Results for 'Paul Eberhardt'

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  1. Das religiöse erlebnis..Paul Eberhardt - 1914 - Gotha,: F. A. Perthes a.-g..
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  2. Umweltgebundenheit und Weltoffenheit.Paul Karl Eberhardt - 1953 - München,:
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  3. Worin liegt der wert des Christentums als religion?Paul Friedrich Eberhardt - 1914 - Gotha,: F. A. Perthes a.-g..
     
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  4. Menschenliebe, gerechtigkeit und duldsamkeit als grundpfeiler der menschlichen gesellschaft.Robert Richter, August Messer, Paul Eberhardt & Eugen Wolfsdorf (eds.) - 1915 - Gotha,: F. A. Perthes a.-g..
     
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  5.  15
    Eberhardt, Paul, das Ungeheure. Von dem Irrtum des Lebens ohne Gott.Hermann Bauke - 1917 - Kant Studien 21 (1-3).
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  6.  16
    Eberhardt, Paul. Von der Möglichkeit und Notwendigkeit der reinen Religion. Gotha.Kurt Kesseler - 1917 - Kant Studien 21 (1-3).
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  7.  53
    Imagining the Course of Life: Self-Transformation in a Shan Buddhist Community.Nancy Eberhardt - 2006 - University of Hawaii Press.
    Imagining the Course of Life offers a rich portrait of rural life in contemporary Southeast Asia and an accessible introduction to the complexities of Theravada Buddhism as it is actually lived and experienced. It is both an ethnography of indigenous views of human development and a theoretical consideration of how any ethnopsychology is embedded in society and culture. Drawing on long-term fieldwork in a Shan village in northern Thailand, Nancy Eberhardt illustrates how indigenous theories of the life course are (...)
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  8. Interventions and causal inference.Frederick Eberhardt & Richard Scheines - 2007 - Philosophy of Science 74 (5):981-995.
    The literature on causal discovery has focused on interventions that involve randomly assigning values to a single variable. But such a randomized intervention is not the only possibility, nor is it always optimal. In some cases it is impossible or it would be unethical to perform such an intervention. We provide an account of ‘hard' and ‘soft' interventions and discuss what they can contribute to causal discovery. We also describe how the choice of the optimal intervention(s) depends heavily on the (...)
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  9. Reliability via synthetic a priori: Reichenbach’s doctoral thesis on probability.Frederick Eberhardt - 2011 - Synthese 181 (1):125-136.
    Hans Reichenbach is well known for his limiting frequency view of probability, with his most thorough account given in The Theory of Probability in 1935/1949. Perhaps less known are Reichenbach's early views on probability and its epistemology. In his doctoral thesis from 1915, Reichenbach espouses a Kantian view of probability, where the convergence limit of an empirical frequency distribution is guaranteed to exist thanks to the synthetic a priori principle of lawful distribution. Reichenbach claims to have given a purely objective (...)
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  10. Direct Causes and the Trouble with Soft Interventions.Frederick Eberhardt - 2014 - Erkenntnis 79 (4):1-23.
    An interventionist account of causation characterizes causal relations in terms of changes resulting from particular interventions. I provide a new example of a causal relation for which there does not exist an intervention satisfying the common interventionist standard. I consider adaptations that would save this standard and describe their implications for an interventionist account of causation. No adaptation preserves all the aspects that make the interventionist account appealing. Part of the fallout is a clearer account of the difficulties in characterizing (...)
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  11.  28
    A Cognitive Elaboration Model of Sustainability Decision Making: Investigating Financial Managers’ Orientation Toward Environmental Issues.Edina Eberhardt-Toth & David M. Wasieleski - 2013 - Journal of Business Ethics 117 (4):735-751.
    This empirical paper examines individual-level cognitive factors associated with developing an orientation to sustainable development issues among a population of business practitioners from France. Across two studies, we survey 180 financial managers and 83 finance students, as well as 144 managers from other business disciplines and 117 non-finance business students. We consider ability and motivation variables integrated and adapted into a cognitive elaboration model for sustainable decision making. Specifically, we examine the degree of influence of two factors on the ethical (...)
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  12.  37
    A contemporary example of Reichenbachian coordination.Frederick Eberhardt - 2022 - Synthese 200 (2):1-14.
    This article is an attempt to provide an example that illustrates Hans Reichenbach’s concept of coordination. Throughout Reichenbach’s career the concept of coordination played an important role in his understanding of the connection between reality and how it is scientifically described. Reichenbach never fully specified what coordination is and how exactly it works. Instead, we are left with a variety of hints and gestures, many not entirely consistent with each other and several that are subject to change over the course (...)
