Estudio de la relación entre María Zambrano y Gregorio Marañón en ocasión del viaje sudamericano de 1937 del segundo. El contexto es el de la Guerra civil española y el del posicionamiento de los intelectuales frente a ella. Se analiza la “salida” de Marañón y la acción intelectual de ambos en el eje del conflicto entre las categorías de “dos Españas” y “tercera España”. Estudio hermenéutico de la “Carta al Dr. Marañón”, de Zambrano, y de los artículos y conferencias (...) de Marañón durante el viaje en el contexto de la propaganda de la Guerra de España. (shrink)

This article is of both a historical and philosophical nature. It aims to present the intellectual relationship between the Spanish philosopher José Ortega y Gasset and one of the most influential German thinkers of the first half of the twentieth century, Nicolai Hartmann. It is based on hitherto unknown and unpublished correspondence that the philosophers conducted intermittently between 1907 and 1912. The correspondence was found in the archives of the José Ortega y Gasset – Gregorio Marañón Foundation in Madrid (...) along with other letters that show the relationship between the Spanish author and representatives of the neo-Kantian Marburg School, including its founder Hermann Cohen, as well as Paul Natorp, Ernst Cassirer, and Heinz Heimsoeth. (shrink)

This article addresses the service of financial companies to society from the perspective of the Catholic Social Teaching (hereinafter CST), specifically regarding conflicts of interest between banks and their customers. The article begins with a case based on interviews with professionals in the financial sector, which provides the context for the CST’s contribution. The analysis of the aforementioned conflicts points to an apparent disconnect between service to society and service to customers. Thus, the bank would set aside the customer’s interests (...) in exchange for a better service to society through good results. This article presents the CST’s normative framework to analyze this matter through some of the CST’s principles: the centrality of the person, the respect for her dignity, and the orientation to the common good. These principles and the CST’s ethical concept of service provide guidance in assessing these conflicts of interest. From an ethical point of view and according to CST, there cannot be a true service to society if the dignity of the client is not respected. It is necessary to review the organization’s incentive policy and level of awareness about the importance of customer service. We end with recommendations related to conflicts of interest with clients. (shrink)

Although work–family conflict is highly relevant for both families and businesses, scarce attention has received from business ethics perspective. This article focuses on the latter, presenting a set of relevant insights from Catholic Social Teaching (CST). After reviewing the foundations and principles presented by CST regarding work–family relationships, a set of normative propositions are presented to develop work–family policies and for a correct personal work–family balance. It is argued that business responsibility with employees’ family should be considered as a part (...) of Corporate Social Responsibility. In addition, the applications of these principles and propositions can lead to a mutual enrichment of both business and family. (shrink)

The constitution of the Islamic State emerged as a very dangerous reality, that it was going take advantage of the weakness of Syria and Iraq to become a serious threat to the balance in the Middle East. His call to jihad would seduce thousands of Muslims around the world to came to fight for its consolidation and expansion, and this would worry western countries that saw their own citizens also come. Concern for this phenomenon led to the making of the (...) British miniseries the State, where it is about and describes the life and fate of several European volunteers in the territories under the rule of the Islamic State. This article addresses, from the perspective of visual history, the ideological and discursive keys posed by of this television fiction. (shrink)

¿Es seguro navegar por Internet? ¿Están mis datos a salvo de intrusos? ¿Arrancará mi ordenador mañana? Todos los usuarios de las tecnologías de la información se formulan en uno u otro momento preguntas similares. En definitiva, ¿qué es la seguridad de la información? ¿Qué queremos decir cuando decimos que algo es seguro o no lo es?

La investigación clínica es la actividad encaminada a conocer el resultado de una intervención o un producto para el diagnóstico o la terapéutica en los seres humanos. El ensayo clínico es el principal exponente de la investigación clínica y toda evaluación experimental de una sustancia o medicamento en seres humanos. En Cuba, existe un desarrollo importante de la biotecnología y de los centros de investigación que necesitan de ensayos clínicos según estándares nacionales e internacionales. En el presente trabajo se exponen (...) aspectos relacionados con la evolución histórica de la Investigación Clínica, el Ensayo Clínico y su contexto en el país como un primer acercamiento al tema. Clinical research is just that activity to know the potential diagnostic or therapeutic nature of an intervention or a product in humans. The clinical trial is the leading exponent of clinical research and the whole experimental evaluation of a substance or drug in humans and has revolutionized medical practice around the mundo.Sus precursors date back to the XVII and XVIII centuries and evolved since this methodology until the randomized controlled clinical trial. From the fifties significant regulatory and ethical changes appear. In Cuba, there is a significant development of biotechnology and research institutions that require clinical trials to national and international standards. This paper aims to clarify aspects of the historical development of Clinical Research, Clinical Trial in Cuba and its context as a first approach to the subject. (shrink)

