Twinned 2H martensite is observed in copper-based shape memory alloys together with basal and non-basal plane stacking faults. Knowledge of the twin-boundary structure and its interaction with the faults is important to understand the deformation mechanism by twin coalescence. High-resolution electron microscopy coupled with image simulations have been used for these studies. The interface of the type I twinning in 2H martensite shows an atomic configuration with mirror antisymmetry. An atomic plane is shared by the twinned variants in such a (...) way that the distance between the planes, parallel to the interface, is unchanged at the boundary and the mean atomic volume is conserved. The interaction of the boundary with a basal plane fault generates a shift in the interface. A mirror antisymmetrical boundary is maintained by introducing an imperfect interface dislocation. (shrink)

Can Artificial Intelligence be more effective than human instruction for the moral enhancement of people? The author argues that it only would be if the use of this technology were aimed at increasing the individual's capacity to reflectively decide for themselves, rather than at directly influencing behaviour. To support this, it is shown how a disregard for personal autonomy, in particular, invalidates the main proposals for applying new technologies, both biomedical and AI-based, to moral enhancement. As an alternative to these (...) proposals, this article proposes a virtual assistant that, through dialogue, neutrality and virtual reality technologies, can teach users to make better moral decisions on their own. The author concludes that, as long as certain precautions are taken in its design, such an assistant could do this better than a human instructor adopting the same educational methodology. (shrink)

This special issue examines critical ethical, legal, and policy debates surrounding brain trauma in sport, focusing on challenges in concussion management practices and protocols. Brain injury concerns extend beyond traditional contact sports like boxing, encompassing sporting activities involving rapid acceleration, deceleration, and surface impacts, such as cycling and equestrian sports. Among such problems are the identification and management of brain injuries, the roles of officials and healthcare professionals, and the broader implications for sport integrity and athlete careers. The special issue (...) is organized into four sections: ethics of concussion medicine, socio-legal aspects, sport ethical dimensions, and public health policies. Contributions discuss concussion management in youth sport, sport federations’ and athletes’ duties involvement in concussion-related research, strategies to support and enhance athlete autonomy, public health-informed brain injury frameworks, conflict of interest in concussion management protocols, litigation and liability in concussion research and collaboration, race and genomics in brain-injury scientific discourses, rule changes in sport to reduce head impact, the contextual nature of brain injury and athlete decision-making, the ethical use of genetic testing in brain-injury related research, marketing strategies to advertise tackle football to children and adolescents, and policy purposes and evidence underpinning concussion management practices. This comprehensive exploration offers diverse disciplinary insights, making it a crucial resource for sport humanities scholars, policymakers, and medical professionals. Keywords: brain injury, sport ethics, concussion, sport law, sport policy. (shrink)

The design of the bronchial tree has largely been proposed as a model of optimal design from a physical-functional perspective. However, the distributive function of the airway may be more related to a geometrical than a physical problem. The bronchial tree must distribute a three dimensional volume of inspired air on a two dimensional alveolar surface, included in a limited volume. It is thus valid to ask whether an optimal bronchial tree from a physical perspective is also optimum from a (...) geometrical point of view. In this paper we generate a simple geometric model for the branching pattern of the bronchial tree, deducing relationships that permit estimation of the departures from the geometrical optimum of each bifurcation. We also, for comparative purposes, estimate the departures from the physical optimum. From the geometrical assumptions: i) a symmetrical dichotomic fractal design, ii) with minimum volume and iii) maximum dispersion of the terminal points; and several simulations we suggest that the optimality is characterized by a bifurcation angle Θ ∼ 60° and a length reduction scale γ = (1/2)1/3 = 0.7937. We propose distances from the physical and geometrical optimality defined as Euclidean distances from the expected optima. We show how the advanced relationships and the distances can be used to estimate departures from the optimality in bronchographs of four species. We found lower physical and geometrical departures in the distal zone than those of the proximal zones, as well as lower physical than geometrical departures from optimality. (shrink)

