Prasad Kurian, Life in Organizations: Paradoxes, Dilemmas and Possibilities. Chennai: Notion Press Media Private Limited, 2021. 140 pp. ₹190.

Bohmian mechanics, which is also called the de Broglie-Bohm theory, the pilot-wave model, and the causal interpretation of quantum mechanics, is a version of quantum theory discovered by Louis de Broglie in 1927 and rediscovered by David Bohm in 1952. It is the simplest example of what is often called a hidden variables interpretation of quantum mechanics. In Bohmian mechanics a system of particles is described in part by its wave function, evolving, as usual, according to Schrödinger's equation. However, the (...) wave function provides only a partial description of the system. This description is completed by the specification of the actual positions of the particles. The latter evolve according to the.. (shrink)

Bohmian mechanics is arguably the most naively obvious embedding imaginable of Schr¨ odinger’s equation into a completely coherent physical theory. It describes a world in which particles move in a highly non-Newtonian sort of way, one which may at first appear to have little to do with the spectrum of predictions of quantum mechanics. It turns out, however, that as a consequence of the defining dynamical equations of Bohmian mechanics, when a system has wave function ψ its configuration is typically (...) random, with probability density ρ given by |ψ|2, the quantum equilibrium distribution. It also turns out that the entire quantum formalism, operators as observables and all the rest, naturally emerges in Bohmian mechanics from the analysis of “measurements.” This analysis reveals the status of operators as observables in the description of quantum phenomena, and facilitates a clear view of the range of applicability of the usual quantum mechanical formulas. (shrink)

The topic of liberty in Foucault becomes controversial when related to the objections, predicted by the author, for the subjects to be located outside the power networks. However, Foucault also points out potential for resistance and a notion of freedom involved by historical circumstances, which suggests original normative questions. In order to analyze the tension between domination and freedom in his work, and what is normatively reflected, two main directions are noted: the idea of freedom as something inherent in power (...) relations and as the foundation of the critical exercise of knowledge. It is argued that Foucault`s estimation of dimensions of freedom generates singular implications of evaluation of social conditions based on a normative temperance. (shrink)

Employee misconduct is prevalent in organizations and may be counterproductive in social and material terms. It is thus important to better understand how misconduct is construed by employees and the factors that determine its ethical acceptability in specific cases. This study explores attitudes towards unethical and minor deviant behaviours by examining the degree of acquiescence towards them in a sample of employees. Based on previous studies it was hypothesized that both organizational commitment and job satisfaction would be negatively related to (...) the acceptance of such behaviours in organizational settings. Results show that there is a relationship between the degree of acquiescence and organizational commitment and a more modest relationship with job satisfaction. They further indicate that organizational tenure impacts very significantly on the degree of acceptance. Although differences were found for age, neither gender nor organizational variables were found to be significant. (shrink)

Resumo: Este trabalho traça o perfil das principais vertentes do positivismo brasileiro e explica suas especificidades a partir da herança lusa. Os moralistas da geração pombalina semearam certas crenças que irão influenciar no modo como os ideais positivistas foram veiculados no Brasil. Esta circunstância explica as diferenças entre as vertentes francesa e brasileira do movimento. Palavras-chave: positivismo; vertentes; moral; sociedade; polítical. Résume: Ce travail trace le profil des principaux versants du positivisme brésilien et explique leurs spécificités à partir de l'héritage (...) lusitanien. Les moralistes de la génération pombalienne ont cultivé certaines croyances qui influenceront de la manière où les idéaux positivistes ont été véhículé au Brésil. Cette circonstance explique les différences entre les versants français et brésilien du mouvement Mots-clé: positivisme; versant; morale; societé; politique. (shrink)

ABSTRACTOur cognitive system implicitly binds relevant stimulus features into a coherent episodic event. According to past research, relative to young adults, older adults are more likely to hyper-...