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  13.  94
    Green and grue causal variables.Frederick Eberhardt - 2016 - Synthese 193 (4).
    The causal Bayes net framework specifies a set of axioms for causal discovery. This article explores the set of causal variables that function as relata in these axioms. Spirtes showed how a causal system can be equivalently described by two different sets of variables that stand in a non-trivial translation-relation to each other, suggesting that there is no “correct” set of causal variables. I extend Spirtes’ result to the general framework of linear structural equation models and then explore to what (...)
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  14.  13
    Fat girl on TV: humor, embodiment and the aberration of fatness in neoliberal media.Maeve Eberhardt - forthcoming - Critical Discourse Studies.
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  15. Introduction to the epistemology of causation.Frederick Eberhardt - 2009 - Philosophy Compass 4 (6):913-925.
    This survey presents some of the main principles involved in discovering causal relations. They belong to a large array of possible assumptions and conditions about causal relations, whose various combinations limit the possibilities of acquiring causal knowledge in different ways. How much and in what detail the causal structure can be discovered from what kinds of data depends on the particular set of assumptions one is able to make. The assumptions considered here provide a starting point to explore further the (...)
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  16.  28
    Hans Reichenbach's probability logic.Frederick Eberhardt & Clark Glymour - 2004 - In Dov M. Gabbay, John Woods & Akihiro Kanamori (eds.), Handbook of the history of logic. Boston: Elsevier. pp. 10--357.
  17.  95
    Experimental Indistinguishability of Causal Structures.Frederick Eberhardt - 2013 - Philosophy of Science 80 (5):684-696.
    Using a variety of different results from the literature, I show how causal discovery with experiments is limited unless substantive assumptions about the underlying causal structure are made. These results undermine the view that experiments, such as randomized controlled trials, can independently provide a gold standard for causal discovery. Moreover, I present a concrete example in which causal underdetermination persists despite exhaustive experimentation and argue that such cases undermine the appeal of an interventionist account of causation as its dependence on (...)
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  18.  17
    Everyday Morality.Nancy Eberhardt - 2014 - Journal of Religious Ethics 42 (3):393-414.
    This essay explores the nexus between Buddhist discourse, moral reasoning, and aspects of indigenous ethnopsychology in a Shan community in northern Thailand. I suggest that these three strands of thought are routinely braided together in intricate ways and, furthermore, that some version of this conceptual arrangement is necessary in order for any moral thinking to take place. That is, all moral thought entails some conception of the way the world is structured (a conception that may or may not be based (...)
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  19.  53
    N − 1 Experiments Suffice to Determine the Causal Relations Among N Variables.Frederick Eberhardt, Clark Glymour & Richard Scheines - unknown
    By combining experimental interventions with search procedures for graphical causal models we show that under familiar assumptions, with perfect data, N - 1 experiments suffice to determine the causal relations among N > 2 variables when each experiment randomizes at most one variable. We show the same bound holds for adaptive learners, but does not hold for N > 4 when each experiment can simultaneously randomize more than one variable. This bound provides a type of ideal for the measure of (...)
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  20.  46
    Causal Emergence: When Distortions in a Map Obscure the Territory.Frederick Eberhardt & Lin Lin Lee - 2022 - Philosophies 7 (2):30.
    We provide a critical assessment of the account of causal emergence presented in Erik Hoel’s 2017 article “When the map is better than the territory”. The account integrates causal and information theoretic concepts to explain under what circumstances there can be causal descriptions of a system at multiple scales of analysis. We show that the causal macro variables implied by this account result in interventions with significant ambiguity, and that the operations of marginalization and abstraction do not commute. Both of (...)
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  21.  39
    Direct Cause.Frederick Eberhardt - unknown
    An interventionist account of causation characterizes causal relations in terms of changes resulting from particular interventions. We provide an example of a causal relation for which there does not exist an intervention satisfying the common interventionist standard. We consider adaptations that would save this standard and describe their implications for an interventionist account of causation. No adaptation preserves all the aspects that make the interventionist account appealing.
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  22. A sufficient condition for pooling data.Frederick Eberhardt - 2008 - Synthese 163 (3):433 - 442.
