (...) acuerdo con dos conceptos claves: el del efecto social que un comportamiento comunicativo tiene sobre las imágenes de los hablantes y el del continuo social, la conexión que se establece entre sus imágenes en la interacción. De esta forma, se propone tratar la actividad de imagen desde dos perspectivas relacionadas: la de la dirección seguida por el efecto social hacia los interactuantes y la de las características de este efecto, siendo su interrelación el factor que permite identificar y caracterizar el tipo de actividad de imagen. (shrink)

This paper explores the constraints of narrative theodicy to account for the misery of the powerless and uses Mary of Bethany as a case study as evaluated through the early modern theodical writings of Mary Astell and Mary Hays. Eleonore Stump has pointed out that Mary of Bethany’s misery is interesting because it is so personal; it results from losing her heart’s desire. But, Mary of Bethany’s case fails as narrative theodicy because it cannot sufficiently demonstrate the power of God (...) in situated expressions of suffering, speak to plight of the powerless, nor put the sufferer in a stronger epistemic position. Astell and Hays provide a solution for the problem of lived experiences of systemic oppression for the project of narrative theodicy, and in so doing, remind us of the continued significance of their work to the philosophical canon. To succeed, narratives used for theodicy must speak directly to the plight of those who suffer, and must allow the powerless, miserable, unprivileged, and oppressed to have access to religious knowledge of the relationship between God and the one in misery, the one powerless. (shrink)

This paper argues that, although Margaret Cavendish’s main philosophical contributions are not in philosophy of religion, she makes a case for a defense of God, in spite of the worst sorts of harms being present in the world. Her arguments about those harms actually presage those of contemporary feminist ethicists, which positions Cavendish’s scholarship in a unique position: it makes a positive theodical contribution, by relying on evils that contemporary atheists think are the best evidence against the existence of God. (...) To demonstrate that Cavendish’s work should be considered as early modern feminist theodicy, this paper will briefly introduce the contemporary feminist worry about theodicy as a project, show that Cavendish shares the contemporary feminist view about situated evil, and argue that her theodicy aims for agreement about how to eradicate great moral evils while preserving free will—and so, carves out a space for future female philosophers of religion who aim to be agents of healing in the face of such evil. (shrink)

The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate that Leibniz’s form/matter defense of omnipotence is paradoxical, but not irretrievably so. Leibniz maintains that God necessarily must concur only in the possibility for evil’s existence in the world (the form of evil), but there are individual instances of moral evil that are not necessary (the matter of evil) with which God need not concur. For Leibniz, that there is moral evil in the world is contingent on God’s will (a dimension of (...) divine omnipotence), with the result that even though it is necessary that God exerts his will, there are particular products of his will that are contingent and unnecessary—including human moral evil. If there are instances of evil which are contingent on God’s will and yet unnecessary, then the problematic conclusion for Leibniz’s view must be that human evil depends upon divine concurrence, not just for its possibility in the world (which is necessary) but for its instance (which is contingent). If the form/matter defense of omnipotence contains a true paradox, then God concurs in the form as well as the matter of evil. To assuage this difficulty for Leibniz, I will argue that he could either give up an Augustinian notion of evil, or rely upon a distinction between *potenta absoluta* and *potenta ordinate*, which was popular among important thinkers in the medieval period. (shrink)

The functional capabilities that consciousness seems to provide to biological systems can supply valuable principles in the design of more autonomous and robust technical systems. These functional concepts keep a notable similarity to those underlying the notion of operating system in software engineering, which allows us to specialize the computer metaphor for the mind into that of the operating system metaphor for consciousness. In this article, departing from these ideas and a model-based theoretical framework for cognition, we present an architectural (...) proposal for machine consciousness, called the Operative Mind. According to it, machine consciousness could be implemented as a set of services, in an operative system fashion, based on modeling of the own control architecture, that supervise the adequacy of the system architectural structure to the current objectives, triggering and managing adaptativity mechanisms. (shrink)