This paper addresses a potentially major shift in environmental and landscape aesthetics, which reassesses the traditional view on landscape in light of the idea of global environment. Landscaping is thus rethought as a mode of creatively being on Earth. For this purpose, the paper begins by providing a definition of Earth as a completely semiotized and therefore “plastic” space which is continuously re-shaped by traces, semantic processes and human practices. Earth-shaping practices are then investigated as gestures of poetic overwriting, capable (...) of inhabiting interconnected non-equilibrium landscapes. The paper concludes by examining the case-study of DOM-, an artistic collective that performs ways of dwelling in damaged territories and exploited environments. (shrink)

Background Euthanasia is a controversial practice in many countries. Since Spain’s Euthanasia Law came into effect on March 24, 2021, healthcare providers have faced a new challenge since they must inform patients, provide care, accompany them, and implement the law. It also represents a new stumbling block at universities, which must adapt to regulatory changes and educate future professionals accordingly. Little is known about the attitude of nursing students in Spain toward euthanasia since this law was implemented. Objective This study (...) aims to answer the following research questions: What is the attitude of nursing students toward euthanasia? What factors influence this attitude? Research design A cross-sectional study was conducted using an online questionnaire. Participants and research context The study population comprised all nursing students at a public university in Barcelona ( n = 444), Spain, during the 2022–2023 academic year. The validated Spanish version of the Euthanasia Attitude Scale was employed. A bivariate analysis was performed. Ethical considerations The university Ethics Committee (CEEAH 6247) approved this study. All participating students signed an informed consent form. Participation was voluntary, and data anonymity and confidentiality were guaranteed. Results Two hundred and forty-four nursing students responded to the questionnaire. The mean total score was 79.64. Participants with religious beliefs presented lower scores, indicating a more negative attitude toward euthanasia. Participants in their second, third, or fourth year of the nursing degree scored higher, demonstrating a more positive attitude. Conclusions The attitude of nursing students toward euthanasia was remarkably positive. Working on ethical content during the degree course and clinical practice are factors that help to develop a more positive attitude. In addition, nursing education should encourage professional aspects to prevail over religious beliefs in euthanasia situations. (shrink)

"Gregorio Piaia si è formato presso l'Università di Padova, dove si laureò il 17 febbraio 1968 con una tesi coordinata da Carlo Giacon sul tema dell'averroismo politico nel pensiero di Marsilio da Padova. Tra i suoi maestri è da ricordare ancora Giovanni Santinello, del quale fu il principale collaboratore nel guidare il gruppo di lavoro formato da giovani studiosi impegnati nel progetto di una grande Storia delle storie generali della filosofia, uscita in prima edizione in lingua italiana tra il (...) 1979 e il 2004 ed ora in corso di traduzione e aggiornamento in lingua inglese. La vita "pubblica" di Piaia si è svolta essenzialmente nella sua funzione di professore universitario, all'inizio come docente in formazione presso l'Università di Padova, poi quale professore associato presso l'Università di Verona, infine dal 1987 di nuovo a Padova, dove in qualità di professore ordinario tenne per quasi trent'anni la cattedra di storia della filosofia. Padova, Verona, il Veneto: certamente questi sono stati i riferimenti territoriali entro i quali si è compiuta la carriera accademica del bellunese Piaia. Ma egli estese ben presto l'ambito della sua attività di docente oltre questi limiti geografici, in Europa e nelle Americhe. Lo stesso spirito di apertura ha animato l'attività scientifica di Gregorio Piaia, che non si è svolta in limiti territoriali o di scuola precisi ma all'interno di una vasta "repubblica delle lettere" dai contorni più internazionali che nazionali: ne è testimonianza il suo ruolo di direttore o redattore di importanti riviste e la sua presenza nelle più rilevanti società di promozione degli studi filosofici e storico-filosofici. Non meno degna di nota, infine, è la sua costante attenzione e disponibilità nei confronti dei giovani studiosi. Il presente volume intende essere modesto segno della stima di cui gode e dell'ampiezza dei suoi interessi di ricerca." --Contratapa. (shrink)

Recent developments in science and technology point to the need to unify, and extend, the definition of memory. On the one hand, molecular neurobiology has shown that memory is largely a chemical process, which includes conditioning and any form of stored experience. On the other hand, information technology has led many to claim that cognition is also extended, that is, memory may be stored outside of the brain. In this paper, we review these advances and describe the increasingly accepted extended (...) definition of memory. This definition is largely accepted in neuroscience but not explicitly stated. In the extended definition, memory is the capacity to store and/or retrieve information. Does this new definition of memory mean that everything is now a form of memory? We stress that memory still requires incorporation, that is, a corpore. It is a relationship -- where one biological or chemical process is incorporated into another, and changes both in a permanent way. Looking at natural and biological processes of incorporation can help us think of how incorporation of internal and external memory occurs in cognition. We further argue that, if we accept that there is such a thing as the storage of information outside the brain -- and that this organic, dynamic process can also be called “memory” -- then we open the door to a very different world. The mind is not static. The brain, and the memory it uses, is a work in progress; we are not now who we were then. (shrink)