The article provides arguments for including social-emotional education in moral education. The first part of the article presents an analysis of the concept of “emotional intelligence”, considering the history of its creation and the methodological difficulties with which this concept is burdened. In the second part of the article, the expectations that can be placed on emotional education classes are formulated. The starting point is empirical research that examined the effectiveness of past attempts to provide emotional education to adolescents and (...) adults. The last part of the article discusses the assumptions of the pedagogical movement that emerged in the 1990s, which calls for conducting classes in the field of so-called “character education”. Furthermore, experiences from social-emotional learning (SEL) classes developed by the University of Illinois are discussed. The text also briefly takes into account Spain's first experiences in the field of emotional education. (shrink)

Resumo: Este trabalho é uma resenha crítica da obra Sociedade paliativa: a dor hoje do filósofo Byung-Chul Han, publicada no Brasil em 2021. O livro argumenta que predomina na sociedade contemporânea a algofobia, aversão à dor. A crescente intolerância ao sofrimento instaura no sujeito um estado quase absoluto de anestesia, que acaba cercando diferentes âmbitos da vida coletiva, do que se denomina de espaço público e de cidadania. Essa tentativa de livrar-se do sofrimento completamente configura a ascensão da democracia paliativa (...) e das fake news, o triunfo da arte e da cultura subordinadas ao like das mídias sociais e a psicologia positiva que sustenta o sujeito do desempenho neoliberal. Palavras-chave: Byung-Chul Han; Sociedade Paliativa; Sociedade da Positividade; Dor; Subjetividade Algophobia and the current palliative democracy Abstract: This work is a critical review of the book The palliative society: pain today by philosopher Byung-Chul Han, published in Brazil in 2021. The book argues that algophobia, aversion to pain, predominates in contemporary society. The growing intolerance to suffering establishes in the subject an almost absolute state of anesthesia that ends up surrounding different areas of collective life, of what is called public space and citizenship. This attempt to get rid of suffering completely configures the rise of palliative democracy and fake news, the triumph of art and culture subordinated to the like of social media and the positive psychology that supports the subject of neoliberal performance. Keywords: Byung-Chul Han; Palliative Society; Society of Positivity; Pain; Subjectivity Algofobia y democracia paliativa actual Resumen: Este trabajo es una revisión crítica del libro Sociedad paliativa: el dolor hoy del filósofo Byung-Chul Han, publicado en Brasil en 2021. El libro argumenta que la algofobia, la aversión al dolor, predomina en la sociedad contemporánea. La creciente intolerancia al sufrimiento instaura en el sujeto un estado de anestesia casi absoluto que termina por envolver diferentes ámbitos de la vida colectiva, de lo que se denomina espacio público y ciudadanía. Este intento de acabar con el sufrimiento configura por completo el auge de la democracia paliativa y las fake news, el triunfo del arte y la cultura subordinados a las redes sociales y la psicología positiva que sustenta el sujeto de la actuación neoliberal. Palabras clave: Byung-Chul Han; Sociedad Paliativa; Sociedad de Positividad; Dolor; Subjetividad Data de registro: 01/03/2023 Data de aceite: 18/10/2023. (shrink)

Resenha do Livro: EAGLETON, Terry. _Sobre o Mal_. Tradução de Fernando Santos. São Paulo: Editora Unesp, 2022, 152 p. ISBN 978-65-5711-142-0.

Poco se ha escrito sobre uno de los intentos más radicales de fundamentación del conservadurismo; como son las obras de Hans Freyer, Arnold Gehlen y Helmut Schelsky (principales representantes de la Escuela de Leipzig). Este artículo sistematiza la tentativa de la Escuela de Leipzig de justificar epistemológicamente el conservadurismo como régimen socio-político. Caracterizaremos el concepto de conservadurismo en la Escuela de Leipzig (I), se expondrá su fundamentación epistemológica en Freyer (II), su continuación en Gehlen (III) y su variante en Schelsky (...) (IV). Concluiremos con una discusión sobre la actualidad del diagnóstico epocal de la Escuela de Leipzig (V). (shrink)

Working within the parameters of (their reconstruction of) World Athletics’ (WA) definition of fairness, Katerina Jennings and Esther Braun (2024) propose a categorical system better suited to meet...