'Computationalism' is a relatively vague term used to describe attempts to apply Turing's model of computation to phenomena outside its original purview: in modelling the human mind, in physics, mathematics, etc. Early versions of computationalism faced strong objections from many (and varied) quarters, from philosophers to practitioners of the aforementioned disciplines. Here we will not address the fundamental question of whether computational models are appropriate for describing some or all of the wide range of processes that they have been applied (...) to, but will focus instead on whether `renovated' versions of the \textit{new computationalism} shed any new light on or resolve previous tensions between proponents and skeptics. We find this, however, not to be the case, because the 'new computationalism' falls short by using limited versions of "traditional computation", or proposing computational models that easily fall within the scope of Turing's original model, or else proffering versions of hypercomputation with its many pitfalls. (shrink)

Cohesion is established in S‐phase through the action of key replisome factors as replication forks engage cohesin molecules. By holding sister chromatids together, cohesion critically assists both an equal segregation of the duplicated genetic material and an efficient repair of DNA breaks. Nonetheless, the molecular events leading the entrapment of nascent chromatids by cohesin during replication are only beginning to be understood. The authors describe here the essential structural features of the cohesin complex in connection to its ability to associate (...) DNA molecules and review the current knowledge on the architectural‐functional organization of the eukaryotic replisome, significantly advanced by recent biochemical and structural studies. In light of this novel insight, the authors discuss the mechanisms proposed to assist interfacing of replisomes with chromatin‐bound cohesin complexes and elaborate on models for nascent chromatids entrapment by cohesin in the environment of the replication fork. (shrink)

This book looks at the thought of a key figure in Islamic history from the vantage point of different forms of authority. In addition to providing detailed textual analysis of al-Suyuti's legal writing in its historical context, the study also connects the pre-modern figure to contemporary debates in post-2011 Egypt.

Resumen: Con el fin de encontrar una configuración pertinente para la teología práctica en el actual contexto teológico, este articulo propone comprenderla y practicarla como teología de la acción. Se identifica primero la presencia de una dimensión práctica en las teologías premodernas, lo cual señala una nota fundamental del saber teológico y sirve de antecedente a nuestra subdisciplina. Hecho esto, se analizan los enfoques históricos más relevantes en la teología práctica como subdisciplina: uno centrado en los oficios del pastor con (...) un modelo aplicativo, otro enfocado en las prácticas eclesiales con un procedimiento deductivo y un tercero abierto a la actividad humana con una dinámica correlacional. Para profundizar este tercer enfoque, se presenta una propuesta metodológica en su comprensión de base y su actualización procedimental. En lo primero, se acoge la metáfora de la conversación continúa; en lo segundo, se desarrollan las dinámicas de la percepción, análisis y planificación. Comprender la teología práctica como teología de la acción implica asumir con radicalidad la convicción de que la correlación entre la acción de Dios y la acción humana, que dinamiza la experiencia de revelación-fe, debe fecundar también los caminos de la reflexión teológica. Abstract: With a view to configuring practical theology in the present theological context, this article suggests understanding it and practice it as a theology of action. The analysis, therefore, starts with identifying the presence of a practical dimension in pre-modern theologies, which points out a fundamental aspect of theological knowledge and serves as a forerunner of our modern sub-discipline. After that, the most relevant historical approaches in practical theology as a subdiscipline are described: the first one, centres on the pastor's duties using an applicative model, the second, focuses on ecclesial practices adopting a deductive procedure and the third one, looks at human activity through a correlational dynamic. To develop this third approach, the mutually critical correlation is developed in its basic understanding and its procedural implementation. For the first, the metaphor of the ongoing conversation is embraced; for the second, the dynamics of perception, analysis and planning are developed. Doing practical theology as theology of action implies radically holding firm the conviction that the correlation between God's action and human action, which energizes the experience of revelation-faith, must also inform and nurture the paths of theological reflection. (shrink)