Desde el inicio de los _Troubles_ la situación en Irlanda del Norte estuvo marcada por la violencia del IRA y la confrontación sectaria entre las comunidades católicas y protestantes. En el inicio de la década de los años 90 se abrió un nuevo panorama de esperanza a la hora de poner fin al terrorismo, gracias a los Acuerdos del Viernes Santo (10 de abril de 1998). Este artículo analiza las claves y el contexto del filme _The Boxer_ (1997), del reconocido (...) director dublinés Jim Sheridan, desde la metodología de las relaciones de historia y cine. La película, previa a los acuerdos, establece como el cine de ficción puede ser una manera de influir (positivamente) en la sociedad, además de convertirse en un retrato real y simbólico sobre la crudeza y afección de la violencia y la sinrazón más manifiesta que tanto daño provocó en la sociedad norirlandesa. (shrink)

Lire les �uvres de philosophie grecque revient la plupart du temps à lire un corpus limité de textes érigés en «classiques» déconnectés de leurs sites. Pour désenclaver cette sélection, on propose ici d�ouvrir le canon des textes philosophiques grecs moyennant une prise en compte des voyages de ces textes en Occident, de leur forme ainsi que de leur lieu de production. L�article décrit d�une part deux formes de transit des textes philosophiques grecs?: le transit homogène philologico-humaniste, le transit hétérogène des (...) médiations entre nous et l�antiquité. D�autre part, on présente trois formes situées dans l�espace grec?: le logos du temple de Parménide, le dialogos du théâtre de Platon et la dialogê du Lycée d�Aristote. (shrink)

El artículo de Alejandro Pidal y Mon sobre "La doctrina científica de santo Tomás" en el primer número de la Revista ofrece la oportunidad de volver a la intuición de fondo del aprecio por el maestro dominico. Es cierto que santo Tomás se coloca en la estela de los grandes maestros de la razón. En su afán por reivindicar el valor de la razón humana otorga a la doctrina sagrada el calificativo de ciencia. Pero es preciso, ya desde el comienzo, (...) advertir que aquí habla de la doctrina sagrada, no de los métodos. Con su tesis sobre el carácter científico de la sagrada doctrina pretende reivindicar el valor de la misma en el ámbito del saber. Pero en sus métodos mantiene que, entre las referencias, la primera es la Sagrada Escritura, aunque sin renunciar, por supuesto, a otras argumentaciones como probables. Por eso, reducir la teología una ciencia de conclusiones no es lo más característico de la doctrina de santo Tomás.Alejandro Pidal y Pon’s article on "St Thomas scientific doctrine" in the first issue of the magazine gives us the opportunity of returning to the basic intuition of the esteem for the Dominican master. It is true that St Thomas followed the steps of the reason great masters. Trying to claim responsibility for the value of the human reason, he labels the sacred doctrine as science. But it is necessary from the beginning to tell that here he is talking of the sacred doctrine, not of the methods. With his thesis of the scientific character of the sacred doctrine, he tries to claim its value in the ground of knowing. But in his methods, he holds that, among his references, the Sacred Scripture is the first, without renouncing of course to other arguments as probable. So, reducing Theology to a science of conclusions is not St Thomas’ most characteristic. (shrink)

El término red social se ha utilizado para denotar conjuntos complejos de relaciones entre miembros de los sistemas sociales en todas las dimensiones, desde el ámbito interpersonal hasta el internacional. Los jóvenes utilizan las redes sociales como un elemento de comunicación a través de las Nuevas Tecnologías. Estos espacios virtuales son una evasión para ellos, pero hay que alertar a los menores del peligro de revelar datos personales a través de Internet.

Business Ethics: A European Review, EarlyView.

A pesar de que la mujer musulmana todavía está fuertemente discriminada, hay espacios muy sugerentes e interesantes de reivindicación y de visibilización, como es el cine. Este artículo, por lo tanto, muestra como desde la ficción cinematográfica se pueden trabajar y mostrar los problemas, situaciones y realidades de la mujer en el mundo islámico, en el aula. Y, al mismo tiempo, no solo es una inducción al reconocimiento de su figura sino un modo muy acertado de impulsar un cambio de (...) mentalidades que ayuden a comprender su áspera y amarga realidad, al mismo tiempo que nos sensibiliza con su cultura y contribuye a desechar prejuicios comúnmente existentes con sus creencias. (shrink)