Queda por determinar si lo que prevalecerá será una Venezuela unida en la diversidad o una dividida y presumiblemente destruida. Este artículo sugiere que las élites políticas venezolanas podrían contemplar el poder compartido como un medio para restaurar el Estado-nación. El artículo profundiza en los retos y las perspectivas de adoptar el poder compartido como estrategia de las élites no sólo para el mantenimiento de la paz, sino también, y de manera crucial, para los procesos de pacificación. Partiendo de una (...) evaluación general de la democracia venezolana, identifica los factores que pueden obstaculizar la democracia consociacional. A continuación, el artículo analiza los elementos sociopolíticos que favorecen la autocracia y la partitocracia, antes de discutir los retos y oportunidades actuales del poder compartido. Destaca el papel de las élites venezolanas y el persistente problema de la no-circulación de las élites como factores críticos en el actual estancamiento político. Además, explora la relación entre democracia, construcción del Estado y el impacto de la autocratización. (shrink)

The text presents two ways of understanding the history within the Dialectic of Enlightenment. The first, allegorically constructed, has the function of denouncing the contradictions of the present. The second, on the other hand, has an understanding of the history, but as a critique of progress. In the first conception, the history conforms to a portrait of the present; in the second, the history tenses with its paralysis. Both cases, however, serve the political plan of clarifying the clarification.

En el pensamiento de Paul Ricœur, la libertad se acompaña siempre de la imaginación. En este sentido, la imaginación es definida como la tarea de mediar entre las tensiones que el hombre vive como consecuencia de su inherente desproporción entre finito e infinito. Esta tarea se apoya sobre una característica del mundo que posibilita la operación de la imaginación. Ella implica una conexión pre-refl exiva entre la interioridad humana y el mundo de la vida. Se trata del fenómeno sonoro de (...) la repercusión (retentissement) que constituye una influencia directa que Ricœur recibe de Gaston Bachelard y de Eugène Minkoswski. El enfoque del presente trabajo es develar la herencia de este fenómeno, poco estudiado en la filosofía ricœuriana, a la luz de la evolución de la función imaginativa. (shrink)

The central claim here is that the self is an emergent experiential, information processing and behavioral system that arises reflexively in the conscious subject and a body setting that is organized and primed with many of the required processes in place. These processes and their associated functions represent our world as coherent and temporally unified within the construct of a developing and roughly continuous experiencer-agent, or self. These representations are not, however, copies of the external world. In this way, selves (...) develop as temporal subjects; as active and complex informational, dispositional, belief-driven and memory-driven configurations of mental states with unique (personal) properties that interact. They are robust and pivotal subsystems of our global mental organization and are suffused with the phenomenality of perception. As constructs in internal and external time, selves have histories, memories, beliefs, skills, cognitive capacities, attitudes, standpoints, social and emotional equities, pre-dispositions and default responses. Yet they are neither causally nor ontologically reducible to their embodied physical states. They are, rather, implemented in them. The body, I maintain, is a necessary but insufficient condition for the occurrence of a self. (shrink)

O artigo pretende examinar um aspecto ainda pouco explorado no parágrafo 36 de Além do bem e do mal (BM), a saber: a função e o alcance do princípio da economia para a apresentação da hipótese da vontade de poder. A pertinência do princípio se estabelece, ao menos, a partir de Ockham e Newton, que prescrevem a simplicidade como critério para a decisão entre teorias ou explicações concorrentes. O foco aqui, no entanto, será a adesão efetivada por Richard Avenarius e (...) Ernst Mach, que conduzem o princípio da economia ao centro metodológico de seus empreendimentos filosóficos e são relevantes fontes para o uso que Nietzsche faz do princípio em BM §36. Avalia-se, por fim, que Nietzsche promove a redução econômica e estratégica ao confronto de forças (ou vontades) como alternativa à redução empiriocrítica, restrita a uma compreensão físico-mecânica do mundo, de Avenarius e Mach. Pondera-se também, como contraexemplo do princípio da economia, o paralelismo psicofísico de Wundt. Em suas considerações finais, o artigo indica, como perspectiva para futuros trabalhos, algumas vantagens da abordagem da vontade de poder a partir do princípio em questão, em especial, uma renovada direção para o exame do problema da circularidade e autorreferência. (shrink)