Resumen El proyecto Es.Var.Atenuación se interesa por el estudio de la atenuación pragmática a nivel lingüístico, estructural, enunciativo y situacional, en corpus discursivos del español, a fin de reconocer las posibles estrategias atenuantes de un acto comunicativo. Para llevar a cabo el análisis se parte de una ficha de trabajo. Onomázein, 28, pp. 288–319; Albelda, Briz, Cestero, Kotwica y Villalba, 2014. Ficha metodológica para el análisis pragmático de la atenuación en corpus discursivos del español.. Oralia, 17, pp. 7–62) organizada en (...) cinco bloques de factores: funciones de la atenuación, procedimientos lingüísticos de la atenuación, factores estructurales, factores enunciativos y factores situacionales. A partir de esta ficha de trabajo, el propósito de nuestra investigación es considerar la implicación del componente fonoprosódico de la lengua, de modo que nos centramos en el segundo bloque de factores de la ficha indicada. Dicho bloque contiene 22 tácticas lingüísticas de atenuación; de ellas, la táctica 21 se refiere a los elementos prosódicos, paralingüísticos o gestuales y su papel en la expresión de atenuación. Esta táctica, no obstante, debe ser desarrollada para valorar mejor el peso de lo prosódico en la atenuación; se cuenta para ello con la experiencia previa del proyecto Fonocortesía, donde se manejan parámetros segmentales y suprasegmentales relevantes para la expresión de cortesía verbal. El objetivo de este trabajo es, en fin, desarrollar metodológicamente la descripción del componente prosódico en la actividad atenuadora, y precisar a través de parámetros acústicos objetivables en qué pueda consistir ese papel atenuante. (shrink)

De acuerdo con los estudios antropológicos y sociológicos la mitad de los ovocitos que circulan por Europa proceden de España. De ahí que nos preguntemos por las exigencias de su regulación, en particular por el principio de no lucro. Este principio se concreta normativamente en un solo momento, a saber, en la donación de ovocitos. Las normas comunitarias y nacionales no extienden este principio a la exportación y la distribución de los ovocitos, abriendo la puerta a su mercantilización y conculcando (...) así el principio. Por ello proponemos una legislación acorde a las exigencias del principio de no lucro. (shrink)

El abordaje que actualmente se ha intentado revelar acerca de la psicopatología desde el modelo biomédico por disciplinas como la psicología y la psiquiatría, ha delineado formalmente dichas distinciones a la hora de indagar las conductas erráticas y manifestaciones psicoemocionales en el ser humano. La filosofía, por tanto, no ha estado exenta al replantear la manera en que el ser humano es pensado, ya sea en sus márgenes de normatividad como en la alteridad. Immanuel Kant miró -dentro de su importante (...) período filosófico- estos problemas, pero de una manera superficial en un breve ensayo titulado “Ensayo sobre las enfermedades de la cabeza” (1764) donde explora desde su visión el problema de la razón invertida. La propuesta de la presente investigación busca encontrar los alcances de esta propuesta por parte del filósofo de Koninsberg, y la relectura biologicista que plantearon autores como Konrad Lorenz y Franz Wuketits como iniciadores de la Teoría Evolucionista del Conocimiento. (shrink)

Existe evidencia de que el ajuste transcultural influye en el desempeño académico en población migrante. A partir de un análisis categorial del discurso, este trabajo evidencia experiencias de ajuste transcultural en cinco migrantes retornados de nivel de licenciatura que emigraron a EE.UU. Los resultados ofrecen guías para diseñar intervenciones psicoeducativas en inclusión social para esta población en contextos universitarios.

Karl Marx’s writings about Spain have been published and studied on several occasions. Among the sources listed by Pedro Ribas, William Walton and his work The Revolutions of Spain, from 1808 to the End of 1836 figures among those mentioned most. Rather surprising, given that Walton sympathised with both Spanish Carlism and Portuguese Miguelism. Though he was born and died in England, Walton lived in the Spanish and Portuguese empires, in America and in the French colony of Santo Domingo at (...) various stages in the course of his career. A Catholic in an Anglican country, he translated Puigblanch’s The Inquisition Unmasked. Neither did his political ideas remain unchanged throughout his life. This paper looks at the influence thatWalton had on Marx’s ideas about Spain, particularly as regards the Carlist political movement. Marx read Walton in the British Library and took detailed notes from his book. He used these notes in his articles regarding the events that occurred in the country. We will also reflect on the place that Walton begins to occupy in Peninsular historiography, through the bibliographical information on his changing political viewpoints and his proximity to contemporary events.For this article we started with the study of the biography and the work of William Walton, which led us to discover a possible connection with the thinking of Karl Marx. Our investigations have led us to consider that Walton’s writings on Spain helped to form the opinions expressed by Marx in his press articles. (shrink)

