Flora Tristan (1803-1844) a été longtemps oubliée, puis partiellement redécouverte au XXe siècle. Le deuxième centenaire de sa naissance nous apporte deux livres fort différents et providentiellement jumeaux. Le premier est la reprise renouvelée, avec de nombreux inédits, d'un ouvrage antérieur publié en 1985 par ENS Éditions. Nous avons ici un grand nombre de lettres adressées par Flora Tristan à des correspondants très divers outre la famille et les relations personnelles. Nommons...

Qui était Jules Puech (1878-1957) et comment est-il devenu le biographe de Flora Tristan? À travers l’histoire de celui qui a joué le rôle de « passeur » (p. 114) des idées de la féministe, Máire Cross, spécialiste reconnue de Flora Tristan, nous emmène sur les pas de cette dernière, depuis sa mort en 1844 jusqu’à la publication de son journal en 1973. Suivant une démarche pour le moins originale, l’ouvrage entrelace deux biographies, l’une intellectuelle, celle (...) d’un historien pionnier mais... (shrink)

Recent studies have revealed how workers’ movements adapted republicanism into a language of anticapitalism in the nineteenth century. Much less attention has been paid, however, to the role feminists played in this process. This essay addresses this oversight by introducing the voices of the utopian socialists under July Monarchy France. These socialists insisted that there could be no social revolution without sexual revolution. Although they are often positioned outside of the republican tradition, this essay argues that the utopian socialists are (...) better understood as rendering the legacy of classical and French republicanism compatible with nascent workers’ movements in the 1830s. By foregrounding the feminist Flora Tristan, this essay shows how utopian socialists weaponized republican tropes to address the social question, thereby expanding what a republican critique of capitalism could look like. (shrink)

In Latin America, institutionalized feminist philosophy is a recent phenomenon, dating for the most part since the 1980s. Historically, the gifted writer/philosopher/poet Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz (Mexico, Colonial Period) and the utopian socialist activist Flora Tristán (France and Peru) are especially recognized for their original feminist contributions. The Uruguayan philosopher Carlos Vaz Ferreira wrote the moderately pro‐feminist treatise Sobre feminismo in 1918, during the suffragist phase of the movement. Contemporary feminist philosophy has followed the general theoretical trends (...) established since the 1970s in Western European and Anglo‐American feminist philosophy and theory. Feminist philosophers have challenged traditional androcentric readings of the canon and have pursued alliances with colleagues in Women's Studies programs. As of the mid‐1990s, a firm tradition of feminist studies has been established in several countries. Important feminist journals and publications include Debate feminista (Mexico), Estudos feministas (Brazil), Isis Internacional (Chile), and Feminaria (Argentina); Hiparquía (Argentina) currently publishes feminist and non‐feminist articles by women philosophers. (shrink)

Early French Feminisms est un reader, type de publication encore peu développé en France, destiné principalement à un public étudiant. Y figurent des textes (par larges extraits ou dans leur intégralité) de Flora Tristan (1803-1844), Jeanne Deroin (1805-1852), Pauline Roland (1805-1892), Madeleine Pelletier (1874-1939) et Hélène Brion (1882-1962), assortis de longues introductions, de copieuses notes infrapaginales et d'une belle bibliographie. Cette anthologie a été conçue par deux hi...

What is a thing? What is an object? Tristan Garcia decisively overturns 100 years of Heideggerian orthodoxy about the supposedly derivative nature of objects to put forward a new theory of ontology that gives us deep insights into the world and our place in it."e.