Exploring the dynamic interface of environmental psychology and psycholinguistics, this investigation delves into how simulated weather conditions – sunny versus rainy – affect emotional perceptions of linguistic stimuli within a Virtual Reality (VR) framework. Participants assessed words’ emotional valence being exposed to these distinct environmental simulations. Contrary to expectations, we found that while rainy conditions modestly prolonged response times, they did not significantly alter the emotional valence attributed to words. Our study shows that weather can affect emotional cognition, but intrinsic (...) emotional word properties are resilient to environmental influences. This highlights the complex interplay between environmental factors and linguistic processing and reaffirms the importance of environmental contexts in cognitive and emotional evaluations, especially in the face of climate change. By integrating VR technology with environmental psychology and linguistics, our research offers novel insights into the subtle yet significant ways in which virtual and real-world environments converge to shape human emotional and cognitive responses. (shrink)

El presente ensayo explora el itinerario de la crítica que Nietzsche ejerció sobre el arte de Wagner en tres pasos. Primero, se trata de reconocer la juvenil admiración del filósofo por la ópera wagneriana entendida como un renacimiento del drama musical antiguo. Luego, se explora el tránsito hacia su desilusión en la clave de la influencia de Schopenhauer sobre Wagner. Finalmente, el ensayo remata en la crítica madura de Nietzsche sobre Wagner, donde se advierten los prolegómenos decimonónicos de la transformación (...) general del arte en espectáculo en el sentido contemporáneo. (shrink)

In seiner Vorlesung "Uber das Willentliche und das Unwillentliche" unternimmt Suarez, der als Autor der Fruhen Neuzeit in seinem Werk wie nur wenige andere Autoren seiner Zeit die mittelalterliche Philosophie und Theologie systematisch aufnimmt und neu verarbeitet, den Versuch, die Willenstheorien der Patristik, der Hochscholastik und der fruhneuzeitlichen Aristotelesrezeption miteinander zu verknupfen. Das Werk entstammt einer Vorlesungsreihe, die Suarez zwischen 1578 und 1585 am Collegium Romanum auf Einladung von Papst Gregor XIII. abhielt. In der Diskussion der Willensfreiheit, der Rolle von (...) Zwang oder Gewalt und den verschiedenen Arten des Willentlichen legt Suarez den Grundstein fur seine spatere Moralphilosophie. (shrink)

Koselleck en su escrito Futuro Pasado, considera que la historia conceptual permite la comprensión del pensamiento socio-político ya que los conceptos son las herramientas con las que los actores de un momento histórico articularon sus estructuras socio-políticas, y proyectaron diversas expectativas sobre su futuro. Por otra parte, la implementación de la historia conceptual en el estudio del pensamiento socio-político latinoamericano, ofrece a la historia social y a la filosofía política una nueva mirada sobre la consolidación, el cambio o desaparición de (...) las sociedades, sus instituciones y sus conceptos políticos fundamentales. Ahora bien, en este escrito presento una aproximación sobre la libertad y su importancia como concepto fundamental del pensamiento socio-político, en el periodo de la Regeneración, en tres momentos. Primero, describo los lineamientos generales de la historia conceptual. Segundo, expongo la influencia de la historia conceptual en el estudio del pensamiento socio-político latinoamericano. Finalmente, establezco las posibilidades del análisis del concepto libertad durante el periodo de la Regeneración. (shrink)