Analisar os brinquedos em sua seriedade, considerando-os como "manifestações concretas de dominação social e cultural"(p.9), é a proposta do sociólogo Paulo de Salles Oliveira, em Brinquedo e indústria cultural. O autor, que já havia publicado, anteriormente, Brinquedos artesanais e expressividade cultural (SESC, 1982), e O que é brinquedo (Brasiliense, 1984), traz nesse novo trabalho, originalmente sua dissertação de mestrado em Ciências Sociais (PUC-SP), outra contribuição importante a esse assunto tão significativo, mas pouco explorado entre nós. O texto final é resultado (...) de pesquisa bibliográfica interpretado com precisão, e de trabalho de campo, nem sempre explicitado, que o autor classifica de "oculto"(p.12), englobando entrevistas com crianças, pais, educadores, industriais e comerciantes da área. A análise não é efetuada de maneira abstrata, situando-se uno contexto histórico da sociedade brasileira atuar, reconhecendo "que seu substrato se aloja no modo de produção capitalista, tal qual se estabelece em um país dependente, econômica, social, política e culturalmente" (p.33). [...] Palavras-chave: Indústria Cultural; Brinquedos; Brasil; Social. (shrink)

Esse artigo visa demonstrar como o psicanalista francês Jacques Lacan delineou e reformulou o conceito freudiano de pulsão de morte no interior dos três registros da experiência humana. Dito isso, iremos inicialmente compreender de forma geral como o conceito de pulsão de morte aparece na obra lacaniana, de maneira a demonstrarmos como ela é reformulada pelo autor francês. Depois, iremos delinear como esse conceito aparece no interior dos registros do Imaginário, Simbólico e Real; desse modo, estaremos envoltos com o Estágio (...) do Espelho desenvolvido por Lacan no decorrer dos anos 1930 e 1940, a teoria do significante fundada por nosso autor mais atentamente nos anos 1950 e por último o registro do Real, o qual foi introduzido com mais atenção a partir dos anos 1960 em diante. (shrink)

No presente artigo investigam-se as razões que levaram Descartes, no primeiro século da Modernidade, a insistir em assegurar um lugar para a metafísica, reabilitando-a no interior de sua teoria do conhecimento e conferindo-lhe, assim, estatuto de ciência. Para tanto, procuraremos estabelecer um vínculo entre o desenvolvimento da ciência no séc. XVII, a Metafísica e a existência humana à luz da filosofia Cartesiana.

The imposition of telework due to the COVID-19 pandemic brought with it the need for individuals to readjust their work-non-work boundaries. In this crisis situation, individuals’ needs to manage these boundaries may have been influenced by contextual factors, such as family-supportive supervisor behaviors and macro-structural aspects, such as the country to which the teleworkers belong. This study tests the mediating effect of boundary control on the relationship between FSSB and satisfaction with life and examines the moderating effect of the country (...) in the relationship between FSSB and boundary control. With a sample of 108 Portuguese and 118 Pakistani individuals, the results were analyzed using Process tool. FSSB was found to be important for teleworkers to control their boundaries and for their satisfaction with life and this control was also seen to contribute to higher levels of life satisfaction. Differences between the two countries were observed: boundary control mediates the relationship between FSSB and satisfaction with life for Pakistani teleworkers and these workers are more dependent on FSSB to exercise boundary control than Portuguese teleworkers. This study highlights the importance of considering contextual factors when implementing telework. Practical implications are discussed. (shrink)

Neste trabalho examinamos o modo como Miguel Reale concebe a liberdade política e a forma como ao longo da vida a considerou. Ao pensá-la em sociedade, o pensador trata o problema como manifestação de um pensamento filosófico construído a partir do eixo subjetividade encarnada, ou circunstanciada. É este eixo que une suas posições integralistas da juventude com as posições liberais da maturidade. A questão se torna o grande desafio dos últimos trabalhos de Miguel Reale e fica para os seus herdeiros (...) intelectuais como o grande desafio do culturalismo no século XXI. (shrink)