    We consider the problems arising from using sequences of experiments to discover the causal structure among a set of variables, none of whom are known ahead of time to be an “outcome”. In particular, we present various approaches to resolve conflicts in the experimental results arising from sampling variability in the experiments. We provide a sufficient condition that allows for pooling of data from experiments with different joint distributions over the variables. Satisfaction of the condition allows for an independence test (...)
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  23.  22
    Cybernetic Determinants in the Evolution of Brain and Culture.Nikolai Eberhardt - 2010 - Biological Theory 5 (1):31-39.
    Within a physicalist-mechanistic worldview, in which we cannot be more than intelligent, self-reproducing biomachines or biobots, fundamentals of a new approach to the science of human self-explanation are outlined. Some a priori logical necessities, or determinants, of any biobot’s control system design are recognized. Evolution had to satisfy them, but neuroscience and cognitive science so far do not clearly see these basics. It is concluded that the old part of the brain still contains the genetically fixed drives, responses, and the (...)
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  24. Erkennen, Werten, Handeln.Margarete Eberhardt - 1950 - Hamburg,: R. Meiner.
    [1] Das Werten.--[2] Das Erkennen.--[3] Das Handeln.
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  25.  14
    Religion als »das Opium des Volkes«Religion as »Opium of the people«.Joachim Eberhardt - 2019 - Deutsche Vierteljahrsschrift für Literaturwissenschaft Und Geistesgeschichte 93 (3):263-286.
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  26. (1 other version)Beitrag zur Gliederung der Philosophie.Eberhardt Zwirner - 1932 - Société Française de Philosophie, Bulletin 37:131.
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  27. Confirmation in the Cognitive Sciences: The Problematic Case of Bayesian Models. [REVIEW]Frederick Eberhardt & David Danks - 2011 - Minds and Machines 21 (3):389-410.
    Bayesian models of human learning are becoming increasingly popular in cognitive science. We argue that their purported confirmation largely relies on a methodology that depends on premises that are inconsistent with the claim that people are Bayesian about learning and inference. Bayesian models in cognitive science derive their appeal from their normative claim that the modeled inference is in some sense rational. Standard accounts of the rationality of Bayesian inference imply predictions that an agent selects the option that maximizes the (...)
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  28.  87
    Gift Giving, Guanxi and Illicit Payments in Buyer–Supplier Relations in China: Analysing the Experience of UK Companies.Andrew Millington, Markus Eberhardt & Barry Wilkinson - 2005 - Journal of Business Ethics 57 (3):255-268.
    . This paper explores the relationship between gift giving, guanxi and corruption through a study of the relationships between UK manufacturing companies in China and their local component suppliers. The analysis is based on interviews in the China-based operations of 49 UK companies. Interviews were carried out both with senior (often expatriate) staff and with local line managers who were responsible for everyday purchasing decisions and for managing relationships with suppliers. The results suggest that gift giving is perceived to be (...)
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  29. Actual causation: a stone soup essay.Clark Glymour David Danks, Bruce Glymour Frederick Eberhardt, Joseph Ramsey Richard Scheines, Peter Spirtes Choh Man Teng & Zhang Jiji - 2010 - Synthese 175 (2):169--192.
    We argue that current discussions of criteria for actual causation are ill-posed in several respects. (1) The methodology of current discussions is by induction from intuitions about an infinitesimal fraction of the possible examples and counterexamples; (2) cases with larger numbers of causes generate novel puzzles; (3) “neuron” and causal Bayes net diagrams are, as deployed in discussions of actual causation, almost always ambiguous; (4) actual causation is (intuitively) relative to an initial system state since state changes are relevant, but (...)
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  30.  28
    Implicit visual learning and the expression of learning.Hilde Haider, Katharina Eberhardt, Alexander Kunde & Michael Rose - 2013 - Consciousness and Cognition 22 (1):82-98.
    Although the existence of implicit motor learning is now widely accepted, the findings concerning perceptual implicit learning are ambiguous. Some researchers have observed perceptual learning whereas other authors have not. The review of the literature provides different reasons to explain this ambiguous picture, such as differences in the underlying learning processes, selective attention, or differences in the difficulty to express this knowledge. In three experiments, we investigated implicit visual learning within the original serial reaction time task. We used different response (...)
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  31. Extending Ourselves: Computational Science, Empiricism, and Scientific Method.Paul Humphreys - 2004 - New York, US: Oxford University Press.