RESUMEN El proceso de duelo ante la pérdida de un ser querido es un fenómeno complejo. Diversas teorizaciones se han propuesto para explicarlo. Para entenderlas es necesario situarse por encima de la sistematicidad, del orden lógico pre-establecido por la razón. No hacerlo puede simplificar la comprensión de las vivencias de los dolientes, quienes han perdido a un ser querido. Este artículo propone revisar la teoría del duelo de Elisabeth Kübler-Ross apoyándose en la concepción del lenguaje de Ludwig Wittgenstein. La conjunción (...) tanatología y filosofía permitirá una comprensión profunda de la complejidad entrañada en el dolor ante la muerte de quien se. (shrink)

The article presents the theoretical construction of the relationship between mathematics learning and philosophy for/with children. The selection of a documentary corpus allowed delimiting the object of study. Then, thematic and analytical cards were elaborated to interpret the main statements, in which divergences and convergences between philosophy for/with children and the learning of mathematics were evidenced. The text is organized in six sections: Mathematical thinking as experience; Philosophy for/with children: a space for thinking; Reasoning, argumentation and logical thinking: a matter (...) of philosophy for/with children and mathematics; the role of the question in mathematical thinking; the community of inquiry: a matter of mathematics; and, finally, from concept to mathematical thinking. The article gives an account of the reflection on the need to link the learning of mathematics with the exercise of philosophizing in order to democratize mathematics. This leads to the formation of critical, creative and ethical thinking, fundamental in the learning processes of mathematics, which becomes a pedagogical experience and a didactic bet from critical mathematics education. In conclusion, the interaction between these two disciplines transforms pedagogical practices and school contexts. The classroom becomes a space for inquiry, wonder, creation, reasoning, modeling, argumentation, training and individual and collective transformation. The learning of mathematics encompasses the need to emancipate the subjects in order to solve social injustices from the contexts, to promulgate equality and democracy through the learning of mathematics. (shrink)

El artículo tiene como objetivo describir las competencias informacionales a desarrollar durante la formación profesional. Se presenta los referentes teóricos a partir del empleo de un enfoque de sistema que supone el análisis y la síntesis, la inducción y la deducción como métodos de investigación, con el propósito de dar conocer los hitos en las universidades y organizaciones internacionales relacionadas. La modelación fue empleada para la construcción de un nuevo proyecto de desarrollo de competencias informacionales desde la perspectiva de la (...) formación profesional universitaria ajustada a las necesidades de la educación superior en Cuba. El nuevo proyecto se configura en tres unidades básicas, con sus respectivos elementos de competencia, saberes esenciales e indicadores para la evaluación del desempeño. El artículo fundamenta la tesis de que el desarrollo de competencias informacionales debe ser sistemáticamente estructurado, planificado y ejecutado como parte integral de la formación curricular en interacción con los contenidos de las disciplinas docentes, bajo la dirección del profesor y la participación protagónica de los profesionales en formación. The article aims at describing the competence to be developed during professional training. It presents the theoretical referents by means of an approach system that includes synthesis and analysis, induction and deduction as research methods in order to reveal the milestones of information skills development in universities and related international organizations. Modeling was used for the construction of a new skills development project from the perspective of university professional training according to the needs of Higher Education in Cuba. The new project is composed of three basic units, with their respective competence elements, essential knowledge and indicators for the evaluation of the performance. The article supports the theory that information development skills must be systematically structured, planned and implemented as an integral part of the curricular training in interaction with the contents of subjects, under the teacher´s guidance and the active participation of profesionals in training. (shrink)

En el presente escrito se intentará explicar de manera estructurada la compleja propuesta del filósofo francés Jacques Rancière acerca del vínculo entre el arte y la política, para luego llevar a cabo una consideración crítica de dicha postura.

Journal Name: Semiotica Issue: Ahead of print.