In this research, we evaluate the response of Brazilian consumers to corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives accompanied by a price increase. We demonstrate that the extent to which Brazilian consumers perceive a company to be socially responsible (i.e., their CSR perceptions) is related to both the basic transactional outcome of purchase intentions as well as two relational outcomes: the likelihood to switch to a competitor and to complain about the CSR-based price increase. More interestingly, we find that these relationships are (...) jointly mediated by the consumers’ perceptions of price fairness and feelings of personal satisfaction. Perhaps most interesting, we find that these mediating effects vary with consumer purchasing power; the mediating effect of price fairness on purchase intention is stronger for lower income than for higher income consumers, whereas the mediating effects of personal satisfaction on switching and complaining intentions are stronger for higher income than for lower income consumers. (shrink)

In Bohmian mechanics the distribution |ψ|2 is regarded as the equilibrium distribution. We consider its uniqueness, finding that it is the unique equivariant distribution that is also a local functional of the wave function ψ.

Este é o primeiro número da CADERNOS DO PET FILOSOFIA, revista eletrônica que nasceu dos objetivos de integrar ensino, pesquisa e extensão no âmbito do grupo PET Filosofia do Programa de Educação Tutorial na Universidade Federal do Piauí. Sua publicação representa a concretização de um esforço coletivo, por docentes e discentes do Curso de Filosofia da UFPI, bem como de nossos colegas professores de outras IES do país, em busca de um espaço de discussão crítica e coletiva que permita a (...) partilha genuína de reflexões, preocupações e trabalho teórico no esclarecimento e inovação das questões filosóficas e do seu ensino nos mais diferentes níveis, dessa forma, ampliando as fronteiras do PET Filosofia para além dos muros de nossa UFPI. (shrink)

We derive for Bohmian mechanics topological factors for quantum systems with a multiply-connected configuration space Q. These include nonabelian factors corresponding to what we call holonomy-twisted representations of the fundamental group of Q. We employ wave functions on the universal covering space of Q. As a byproduct of our analysis, we obtain an explanation, within the framework of Bohmian mechanics, of the fact that the wave function of a system of identical particles is either symmetric or anti-symmetric.

Rob Withagen radicalizou a distinção entre affordances e solicitações em dois aspectos: (i) affordances deixam de cumprir um papel explicativo do comportamento do organismo, apenas solicitações o fazem; (ii) solicitações não são apenas affordances relevantes afetivamente carregadas, elas abrangem também percepções errôneas afetivamente carregadas. Argumento que Withagen foi longe demais. Se entendemos as affordances como uma relação entre as habilidades de um organismo individual e o seu ambiente, então já temos recursos suficientes para incorporar a afetividade. Afetos tanto constituem habilidades (...) perceptuais quanto modulam o seu exercício, de modo que não há percepção de affordance completamente livre de afetividade. Estados afetivos são cruciais para dirigir a nossa atenção para as possibilidades de ações que são relevantes para a ativida¬de em que estamos engajados e para nos dar um senso da qualidade da nossa relação com o ambiente. Palavras-chave: Affordances. Psicologia ecológica. Afetividade. Percepção direta. Rob Withagen. (shrink)

This article aims to examine Johann Gottlieb Fichte's lectures on the destination of the erudite, in particular his contributions to thinking about ethics. In this writing, the philosopher makes a series of reflections on the role of each individual in society, and states that each one has a vocation to be freely chosen, and therefore exercised. Since human beings are essentially dignified, they are allowed to use only things and not their fellow human beings: as a result, they are their (...) own ends. The erudite, in particular, has the vocation to contribute directly to the ultimate goal of the human being, and this goal includes the moral improvement of each individual who makes up society. (shrink)

Enactivism is a family of theories that construe action as constitutive of cognition and reject the need to postulate representations in order to explain all cognitive activities. Acknowledging a biologically basic, non-representational mode of cognition, however, raises the question of how to explain higher or more complex cognitive acts, what we call explanatory integration challenge. In this paper, we critically discuss some attempts to meet that challenge through scaling up basic cognition and through scaling down complex cognition within the enactivist (...) research program. (shrink)