    Computational methods such as computer simulations, Monte Carlo methods, and agent-based modeling have become the dominant techniques in many areas of science. Extending Ourselves contains the first systematic philosophical account of these new methods, and how they require a different approach to scientific method. Paul Humphreys draws a parallel between the ways in which such computational methods have enhanced our abilities to mathematically model the world, and the more familiar ways in which scientific instruments have expanded our access to (...)
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  32.  28
    Audiovisual spoken word training can promote or impede auditory-only perceptual learning: prelingually deafened adults with late-acquired cochlear implants versus normal hearing adults.Lynne E. Bernstein, Silvio P. Eberhardt & Edward T. Auer - 2014 - Frontiers in Psychology 5.
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  33. Respect for Nature: A Theory of Environmental Ethics.Paul W. Taylor (ed.) - 1986
    What rational justification is there for conceiving of all living things as possessing inherent worth? In _Respect for Nature_, Paul Taylor draws on biology, moral philosophy, and environmental science to defend a biocentric environmental ethic in which all life has value. Without making claims for the moral rights of plants and animals, he offers a reasoned alternative to the prevailing anthropocentric view--that the natural environment and its wildlife are valued only as objects for human use or enjoyment. _Respect for (...)
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  34.  24
    Combining Experiments to Discover Linear Cyclic Models with Latent Variables.Richard Scheines, Frederick Eberhardt & Patrik O. Hoyer - unknown
    We present an algorithm to infer causal relations between a set of measured variables on the basis of experiments on these variables. The algorithm assumes that the causal relations are linear, but is otherwise completely general: It provides consistent estimates when the true causal structure contains feedback loops and latent variables, while the experiments can involve surgical or `soft' interventions on one or multiple variables at a time. The algorithm is `online' in the sense that it combines the results from (...)
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  35.  10
    Fernández Liria, Carlos, En defensa del populismo, Catarata, Madrid, 2016, 240 pp. [REVIEW]Adara Cifre Eberhardt - 2017 - Anales Del Seminario de Historia de la Filosofía 34 (1):275-277.
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  36. Kant and the Claims of Knowledge.Paul Guyer - 1987 - New York: Cambridge University Press.
    This book offers a radically new account of the development and structure of the central arguments of Kant's Critique of Pure Reason: the defense of the objective validity of such categories as substance, causation, and independent existence. Paul Guyer makes far more extensive use than any other commentator of historical materials from the years leading up to the publication of the Critique and surrounding its revision, and he shows that the work which has come down to us is the (...)
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  37.  23
    Conceptual Problems in Statistics, Testing and Experimentation.David Danks & Frederick Eberhardt - unknown
  38.  64
    Equidynamics and reliable reasoning about frequencies: Michael Strevens: Tychomancy: Inferring probability from causal structure. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 265pp, $39.95 HB.Marshall Abrams, Frederick Eberhardt & Michael Strevens - 2015 - Metascience 24 (2):173-188.
    A symposium on Michael Strevens' book "Tychomancy", concerning the psychological roots and historical significance of physical intuition about probability in physics, biology, and elsewhere.
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  39.  21
    Approximate Causal Abstraction.Sander Beckers, Frederick Eberhardt & Joseph Y. Halpern - 2019 - Proceedings of the 35Th Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence.
    Scientific models describe natural phenomena at different levels of abstraction. Abstract descriptions can provide the basis for interventions on the system and explanation of observed phenomena at a level of granularity that is coarser than the most fundamental account of the system. Beckers and Halpern (2019), building on work of Rubenstein et al. (2017), developed an account of abstraction for causal models that is exact. Here we extend this account to the more realistic case where an abstract causal model offers (...)
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  40. Explaining norms and norms explained.David Danks & Frederick Eberhardt - 2009 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 32 (1):86-87.
    Oaksford & Chater (O&C) aim to provide teleological explanations of behavior by giving an appropriate normative standard: Bayesian inference. We argue that there is no uncontroversial independent justification for the normativity of Bayesian inference, and that O&C fail to satisfy a necessary condition for teleological explanations: demonstration that the normative prescription played a causal role in the behavior's existence.
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  41.  48
    Keeping Bayesian models rational: The need for an account of algorithmic rationality.David Danks & Frederick Eberhardt - 2011 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 34 (4):197-197.
    We argue that the authors’ call to integrate Bayesian models more strongly with algorithmic- and implementational-level models must go hand in hand with a call for a fully developed account of algorithmic rationality. Without such an account, the integration of levels would come at the expense of the explanatory benefit that rational models provide.