Viewing emotion from an evolutionary perspective, researchers have argued that simple responses to affective stimuli can be triggered without mediation of cognitive processes. Indeed, findings suggest that positively and negatively valenced stimuli trigger approach and avoidance movements automatically. However, affective stimulus–response compatibility phenomena share so many central characteristics with nonaffective stimulus–response compatibility phenomena that one may doubt whether the underlying mechanisms differ. We suggest an “affectively enriched” version of the theory of event coding (TEC) that is able to account for (...) both affective and nonaffective compatibility, and that can account for the observation that both types of compatibility seem to be modulated by goals and intentions. Predictions from the model are tested in an experiment where participants carried out approach and avoidance responses to either the valence or the orientation of emotionally charged pictures. Under affective instruction the positive-approach/negative-avoid mapping yielded faster responses than the positive-avoid/negative-approach mapping, but no such effect was observed under spatial instruction. Conversely, spatial compatibility effects were obtained under spatial, but not under affective instruction. We conclude that affective and nonaffective compatibility effects reflect the same mechanism. (shrink)

Biobanks are essential tools for furthering a broad range of medical research areas. However, despite the plethora of national and international laws and guidelines which apply to them, the access and sharing policies of biobanks are only sparsely addressed by regulatory bodies. The ‘give and take’ process of biosample sharing is largely left up to biobank stakeholders themselves to oversee; it is therefore both in stakeholders' power, and in their interest, to ensure that sample accessibility is fair. This is an (...) important step in motivating researchers to collaborate and pool samples, and is crucial to fostering trust in the absence of universally accepted standard practices. To date, little attention has been paid to how fairness considerations affect scientific material sharing, and no empirical research has been carried out to determine the role that fairness plays in collaborative studies. In order to begin to gain understanding in this area, we interviewed 36 biobank stakeholders currently working in Switzerland, focusing on their perceptions of current and optimal fair sharing practices. Our findings reveal that fairness is an important feature of exchange situations for these stakeholders, and that they have well-formed notions about the practical elements of fair sample access, although ideas about the concept of fairness itself are vague. In order to support efforts to network biobanks, attention should be paid to this issue to reassure all involved that they are getting a fair share in their cooperative efforts. (shrink)

British equality law protections for sex and gender reassignment have grown fraught as activists tussle over legal and social categories of gender, gender transitioning, and sex. This article considers the future of gender-related equality protections in relation to ‘decertification’—an imagined reform that would detach sex and gender from legal personhood. One criticism of decertification is that de-formalising gender membership would undermine equality law protections. This article explores how gender-based equality law could operate in conditions of decertification, drawing on legal thoughtways (...) developed for two other protected characteristics in equality law—religion and belief, and disability—to explore the legal responses and imaginaries that these two grounds make available. Religious equality law focuses on beliefs, communities, and practices, deemed to be stable, multivarious, and subject to deep personal commitment. Disability equality law focuses on embodied disadvantage, approached as social, relational, and fluctuating. While these two equality frameworks have considerable limitations, they offer legal thoughtways for gender oriented to both its hierarchies and its expression, including as disavowal. (shrink)

Why read the chapter of Rousseau’s Social Contract devoted to the Roman assemblies? Because that text relies on the best available historical sources at the time, especially Carlo Sigonio’s work, to examine a key issue in Rousseau’s political philosophy: the implementation of common interest. In other words, the chapter on the comitia raises the following question: how can the people take part in public life? How can popular action maintain a republican government instead of threatening it? To understand this question, (...) and why Roman history plays a crucial part in the argument of The Social Contract, it helps to remember that for Rousseau a Republic is a government that does not act on behalf of private interests. Res publica, the recent book by renowned historian Claudia Moatti, further highlights Rousseau’s representation of the Roman Republic. The article examines in particular the meaning of the expression “public thing”, a literal translation of res publica, which appears twice in Rousseau’s text, demonstrating an understanding of Roman history that seems quite close to Claudia Moatti’s. Like her, Rousseau seems to identify two distinct visions of the Republic: one based on citizens’ rights, the other focused on the defence of the state. Today, as these two definitions of the Republic both appear in public debate, Rousseau’s vision of Rome is all the more striking and topical. (shrink)