In this paper, I articulate and discuss Clifford's two main arguments in favor of the norm that it is illegitimate to believe based on insufficient evidence. The first argument appeals to the instrumental value of belief, and the second one appeals to our intrinsic interest in the truth. Both arguments bring to the fore the relevance of moral and social factors to determine norms for belief. I sustain that the first argument is insufficient to establish Clifford's norm in general. Beliefs (...) that are not a mean to an action fall outside the scope of the first argument. The second argument has a wider scope. However, it can be undermined if the agent follows an intellectualized norm that aims to protect the rest of her cognitive and active life from her unjustified beliefs. It’s an empirical matter whether a human agent is able to follow this norm. I defend that Clifford’s norm should be reformulated, including some parameters that have influence on the sufficiency of evidence. Finally, prudential and moral factors can affect the legitimacy of belief. It’s legitimate to believe without sufficient evidence only in special cases, when the agent insulates the unjustified belief, or when the good that results from believing surpasses the harms yielded by credulity. (shrink)

Volume 10, Issue 1, March 2019, Page 103-109.

One of the most pressing questions concerning singular demonstrative mental contents is what makes their content singular: that is to say, what makes it the case that individual objects are the representata of these mental states. Many philosophers have required sophisticated intellectual capacities for singular content to be possible, such as the possession of an elaborate scheme of space and time. A more recent reaction to this strategy proposes to account for singular content solely on the basis of empirical models (...) of visual processing. We believe both sides make good points, and offer an intermediate way of looking into singular content. Our suggestion is that singular content may be traced to psychological capacities to form flexible, abstract representations in the prefrontal cortex. This allows them to be sustained for increasingly longer periods of time and extrapolated beyond the context of perception, thus going beyond lowlevel sensory representations while also falling short of more sophisticated intellectual abilities. (shrink)

Many recent results suggest that quantum theory is about information, and that quantum theory is best understood as arising from principles concerning information and information processing. At the same time, by far the simplest version of quantum mechanics, Bohmian mechanics, is concerned, not with information but with the behavior of an objective microscopic reality given by particles and their positions. What I would like to do here is to examine whether, and to what extent, the importance of information, observation, and (...) the like in quantum theory can be understood from a Bohmian perspective. I would like to explore the hypothesis that the idea that information plays a special role in physics naturally emerges in a Bohmian universe. (shrink)

O objetivo deste ensaio é conceptualizar maquinaria experiencial a partir da teoria de Maturana e Varela (TMV) e apresentar a máquina de Turing Enativa (MTE) como Turing-completa e como modelo central do conceito de maquinaria experiencial. A TMV encontra hoje velhos e novos interlocutores, como respectivamente o representacionalismo cognitivista e o enativismo jona¬siano. Divergindo de ambos, partimos da TMV que, baseada na fenomenologia da biologia, visou explicações generativas da cognição, a exemplo da máquina autopoiética apresentada pelos autores. Eles descrevem que (...) se trata de um me¬canismo explicativo capaz de gerar os fenômenos investigados, capaz mesmo de gerar fenômenos de autoconsciência. Neste caso, chamamos aqui estes me¬canismos generativos da autoconsciência de maquinaria experiencial. Por uma análise fenomenológica do ato de calcular defendemos a máquina de Turing (MT) como uma maquinaria experiencial. Por fim, apresentamos a MTE como resultado da isomorfia entre a máquina autopoiética e a MT. Palavras-chave: Experiência. Cognição. Enação. Computação. Máquina de Turing. (shrink)

Este artigo busca investigar a relação entre capitalismo, epistemicído e produção de subjetividade. O epistemicídio foi um fator determinante no colonialismo para a instauração da lógica capitalista em escala global, legitimando a dominação social a partir da hegemonia do pensamento eurocêntrico. A subjetividade será abordada desde seu aspecto interpessoal e transversal, isto é, permeada também por forças econômicas, institucionais e culturais que forjam identidades de modo a sustentar a ordem capitalista. O capitalismo opera na produção da subjetividade da sociedade contemporânea (...) como um sistema semiótico modelizante através da qual se articula o poder, sustentando a economia política. (shrink)