Este artigo problematiza, sob o ponto de vista teórico da Análise do Discurso francesa, por que, em algumas regiões do Nordeste brasileiro, há quem evite pronunciar a palavra macaco e opte por usar em seu lugar outras palavras, tais como dezessete. A hipótese defendida é a de que essa prática cultural-discursiva, entendida aqui como uma forma de interdição, ocorre basicamente em regiões sertanejas onde a memória do cangaço é ainda marcadamente diluída no cotidiano. A partir da análise de discursos presentes (...) no dia a dia, este artigo pretende contribuir para uma compreensão mais acurada de uma particularidade sociocultural brasileira. (shrink)

El Furry Fandom es una subcultura en torno al interés por animales o criaturas antropomórficas, pero apenas ha sido investigada su población hispanohablante, a pesar de la instigación de los medios de comunicación españoles reproduciendo estereotipos de los medios americanos. El artículo aborda cómo se construye la identidad furry en España y sus relaciones con la práctica del género (regulada sexualmente); así como el uso de jerga. El método consta de observación participante en foros y en entrevistas para análisis de (...) casos; lo cual permitió un análisis de contenidos diversos, repertorios interpretativos y un análisis crítico del discurso . Como conclusión, el furry fandom enmarca cuestiones feministas a partir de la metáfora del cyborg, tales como qué papel debe tener la ciencia, ideología sobre la naturaleza humana y la necesidad de coalición de identidades. (shrink)

Hospitality can be considered a key institution in the social relationships in the ancient Mediterranean. To identify the people involved in a hospitality agreement, in certain contexts small objects were used in a similar way to a password, which the Greeks called symbolon and the Romans tessera hospitalis. We know how the latter were used thanks to Plautus' Poenulus. At least 64 pieces are currently known which may be identified as tesserae hospitales. All come from the Western Mediterranean. The majority (...) contain brief inscriptions, written in Etruscan, Latin, Greek, or Celtiberian. They share a series of common features, which impart a clear family resemblance beyond geographic, cultural, or linguistic borders. (shrink)

In the history of literary criticism the name of Ortega y Gasset is indispensable, since in this, as well as in all other sectors of cultural activity, the influence of his thought has been most decisive. He opened paths and established guidelines that remain in effect; his vision of the Quijote not only counterbalanced that of Unamuno, against which it purposely rebelled, but also, by underscoring the resources called into play by Cervantes in composing his master work, he has shaped (...) the attitudes of subsequent professional and academic criticism; and his analysis of the personalities of such important writers as Baroja is as yet unsurpassed. Among his many influential works, Francisco Ayala has written Reflexiones sobre la estructura narrativa (criticism) and España, a la fecha. (essays). His collected fiction appeared in 1969 under the title Obras narrativas completas. At Professor Ayala's request, this essay, and Ideas sobre Pío Baroja, by José Ortega y Gasset, were translated by Richard Ford. (shrink)

O pensamento de Cícero inaugura o republicanismo romano e se apresenta como uma reflexão política que busca analisar questões primordiais para a República, tendo Roma Antiga como referência. Amiúde, verifica-se nesse pensamento a utilização de exemplos da vida política real com o intuito de formular uma crítica ao regime romano. O presente artigo tem como propósito central, por meio da investigação de um problema de gravidade incontestável: a corrupção política, examinar o republicanismo de Cícero mediante suas noções fundamentais. Assim, teremos (...) três objetivos: primeiro, compreender a concepção de República alicerçada na virtude, no interesse comum e na justiça; o segundo, avaliar as razões pelas quais a igualdade e a liberdade se inscrevem como suportes indispensáveis no referido regime político; e, o terceiro, analisar como Cícero define a corrupção política, a maneira como ela penetra na República e suas prováveis consequências. (shrink)

In the Nile excursus of his Bellum Civile (10.172-333), Lucan portrays Caesar's inquiry into the source of the river, a well-known topos of human ambition, as an act of aggression, an imperialistic push to transgress natural boundaries. This aggressive drive is foiled by the duplicitous response of both the priest Acoreus and the divinity who inspires him. The digressive quality of the episode offers a redirection and setback for the character of Caesar, which are achieved through the momentary transference of (...) the conflict of the epic to the field of didactic exposition. (shrink)