Henri Bergson, Vladimir Jankélévitch, Emmanuel Levinas ont en commun d'avoir marqué la philosophie européenne du XXe siècle. En plus de leurs oeuvres respectives, ils ont tous les trois entretenu des liens manifestes à la fois dans leurs textes et dans leurs biographies. De ce trio, on ne peut pas dire que Bergson, philosophe pourtant déjà installé dans le paysage intellectuel français, prenne la place privilégiée du maître. Ni Jankélévitch, ni Levinas n'ont été, à proprement parler, ses élèves, cependant une relation (...) étroite s'est instaurée entre eux, marquée non pas par une posture de déférence, mais par des préoccupations conceptuelles partagées ainsi qu'un travail engagé sur des questions communes. Les pensées de Jankélévitch et Levinas sont liées par un même franc retrait vis-à-vis de la majorité des courants philosophiques dominants à leur époque, notamment la vogue existentialiste. N'adhérant pas à cette tendance, Jankélévitch et Levinas se tournent vers Bergson pour saisir l'inactualité des questions posées par sa pensée ; plutôt que la restitution de ses thèses, leurs interactions reposent sur un véritable dialogue dans lequel chacun apporte une variation nouvelle. Ces trois philosophes seront finalement réunis par le partage de questions fondamentales, qui résistent à la compréhension et qui s'ouvrent au souci de l'expérience proprement humaine : métaphysique, morale, temps. Bergson, Jankélévitch et Levinas, trois philosophes français marqués par une même inquiétude face à la dégradation de l'humain ; trois moments qui forment une ligne de pensée discrète mais irradiant la philosophie contemporaine, révélée après-coup par les suites qu'elle a autorisées. Le présent ouvrage tend à mettre en évidence cette situation, à la fois décalée en son temps et marquante par sa postérité."--Page 4 of cover. (shrink)

L'objectif de cet article est de montrer dans quelle mesure, depuis la fin des années 1980, les théories de la mondialisation culturelle, nées d'une convergence dans le champ académique anglo-saxon entre certains tenants des Cultural Studies, de l'anthropologie et de la sociologie, ont marqué une rupture dans la façon d'appréhender les enjeux de l'internationalisation des médias. Nous appuyant sur quelques-uns des principaux textes ayant donné corps à ces théories de la mondialisation, nous retraçons les principaux déplacements du centre de gravité (...) de l'analyse qu'elles opèrent. Prenant acte des apports de ces théories pour la compréhension des processus d'appropriation des flux transnationaux, cet article souligne aussi leurs limites et conclut à la nécessité d'inclure les perspectives de l'économie politique dans l'étude des processus de transnationalisation pour que ceux-ci soient appréhendés dans toute leur complexité.The objective of this paper is to show how, since the late 1980s, theories of cultural globalization, born of a convergence in the Anglo-Saxon academic field between some proponents of cultural studies, anthropology and sociology, marked a break in the way of understanding issues of internationalization of the media. Drawing on some of the main texts that gave substance to these theories of globalization, we trace the main movements of center of gravity analysis they operate. Acknowledging the contributions of these theories for understanding the process of appropriation of transnational flows, this article also highlights limitations and concludes with the need to include the perspectives of political economy in the study of transnational processes that they are apprehended in all their complexity. (shrink)

Tristan J. Rogers ABSTRACT: What might a Stoic approach to politics look like? David Goodhart aptly describes the political divide pervading Western societies in terms of the ‘somewheres,’ who are communitarian, rooted in particular places, and resistant to social and political change, versus the ‘anywheres,’ who are cosmopolitan, mobile, and enthusiastic embracers of change. Stoicism ….

Relying on more expansive criteria for defining “mass shootings” than much existing research, we examine a subset of a unique dataset incorporating 7,048 news documents covering 2,170 shootings in the United States between 2013 and 2019. We analyze the descriptive language used to describe incidents and perpetrators and discover significant racial disparities in representation. This research enables a critical examination of the explanatory frames utilized by news media to tell the public who mass shooters are and journalistic attempts to explain (...) why they occur. Data were analyzed utilizing a mixed methods approach, relying on content analysis to inductively code emergent categories of descriptions of shooters and binary logistic regressions to analyze the preponderance of descriptive categories when comparing news articles reporting on shootings committed by differently racialized shooters. Our results confirm some recent research showing that mass shooters racialized as white are more likely to be described with kind and compassionate language. With our larger sample, however, we also find that mass shooters racialized as white are additionally more likely to be described with negative language as “bad” or “evil” in comparison to shooters of color. We discuss how these data demonstrate that media reports present a more complex picture of white mass shooters for the public than shooters of color. (shrink)