La teología de santo Tomás es una tarea de mediación entre la concepción cristiana del universo y el conocimiento de la cultura humana. El artículo presenta su originalidad en este cometido siguiendo la lectura de los textos. La primera parte presenta su vocación cristiana en el contexto de las innovaciones culturales del siglo XIII. La segunda, ofrece el contexto de los debates que santo Tomás mantuvo con teólogos y filósofos. Así puede ofrecer en la tercera parte la síntesis original del (...) maestro dominico, es decir, unir ambos campos sin confundirlos. El autor subraya la condición teológica de esta síntesis. En la cuarta parte aclara que esta posición no significa reducir la fe a una metafísica ni tampoco dejar la razón al arbitrio de la teología. (shrink)

What contribution has Umberto Eco’s historical fiction made to knowledge of the history of medieval philosophy? His first and most famous novel, The Name of the Rose, had the merit of drawing the attention of the common reader to mediaeval thought, which is usually neglected and still not widely known. However, this portrayal was characterized by a negative and deforming image of medieval monasticism and its philosophical conceptions. By contrast the scholastic Middle Ages were looked upon by Eco with very (...) modern —even “postmodern”— eyes, so that very little was left of the Middle Ages themselves. (shrink)

Ernst Haeckel was convinced that the origin of language was the keyto understand human evolution. The distinguished slavist AugustSchleicher was his original inspiration on that matter but hiscousin Wilhelm Bleek was the deciisive source for his views of human language. Bleek lived in Southern Africa, studied Xhosa andZulu, and had the rare opportunity to learn the bushman languagewhich, with its characteristic clicks, suggested the form of theoriginal human language in its evolution from ape-like sounds.Haeckel's view of anthropology based on cultural (...) elements ratherthan physical characters alone was shared by other scholars includingthe Vienna-based Friedrich Mueller who applied Haeckel's approachin his studies during the voyage of the Habsburg ship ``Novara.'' Haeckel's anthropological views were heavily entangled with contemporaryconceps of race so that he and Mueller related different languages todifferent human groups both from a cultural and racial angle. Suchracialist attitude presented obvious political implications which allauthors mentioned denied vehemently. (shrink)

We explore offshore outsourcing through the lenses of Catholic Social Teaching (CST). First, we review the outcomes of the 30-year debate in business ethics on issues related to offshore outsourcing. We then cluster authors into two groups—the justice-centered approach and the welfare-centered approach—corresponding to different perspectives on the ethical challenges of offshoring. In the second part, we present and apply the four fundamental principles of the CST (human dignity, subsidiarity, solidarity and the common good) to offshoring, in dialogue with the (...) previous debate. The unity and interconnection among the CST’s fundamental tenets provide a cohesive framework that integrates the points made by the justice-centered and welfare-centered approaches, while introducing the principle of solidarity, more focused on the worker as a person and their flourishing. CST also stresses the need to initiate processes oriented toward structural changes for the sake of human dignity and the common good. (shrink)

SummaryThis article examines the relationship of Jeremy Bentham and some of his disciples within Romantic Liberalism in the Mediterranean in the early 1820s. By studying the content of Bentham's correspondence with his collaborators and some Spanish political leaders, the text sheds light on Bentham's ideas on constitutional rule, the independence of Latin America and religious tolerance.

Comparando os textos não muito longos de Erasmo e de Tomás Morus a respeito da guerra, percebe-se que este possui influências daquele. Para ambos, há uma clara e radical oposição entre a guerra e o filósofo. Para a guerra, são precisos corpos rudes, que não pensam; para a Filosofia, cérebros interrogadores. Morus parece encontrar mais facilidade em aceitar alguma forma de guerra, enquanto Erasmo vitupera mais acertadamente a estupidez desta forma de violência.

A assim chamada “Doação de Constantino”, pela qual o papa ter-se-ia tornado senhor temporal, foi julgada, geralmente, de forma negativa pelos pensadores do século XIV, ou como uma ação de duplo efeito. Marsílio de Pádua a encara sob outro aspecto: a doação mostra que o imperador era superior ao papa e aos demais hierarcas da Igreja. Daí ele deduz que, dentro da sociedade, também da sociedade cristã, o imperador é a autoridade coativa suprema, da qual promana o poder coativo eventualmente (...) exercido pelo papa e os bispos. PALAVRAS-CHAVE – Doação de Constantino. Poder coativo. Imperador. Papa. ABSTRACT The so called “Constantine Donation”, by which the pope would have become the temporal Lord, was usually regarded negatively by XIV century thinkers, or as a double effect action. Marsilius of Padua faces such problem in a different approach: the donation shows that the emperor was superior to the pope and to the others in Church hierarchy. Hence he deduces that inside society, also Christian society, the emperor is the supreme coactive authority, from whom all coactive power eventually enforced by the pope and the bishops arise. KEY WORDS – Constantine donation. Coactive power. Emperor. Pope. (shrink)