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  42.  17
    Blocking and appetitive reinforcement.Edward S. Halas & Marilou J. Eberhardt - 1987 - Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society 25 (2):121-123.
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  43. Proceedings of the 33rd Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence (UAI). Zhalama, Jiji Zhang, Frederick Eberhardt & Wolfgang Mayer - 2017 - Association for Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence (AUAI).
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  44.  60
    SAT-based causal discovery under weaker assumptions. Zhalama, Jiji Zhang, Frederick Eberhardt & Wolfgang Mayer - 2017 - In Zhalama, Jiji Zhang, Frederick Eberhardt & Wolfgang Mayer (eds.), Proceedings of the 33rd Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence (UAI). Association for Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence (AUAI).
    Using the flexibility of recently developed methods for causal discovery based on Boolean satisfiability solvers, we encode a variety of assumptions that weaken the Faithfulness assumption. The encoding results in a number of SAT-based algorithms whose asymptotic correctness relies on weaker conditions than are standardly assumed. This implementation of a whole set of assumptions in the same platform enables us to systematically explore the effect of weakening the Faithfulness assumption on causal discovery. An important effect, suggested by simulation results, is (...)
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  45. Conquest of Abundance: A Tale of Abstraction versus the Richness of Being.Paul Feyerabend & Bert Terpstra - 1999 - Philosophy 75 (294):618-622.
    From flea bites to galaxies, from love affairs to shadows, Paul Feyerabend reveled in the sensory and intellectual abundance that surrounds us. He found it equally striking that human senses and human intelligence are able to take in only a fraction of these riches. "This a blessing, not a drawback," he writes. "A superconscious organism would not be superwise, it would be paralyzed." This human reduction of experience to a manageable level is the heart of _Conquest of Abundance_, the (...)
     
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  46.  11
    After Confucius: studies in early Chinese philosophy.Paul Rakita Goldin - 2005 - Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press.
    After Confucius is a collection of eight studies of Chinese philosophy from the time of Confucius to the formation of the empire in the second and third centuries B.C.E. As detailed in a masterful introduction, each essay serves as a concrete example of thick description - an approach invented by philosopher Gilbert Ryle - which aims to reveal the logic that informs an observable exchange among members of a community or society. To grasp the significance of such exchanges, it is (...)
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  47. Actual causation: a stone soup essay.Clark Glymour, David Danks, Bruce Glymour, Frederick Eberhardt, Joseph Ramsey & Richard Scheines - 2010 - Synthese 175 (2):169-192.
    We argue that current discussions of criteria for actual causation are ill-posed in several respects. (1) The methodology of current discussions is by induction from intuitions about an infinitesimal fraction of the possible examples and counterexamples; (2) cases with larger numbers of causes generate novel puzzles; (3) "neuron" and causal Bayes net diagrams are, as deployed in discussions of actual causation, almost always ambiguous; (4) actual causation is (intuitively) relative to an initial system state since state changes are relevant, but (...)
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  48.  95
    Mystical Encounters with the Natural World:Experiences and Explanations: Experiences and Explanations.Paul Marshall - 2005 - Oxford University Press.
    Mystical experiences of the natural world bring a sense of unity, knowledge, self-transcendence, eternity, light, and love. This is the first detailed study of these intriguing phenomena. Paul Marshall surveys and evaluates a wide range of explanations put forward by religious thinkers, philosophers, and scientists, and offers his own perspective on the nature of these experiences.
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  49.  78
    The Necessity of Theater: The Art of Watching and Being Watched.Paul Woodruff - 2008 - New York, US: Oup Usa.
    What is unique and essential about theatre? What separates it from other arts? Do we need 'theatre' in some fundamental way? The art of theatre, as Paul Woodruff says in this elegant and unique book, is as necessary-and as powerful-as language itself. Defining theatre broadly, including sporting events and social rituals, he treats traditional theatre as only one possibility in an art that-at its most powerful-can change lives and bring a divine presence to earth. The Necessity of Theater analyzes (...)
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  50. Problems with late preemption.L. A. Paul - 1998 - Analysis 58 (1):48–53.
    In response to counterexamples involving late preemption, David Lewis (1986) revised his original (1973) counterfactual analysis of causation to include the notion of quasi-dependence. Jonardon Ganeri, Paul Noordhof and Murali Ramachandran (1998) argue that their ‘PCA*-analysis’ of causation solves the problem of late preemption and is superior to Lewis’s analysis. I show that neither quasi-dependence nor the PCA*-analysis solves the problem of late preemption.
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