Gillian Russell has recently proposed counterexamples to such elementary argument forms as Conjunction Introduction and Identity. These purported counterexamples involve expressions that are sensitive to linguistic context—for example, a sentence which is true when it appears alone but false when embedded in a larger sentence. If they are genuine counterexamples, it looks as though logical nihilism—the view that there are no valid argument forms—might be true. In this paper, I argue that the purported counterexamples are not genuine, on the grounds (...) that they equivocate. Having defused the threat of logical nihilism, I argue that the kind of linguistic context sensitivity at work in Russell’s purported counterexamples, if taken seriously, far from leading to logical nihilism, reveals new, previously undreamt-of valid forms. By way of proof of concept I present a simple logic, Solo-Only Propositional Logic, designed to capture some of them. Along the way, some interesting subtleties about the fallacy of equivocation are revealed. (shrink)

Here I present a new objection to the material or "hook" analysis of indicative conditionals - the thesis that an indicative conditional 'If A then C' has the truth-conditions of the so-called material conditional - based on Liar-like reasoning. This objection seems invulnerable to any Grice-Lewis-Jackson-inspired pragmatic rejoinder.

The seven articles included in the AJOB Neuroscience special issue map important ethical issues that have and will continue to emerge with advances in neuroscience and neurotechnology. A critical c...

Section 31 of Quine's Word and Object contains an eyebrow-raising argument, purporting to show that if an agent, Tom, believes one truth and one falsity and has some basic logical acumen, and if belief contexts are always transparent, then Tom believes everything. Over the decades this argument has been debated inconclusively. In this paper I clarify the situation and show that the trouble stems from bad presentation on Quine’s part.

I argue that the unthought philosophical bias in favor of seriousness and sense rather than nonsense and joking blocks the path to reality. Because of this bias we obsess over significant signs and forget to consider what signs are signs of; we lose sight of the forest because there are so many interesting trees. Through a thoroughgoing interrogation of signs or appearances, we can reveal what it is that all signs present or represent: the underlying real joke. Once the “sensible (...) bias” of philosophy is overcome and the sense of nonsense restored, we can reveal the object of ontology—the Kantian noumenon—and, therefore, understand the necessary order of signification or representation. In this way, I argue, we can come to be equally amused by all appearances, recognizing that their deceptive character is necessitated by the playful nature of the real thing which, qua joke, provokes amusement. (shrink)

Two critical theories—both contemporaneous and complementary—in Western philosophy of education spanning the 1960s to the 1980s will first be explicated, and then their significant intellectual values will be discussed on the basis of such a comparative account. These two critical models are the practical theory of education in the Anglophone world and the critical theory of education in the Continental Germany. I will introduce them—namely, analytic practical educational theory and German critical pädagogik—one after another, by focusing on their complementary differences, (...) involving characteristic rationalities, typical forms of criticism, corresponding ways of exercising criticalities, and frames of reference regarding the sources of their criticalities. Based on such distinctions and contrasts, I will in the final section argue for their inherent value of coexistence, their practical value in illustrating the unique construction of academic educational studies which has respectively developed in the Anglo-American world and in the Continental world. As an additional point about their epistemic value to understand educational knowledge and scholarship accumulated in the West, I will further argue that these two philosophical–critical theories of education in parallel constitute peak academic experiences. This is mainly because they are compelling evidence, demonstrating how differently yet legitimately the two camps of Western educational scholarships deal with the same issue of criticality in contrasting yet complementary ways. (shrink)

Though there is a vast literature on performances of drag, performances of gender and sexual transgressions outside of drag clubs are less studied. This case study of men’s marches protesting violence against women—“Walk a Mile in Her Shoes” marches— examines the politics of such transgressions. Cross-dressing to various degrees is strategically utilized at these events in an attempt to encourage men to become empathetic allies. This article suggests, however, that context is critical to the political potential of performances of drag. (...) The author’s observations of the interactions at the marches suggest that drag at “Walk a Mile” marches often symbolically reproduces gender and sexual inequality despite good intentions. At these marches, feminism is gendered when performances of politics and protest are contextually framed as gender and/or sexual transgressions when “feminism” is understood as “feminine.”. (shrink)