A los ocho siglos de su muerte (1198), Averroes es visto históricamente desde cuatro puntos de vista. Para el Islam fue un sabio musulmán andalusí «liberal» y moderado. Para el mundo medieval latino fue médico galénico, filósofo riguroso y el mejor comentador de Aristóteles. Para el pensamiento árabe contemporáneo, abrió la polémica y puede ser paradigma de la racionalidad árabe-islámica. Para el filósofo-historiador, sus ideas chocaron con el integrismo almohade, como el averroísmo latino con el concordismo teológico-filosófico de los teólogos. (...) Fue, en resumen, un adelantado para su tiempo y en parte lo sigue siendo para el Islam. (shrink)

In the comedies of errors, and more precisely in the comedies of double, in which two identities become confused, the characters get into paradoxical situations reigned by the principle of contradiction. The classemic relationships that are based on the criterion of subjectivity are broken due to the intervention of the character appearing as the double, for the doubled and the double can appear as one subject or as two. In fact, in the added double one + one equals one (1 (...) + 1 = 1; Sosia + Mercury = Sosia) and in the split double one equals one + one (1 = 1 + 1; Philocomasium = Philocomasium + Dicea). In the modal oppositions of the alternative class (present | absent, to be | not to be) and in the aspectual oppositions of the sequential class (to arrive – to be in) the intrasubjective nature is cancelled; in the diathetic or complementary oppositions (to give .– to receive) the intersubjective relationship gets broken. Thus, it turns out that, due to the action of the double, a character can be present and absent at the same time, be and not be the same, be in a place before arriving there or have received what another has not yet given him. (shrink)

En el análisis internacional contemporáneo, es un error ignorar a uno de los países que tiene una de las mayores tasas de crecimiento de los últimos años. El autor del libro es especialista en la región de Asia y en particular de China. En el texto se ofrece un análisis serio y profundo de la evolución de un país que se mantiene por la senda del crecimiento. Jean-Luc Domenach es autor de libros como: “China: el olvidado archipiélago (1992)”; “China 1949-1994 (...) (1994)”; “Asia en situación de ri.. (shrink)

La vida cotidiana y la cultura contemporáneas experimentan un alto grado de estetización que parece hacer superfluo el arte. El presente artículo responde a esta problemática y plantea la pregunta por la función del arte en la sociedad moderna, e ilustra el debate con las tesis de W. Welsch, R. Bubner, J. Ritter, O. Marquard y K. Konig. El artículo se inclina por las tesis de Marquard, quien aboga por un arte estético contra un arte escatológico. Sólo un arte estético (...) como "organon" de la experiencia puede compensar la pérdida de percepción, de juicio autónomo y el fomento de la ficción que genera el poder de los medios en la cultura actual. Un arte escatológico como "organon" de la idea, por el contrario, se hace cómplice de dicha perversión cultural. (shrink)

El texto da cuenta de la importancia de los saltos, de la necesidad de explorar otras formas de lectura que escapen de los cánones estáticos implementados por los tiempos; llama también a construir abordajes y miradas hacia los pasados, que no sucumban a las búsquedas historiográficas tradicionales. Se vuelve, entonces, una trinchera que exhibe rupturas, obras olvidadas de autores como Marx, y bocetos que se van dibujando porque cuestionan y reelaboran discusiones que los estudios académicos han mantenido inertes.

El siguiente trabajo pretende mostrar algunas conexiones ontológicas y epistemológicas entre los supuestos que subyacen en la conservación de la energía en física y la teoría del valor en economía clásica. Para ello, en primer lugar, haré una reconstrucción de ciertos supuestos metafísicos y hallazgos empíricos que guían la configuración de la conservación de la energía, desde la época de Descartes hasta su elaboración formal por parte de Helmholtz, como principio termodinámico. A continuación, describiré cómo encontramos supuestos equivalentes, con otra (...) elaboración, que guían las preocupaciones sobre el valor en los economistas clásicos en Smith, Ricardo y particularmente en Marx, y sus respectivas conexiones con la física. Finalmente conectaré estos paralelismos que se siguen de tales construcciones, que a su vez provienen de supuestos comunes e inmersos en la cultura y que interactúan en este caso en física y economía. Con ello argumentaré en favor de una perspectiva no autónoma de la ciencia, determinada por tales factores culturales de su tiempo. (shrink)

A reflection about the originality and contributions of the phenomenological institutional Naples school of philosophy, represented by its major exponent,Gino Capozzi, in relation to the theory of human rights is developed in this paper. His philosophy is explained in his book “Diritti dell´Uomo,..