The article explores the historicity of political subjecthood, making the case that through a process of subjectification “subjects of the king” gradually became the political subjects of the state. This in turn contributed to reconstitute the state as an abstract notion that nevertheless was real through the allegiance owed to it by its subjects. Addressing the making of subjecthood in relation to state formation helps fill an important lacuna in the literature on state formation, namely the double oversight of subjecthood. (...) Either studies of state formation have taken both territory and subjecthood—the two objects of state power—for granted, or, more recently, they have assumed that changes in subjecthood were a function of changes in territoriality. I propose to address this by inquiring into early modern subjecthood in its own right, through a historical exploration of the emergence of political subjecthood in English statutes during the Tudor period. Through gradual yet incremental changes in the relation between subject/king and subject/state, the political subject’s allegiance to the state changed and acquired a “taken-for-grantedness”—maintained and reinforced through constant legal reiteration. (shrink)

With many Hamiltonians one can naturally associate a |Ψ|2-distributed Markov process. For nonrelativistic quantum mechanics, this process is in fact deterministic, and is known as Bohmian mechanics. For the Hamiltonian of a quantum field theory, it is typically a jump process on the configuration space of a variable number of particles. We define these processes for regularized quantum field theories, thereby generalizing previous work of John S. Bell [3] and of ourselves [11]. We introduce a formula expressing the jump rates (...) in terms of the interaction Hamiltonian, and establish a condition for finiteness of the rates. (shrink)

Este quarto número da CADERNOS DO PET FILOSOFIA, revista eletrônica que nasceu dos objetivos de integrar ensino, pesquisa e extensão no âmbito do grupo PET Filosofia do Programa de Educação Tutorial na Universidade Federal do Piauí, estabelece um final da marca visual que adotamos até aqui, abrindo espaço para um novo começo no próximo volume. Nosso sítio na internet mudou o visual, incorporando uma logo produzida pelo petiano Franklin Silva; os artigos da revista também mudaram o lay out, ficando mais (...) enxutos e mais ecológicos para impressão, além de oferecerem informações mais completas sobre os artigos no cabeçalho e no rodapé – visualmente eles estão também mais agradáveis para os olhos. (shrink)

Zusammenfassung Behandlungsentscheidungen bei Frühgeburten an der Grenze der Lebensfähigkeit stellen eine große Herausforderung dar. In der Neonatologie hat sich das Konzept einer prognostischen Grauzone etabliert, die als ein Grenzbereich verstanden wird, in dem sich aus medizinischer Sicht die Nutzen-Risiko-Abwägung aufgrund der unsicheren Prognose sehr schwierig gestaltet und sich aus ethischer Sicht sowohl eine kurative als auch eine palliative Versorgung prinzipiell rechtfertigen lassen. Innerhalb der Grauzone wird zumeist eine gemeinsame Entscheidungsfindung mit den Eltern in Form eines „shared-decision making“ (SDM) favorisiert, die (...) sich an dem besten Interesse des Neugeborenen orientieren soll. Allerdings findet sich kein Konsens dazu, wie diese Anforderungen umzusetzen sind. Im vorliegenden Beitrag werden unter Einbeziehung der empirischen Studienlage ethische Anforderungen an die Umsetzung des SDM formuliert. Es wird gezeigt, dass Eltern bzw. Schwangere unterschiedliche Präferenzen hinsichtlich der Art ihrer Einbindung haben. Hieraus ergibt sich aus ethischer Sicht die Anforderung, im Rahmen des SDM gemeinsam herauszuarbeiten, welche Rolle sie bei der Entscheidungsfindung einnehmen wollen und welche Präferenzen und Werte für sie bei der Therapieentscheidung von Relevanz sind. Zudem wird in unserer Untersuchung auf die Frage eingegangen, inwiefern die zu erwartende Lebensqualität der Kinder in die Bestimmung des besten Interesses der Neugeborenen einbezogen werden kann. Es wird gezeigt, dass in der prognostischen Grauzone neben den Präferenzen der Eltern bzw. Schwangeren gegenwärtig kaum Kriterien zur inhaltlichen Bestimmung des besten Interesses des Neugeborenen zur Verfügung stehen – ein wesentlicher Grund, der aus ethischer Sicht für die Implementierung des skizzierten Modells des SDM spricht. (shrink)