Switzerland has an excellent culture of medical research and is a melting pot for medical experts with international expertise. Nevertheless, as in other countries, the resources available to medical researchers are not being fully used. Biological samples, which enable a host of medical research studies to be carried out without invasive methods involving patients, are frequently left unused or forgotten. The aim of this study is to examine the experiences of biobank stakeholders regarding the use or underuse of biosamples, in (...) order to develop paths to optimize biosample research. Interviews were carried out with 36 biobank stakeholders in Switzerland concerning their experiences with biosample use, and the possible obstacles at each stage of the process. Interviews revealed that standard operating procedures were the most frequently cited obstacle, although these were not judged to be severe hindrances. Despite a stated desire to develop biosample research, skepticism of sharing networks and wariness of new partnerships were strong themes. Biobanking still functions as an emerging field, in which exchange practices have yet to be established at the national and international levels. Sample exchange continues to function largely based on personal contacts; while this is an inherent feature of competitive medical research, opportunities for large-scale studies may be lost due to excessive caution. (shrink)

À partir de la différence entre les frontières naturelles dites « bona fide », et les frontières artificielles, dites « fiat », cet article tâche de montrer qu’une frontière n’est jamais un résultat mais processus, qui fait passer l’homogène dans l’hétérogène et inversement. On en conclut que la pensée sépare ce que la vie confond en variétés intensives, et que la vie dégrade ce que la pensée sépare, « frontière » étant le nom de ce qu’opère toute vie pensante et (...) toute pensée vivante. (shrink)

A oposição às taxas universitárias e a outras barreiras de acesso é, muitas vezes, encarada como uma defesa do ensino superior como um “direito”, ao invés de um “privilégio”. No entanto, a base e a natureza desse direito não são claras. Este artigo apresenta uma exploração conceitual da questão a partir de uma análise inicial do direito internacional. Apresenta um argumento a favor do direito à educação superior, visto como uma das várias formas possíveis de educação pós-escolar, restrito apenas por (...) uma exigência de um nível mínimo de preparação acadêmica. Palavras-chave: Acesso à educação superior. Ação afirmativa. Política de educação superior. Direitos humanos. Direito à educação. (shrink)

The seven ethical issues and principles explored in the target article (i.e., privacy, responsibility, access, stigma, user control, family impact, enhancement) reflect important considerations for...

This article defends Baehrens’ reading cenam for caelum at Catullus 6.17 as more sensible than scholars have thought, based on allusions to Meleager, AP 5.175. It then proposes a new emendation to the line that is suggested by this Greek source.

Flora Levin explores how and why music was so important to the ancient Greeks. She examines the distinctions that they drew between the theory of music as an art ruled by number and the theory wherein number is held to be ruled by the art of music. These perspectives generated more expansive theories, particularly the idea that the cosmos is a mirror-image of music's structural elements and, conversely, that music by virtue of its cosmic elements - time, motion, and (...) the continuum - is itself a mirror-image of the cosmos. These opposing perspectives gave rise to two opposing schools of thought, the Pythagorean and the Aristoxenian. Levin argues that the clash between these two schools could never be reconciled. Her book shows how the Greeks' appreciation of the profundity of music's interconnections with philosophy, mathematics, and logic led to groundbreaking intellectual achievements that no civilisation has ever matched. (shrink)

Criteria of historical assessment are applied to the Turin Shroud to determine which hypothesis relating to the image formation process is the most likely. To implement this, a ‘Minimal Facts’ approach is followed that takes into account only physicochemical and historical data receiving the widest consensus among contemporary scientists. The result indicates that the probability of the Shroud of Turin being the real shroud of Jesus of Nazareth is very high; historians and natural theologians should therefore pay it increased attention.